Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0010200 (cough)
 23,843 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The use of radiation therapy is limited by the occurrence of the potentially fatal clinical syndromes of radiation pneumonitis and fibrosis. Radiation pneumonitis usually becomes clinically apparent from 2 to 6 months after completion of radiation therapy. It is characterized by fever, cough, dyspnea, and alveolar infiltrates on chest roentgenogram and may be difficult to differentiate from infection or recurrent malignancy. The pathogenesis is uncertain, but appears to involve both direct lung tissue toxicity and an inflammatory response. The syndrome may resolve spontaneously or may progress to respiratory failure. Corticosteroids may be effective therapy if started early in the course of the disease. The time course for the development of radiation fibrosis is later than that for radiation pneumonitis. It is usually present by 1 year following irradiation, but may not become clinically apparent until 2 years after radiation therapy. It is characterized by the insidious onset of dyspnea on exertion. It most often is mild, but can progress to chronic respiratory failure. There is no known successful treatment for this condition.
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PMID:Radiation-induced lung injury. 218 79

A 16-year-old, 28-week pregnant woman was admitted to our hospital with multiple bone fractures caused by a traffic accident. She had massive blood transfusion because of anemia in her laboratory findings and ritodrine hydrochloride was administered because of the fear of threatened abortion. She developed a cough with bloody sputum on the 4th day after admission, and developed pulmonary insufficiency with PaO2 41.0 torr and presented bilateral diffuse infiltrates on chest roentgenograms on the next day. Swan-Ganz catheterization revealed normal pulmonary capillary wedge pressure and analysis of the lavage fluid from the patient showed an increase in the percentage of neutrophils (40.0%) and the existence of leukotriene B4 which is known to be the most potent chemokinetic and chemotactic agent for neutrophils. Her condition was considered to be permeability edema developing adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and 1 g/day of methylprednisolone was administered intravenously for 3 days, which brought about remarkable improvement of her respiratory failure. This report suggests that analysis of the lavage fluid may provide useful information for the early diagnosis of ARDS and the indications of corticosteroid treatment.
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PMID:[Increased neutrophils in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from a patient with developing adult respiratory distress syndrome]. 261 14

Mycoplasma pneumoniae is a pathogenic micro-organism frequently held responsible for acute respiratory infection. The disease is ubiquitous and often proceeds in epidemics among small communities of young people (families, army barracks, universities). Its usual clinical manifestations consist of a stubborn cough symptomatic of tracheo-bronchitis with or without fever, and inflammation of the upper respiratory tract. Cases where chest X-rays show a pulmonary infiltrate are less frequent, but they differ from other lung diseases in that the respiratory signs at physical examination are discreet. The presence of cold agglutinins is not specific, but it contributes to the diagnosis. Cutaneous, neuromeningeal, cardiovascular and osteo-articular manifestations are rare, usually delayed and of lesser importance. Diagnosis rests on positive cultures of tracheo-bronchial or pharyngeal samples and/or on a significant increase in the titers of serum antibodies directed against M. pneumoniae. The disease is usually benign. Antibiotic therapy with macrolides or tetracyclines shortens its duration and reduces the incidence of complications. The latter chiefly concern elderly subjects and patients with COLD for whom M. pneumoniae infection constitutes a major risk of respiratory failure.
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PMID:[Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections]. 266 46

Methotrexate is used to treat a growing number of malignancies, severe rheumatoid arthritis, and refractory psoriatic arthritis. Pneumonitis induced by the drug occurs in a small percentage of patients and is usually associated with fever, cough, dyspnea, and restrictive pulmonary disease. Severe reactions may progress to respiratory failure. Early recognition of the toxicity is important, and discontinuation of the drug and therapy with corticosteroids usually lead to dramatic improvement.
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PMID:Methotrexate pneumonitis: a case report and summary of the literature. 267 17

The airways are cleared by mucociliary action and coughing. Mucociliary clearance depends on normal active beating cilia coupled to a mucous layer, the physical properties of which permit efficient cephalic movement. Optimal viscosity and elasticity are important. Coughing, essentially a reserve mechanism most efficient in the central airways, relies on a high linear airflow velocity generated by ample flow, and airway narrowing with a two-phase, air-liquid flow regime. This regime may be curtailed because of inadequate flow in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Failure of these two mechanisms may lead to sputum retention in the post-operative state or acute-on-chronic bronchitis, with respiratory failure. In e.g. primary ciliary dyskinesia, as in Kartagener's syndrome (sinusitis, bronchiectasis and situs inversus) and Young's syndrome (primary male infertility), the cardinal features are related to mucociliary insufficiency. Similarly, in asthmatics sputum plugging may occur, even in mild asthma. Clearance may be improved by drugs such as beta 2-agonists, theophylline, corticosteroids and mucolytics in various disease states. Physical means, such as gravitational postural drainage, and the forced expiration technique (FET) used for chest physiotherapy, may also be effective.
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PMID:Rationale of airway clearance. 267 8

A 35-year-old obese black American woman presented with nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, fever, cough, and chest pain of 2 weeks duration. She was pancytopenic and acidotic, with respiratory failure and hypotension. A diagnosis of septic shock was made, and the patient died 48 hours after admission. Blood cultures were positive for organisms that were reported to be Klebsiella rhinoscleromatis. At autopsy she had massive hepatic necrosis with numerous Mikulicz's cells. The lungs, spleen, and bone marrow were also involved. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a case of systemic infection with K rhinoscleromatis.
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PMID:Disseminated Klebsiella rhinoscleromatis infection. 268 80

A fatal case of human pulmonary adiaspiromycosis is reported. The patient, a male farm laborer from Pernambuco, in the Northeastern part of Brazil, had moved to Planaltina, DF., one year prior the onset of his illness. The main clinical manifestations consisted in fever, myalgia, cough and dyspnea. After being sick for five weeks, the patient developed severe respiratory failure and died. Grossly, disseminated nodular lesions, a few millimeters in diameter, were observed throughout the lobes of both lungs. Microscopically, round structures, up to 600 microns in diameter, with a thick membrane, identified as adiaconidia of Chrysosporium parvum var. crescens, were seen in the center of the nodular lesions. These adiaconidia appeared predominantly inside microabscesses or necrotic areas, both surrounded by a granulomatous reaction. The pulmonary alveoli not affected by the nodular lesions contained an inflammatory exudate composed of macrophages and neutrophils. The finding of several non-fatal cases of the disease in the area of the Federal District suggests that adiaspiromycosis is endemic in the Central Brazilian Plateau region, where the dry, warm and windy climate, particularly from August to October, may provide the appropriate environmental conditions for the dissemination of C. parvum conidia.
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PMID:[A fatal case of human pulmonary adiaspiromycosis]. 269 6

A 28 year-old homosexual man had one month history of intermittent high fever, nonproductive cough and progressive shortness of breath. He not only had immunity deficits, with decrease CD4 cells decreased CD8 cells and inverted CD4/CD8 ratio, but also presented with evidence of human immunodeficiency virus infection (positive ELISA antibody tests and Western blot tests). Chest X-ray showed diffuse pulmonary infiltration. The arterial blood gases revealed hypoxemia. The PaO2 was 69 mmHg. Spirometry showed FVC 2.28 L (45% predicted), FEV1 2.21 L (49% predicted), FEV1/FVC 93%, and MMEF 4.41 L/sec (90% predicted). The configuration of the Flow-Volume loop was consistent with a restrictive ventilatory defect. Transthoracic lung biopsy demonstrated pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP). He had inadvertent steroid therapy and showed some clinical, pulmonary function and chest X-ray improvement before the diagnosis was established. Steroids might be as adjunctive therapy for a short period of time in treatment of PCP associated with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) at respiratory failure.
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PMID:Pneumocystis Carinii pneumonia in an AIDS patient with dramatic response to inadvertent steroid therapy--a case report. 278 91

An autopsy case of smoldering adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) is presented. 67 year-old woman was admitted to our hospital with complaints of fever, cough and increasing dyspnea on October 2, 1985. Laboratory findings revealed high LDH, azothermia and slightly leukocytosis with low percentage of flower cells. CRP was strongly positive. Gas disturbance was markedly. Anti-ATLA antibody using indirect immunofluorescence method was X40 positive. Subsets of peripheral lymphocytes showed OKT 4 dominant. (OKT 3; 67.5%, OKT4; 60.6%, OKT8; 8.8%). A chest X-ray film revealed cardiomegaly and fine granular shadows in bilateral lower pulmonary fields. Diagnosis of interstitial pneumonitis was defined in transbronchial lung biopsy (TBLB) specimen. O2 therapy, steroid therapy added antibiotics were ineffective, respiratory failure and renal failure were progressive, she died by septic shock in 39th hospital days. In autopsy, no characteristic histological changes of ATL were found in lymph node, bone marrow, spleen, liver, kidney and lung. Sepsis was the cause was of death. Finally this case diagnosed smoldering ATL and pulmonary fibrosis due to bronchial ectasia with repeated pulmonary bacterial infections. The pulmonary complications of patients with ATL were discussed.
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PMID:[Smoldering adult T-cell leukemia complicating severe respiratory failure--an autopsy case report]. 288 12

Two cases of primary pulmonary artery sarcoma are reported. The patient in the first case was a 61-year-old male with a two-year history of cough and exertional dyspnea, who died of intractable cardiac failure two months after admission without establishment of a diagnosis related to the etiology of cardiac failure. Autopsy revealed a sessile tumor within the pulmonary trunk and a solitary metastatic lesion in the lung. Histologic, immunohistochemical and electron microscopic studies were performed and a diagnosis of malignant mesenchymoma was made. The patient in the second case was a 32-year-old male complaining of exertional dyspnea and back pain. Radiologic studies indicated a mediastinal tumor involving the pulmonary artery. Exploratory thoracotomy revealed that the mediastinal mass arose from the left pulmonary artery. He died of respiratory failure 26 months after onset of his initial symptoms. Histologic, immunocytochemical and electron microscopic studies of both surgical and autopsy materials revealed a malignant fibrous histiocytoma. One hundred ten previously reported cases of this tumor are reviewed, and its clinicopathologic and morphologic features and probable histogenesis are discussed.
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PMID:Primary pulmonary artery sarcoma. Report of two autopsy cases studied by immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy, and review of 110 cases reported in the literature. 305 9


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