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Query: UMLS:C0010200 (cough)
 23,843 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A retrospective study was undertaken in 1990 of 188 patients with the diagnosis of non small cell carcinoma of the lung referred to the Department of Radiation Oncology in 1984. Most patients (178/188) received a course of radiotherapy. This was definitive in 23, palliative in 148 (primary site in 113, metastases in 16, primary plus metastases in 19) and postoperative in 7. This report is a 5 year followup of the 171 patients treated by radiation alone, to assess factors that influence survival. Tumour histology was 50% squamous, 23% adenocarcinoma, 16% large cell and 4% unspecified, non small cell carcinoma. In 8% no histological diagnosis was obtained. The most common symptoms were cough (44%), dyspnoea (43%), chest pain (37%), haemoptysis (33%) and systemic symptoms (36%). Tumour stage (TNM) was assessed retrospectively as I(5%), II(8%), IIIA(18%), IIIB(22%) and IV(28%). A subgroup of 31 cases (18%) of uncertain staging (I-III) was analysed separately and in 2 cases (1%) no staging information was available. Palliative intent of treatment and poorer performance status were related significantly to increasing stage of disease. The effects of palliative treatment were recorded in 79 cases; in 71 there was a reduction in symptoms. The median survival from diagnosis was 8 months (range < 1-72). Using univariate and multivariate analyses, significant and independent prognostic factors for improved survival were good performance status, absence of systemic symptoms, lower tumour stage and curative intent of treatment (higher radiation dose). However the 5-year survival was only 2%. Long-term survival was associated predominantly with early stage disease but not with the type or intent of treatment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Non small cell carcinoma of the lung. A retrospective study. Presented at the 41st annual meeting of the Royal Australasian College of Radiologists, September 1990, Perth. 128 99

Sixty patients with primary lung cancer and under 40 years of age were operated from Jan. 1960 to June 1983. It comprised 3.7% of 1,635 lung cancers in all during the same period. The average age was 34.4 (17-39) years old. 35 were male and 25 female with a sex ratio of 1.4:1 which was lower than that reported for all lung cancers. Of the 60 patients, 31 (51.7%) presented with cough, 27 (45%) with bloody sputum, 23 (43.3%) chest pain and 13 (21.7%) feverishness. The average delay before the first medical examination was 6.4 months. It was over 1 year in 8 patients. The misdiagnosis rate was 76.7%. According to the TNM classification, the lesions were: stage I in 16.7%, stage II in 23.3% and stage III in 60%. By pathology, 45% were adenocarcinoma, 25% squamous cell carcinoma, 23.3% undifferentiated carcinoma and 6.7% squamous-adenocarcinoma. The resection rate was 83.3% (50 patients). The 1, 3, 5, 7 and 10 year survival rates were 83.3%, 42.5%, 32.3%, 18.5% and 21.1% which show that the survival rate of lung cancer in the young adults was similar to that of all ages. Most of the patients treated only by exploration died within 1.5 years. The authors believe that early diagnosis, early resection supplemented by radiotherapy, chemotherapy and immunotherapy might improve the survival rate of lung cancer in the young adults.
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PMID:[Lung cancer in the young adult and results of surgical treatment]. 301 35

We evaluated the relationship of clinical characteristics and survival in 1,635 patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated in Brazil. The following variables were included: sex, age, smoking, Karnofsky's performance status (PS), weight loss, symptoms at diagnosis (cough, dyspnea, hemoptysis, chest pain, wheezing, and hoarseness), presence of superior vena cava syndrome (SVCS), histologic type, TNM stage, and therapeutic modality (surgery, chemotherapy [CT] and radiotherapy [RT]). Multivariate prognostic models were obtained by Cox regression. Patients unsuitable for surgery or who had recidivant disease were elected to further RT and/or CT, and long-term results in this group were equivalent to those in the group treated only by surgery. A diagnosis of bronchioloalveolar carcinoma, small tumors, absence of hoarseness, treatment by surgery, and RT were independent factors related to good overall survival in stage I and II. Weight loss and clinical signs of SVCS were related to poor prognosis in stage III. PS, diagnosis of adenocarcinoma or undifferentiated carcinoma, absence of weight loss and dyspnea, NO or N1 disease, ability to receive RT, CT, and to perform some palliative surgical procedure were good prognostic factors in stage IV. Clinical features of patients with NSCLC at diagnosis offer additional information to estimate their prognosis.
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PMID:Clinical factors and prognosis in non-small cell lung cancer. 1052 Oct 57

The occurrence of primary lung cancer is rare in childhood. The case of an 11-year-old boy with primary lung cancer is presented in this report. He had a substantial family history of cancer. His chief complaint was coughing with right chest pain. A chest radiograph showed a coin lesion in the right lower lung. A right lower lobectomy revealed a squamous cell carcinoma (stage IIIA at Japanese TNM classification). Systemic chemotherapy using cisplatin, vindesine, THP-adriamycin and cyclophosphamide was performed. Six months after surgery, a recurrent tumor occurred. An analysis of the familial cancer related genes (p53 gene and mismatch repair gene) showed no abnormality.
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PMID:Lung cancer in a child with a substantial family history of cancer. 1066 54

Brachytherapy allows the delivery of higher radiation doses, possibly leading to improved locoregional tumor control and subsequent prolonged survival. The purpose of our study was to evaluate the long-term clinical survival in patients with malignant airway compromise treated with endobronchial brachytherapy and to estimate possible influence of other factors on survival and to review complications of the therapy. In a retrospective study 55 patients with malignant inoperable tracheobronchial lesions underwent 71 brachytherapy treatments with 137Cesium. Either MicroSelectron (N=56) or Selectron (N=15) were used. All except 4 patients received external radiation, 20 patients received chemotherapy, 37 patients received laser excision. Major symptomatic improvement was noted in 75% of patients. Substantial or complete relief of hemoptysis was achieved in 85%, of dyspnea in 65% and of cough in 68%. Response evaluation showed no complete response, partial response was achieved in 70.9% and the endoscopic finding was not changed, or recurrence of the tumor was found in 29.1%. A relatively small number of complications of the endobronchial brachytherapy occured. Significant bleeding was observed in 1 procedure and an inability to tolerate in 3 cases. In 2 cases, it was not possible to place an applicator due to extreme hypoxia. Bronchomediastinal fistula developed in 1 patient and tracheal stenosis in 1 patient. The overall incidence of complications was 15%. The median survival from establishing the diagnosis was 510 days. The median survival after the first brachytherapy treatment was 200 days. We compared the survival in the subgroups of patients in relation to TNM status, chemotherapy, laser debulking brachytherapy device used. The stage IIIA patients survived longer from diagnosis than IIIB patients but the difference was on the border of significance (p = 0.090). In the evaluation of chemotherapy, more patients survived 12 months from the diagnosis (p = 0.045) when treated by chemotherapy comparing to the patients treated without chemotherapy. However, this difference disappeared during the further development of the disease. In the Nd-YAG laser treatment, the patients treated by brachytherapy with the previous laser debulking survived significantly longer from the time of the first brachytherapy session (p = 0.005). No statistical difference was found in the survival of patients treated by either the Selectron or MicroSelectron device. The LDR endobronchial brachytherapy is a well tolerated, safe and effective technique for palliation of malignant airway occlusions. In our group of patients, the long-term survival was longer in IIIA stage comparing to the IIIB, in the group treated by the previous chemotherapy compared to the patients without chemotherapy and in the group with the Nd-YAG laser therapy, comparing to the group treated by the brachytherapy only. No difference of the brachytherapy device used was found.
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PMID:Long-term clinical benefits of the low dose rate endobronchial irradiation of malignant airway obstructions. 1158 95

We report a case of pulmonary tumor embolism involving multiple emboli from an unusual site, an adenocarcinoma of the prostate. A 78-year-old Japanese man was diagnosed with stage IV (1997 version of the TNM classification) moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma of the prostate in December 1997. He underwent bilateral orchiectomy and hormonal therapy with flutamide was started. The patient suffered from relapse in April 1998, and estramustine phosphate was administered as treatment for hormone-refractory prostate cancer. He noticed a dry cough in May 1998, and on June 13, he developed acute progressive dyspnea and was admitted to our hospital. Radiological findings, blood gas analysis, and clinical symptoms suggested pulmonary thrombosis. Despite anticoagulation and oxygen therapy, he remained severely dyspnoeic. He died of respiratory failure 4 days after admission. Autopsy confirmed dissemination of poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma of the prostate to the majority of the pulmonary muscular arteries.
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PMID:Microscopic pulmonary tumor embolism secondary to adenocarcinoma of the prostate. 1272 33

Lung cancer is the commonest cause of cancer death, with a very poor survival rate. By the time of diagnosis, most cases are at an advanced stage and about 30% present with symptoms caused by central endobronchial obstruction. Endobronchial cryosurgery is an effective technique, which can be used to relieve tracheobronchial obstruction caused by lung cancer. This report describes the technique, using a nitrous oxide cooled cryoprobe, inserted through a bronchoscope, to remove the obstruction and reopen the airway. In this study, 476 consecutive patients (mean age 68.3 years, M:F ratio 1.9:1) with obstructive tracheobronchial tumours underwent a mean of 2.4 cryosurgical treatments. Their TNM staging was, stage II 6.7%, IIIa 21.0%, IIIb 23.9%, IV 48.4%. Improvement in symptom quantification was found with 76.4, 69.0, 59.2, and 42.6% of symptomatic patients for haemoptysis, cough, dyspnoea, and chest pain, respectively. Mean values for respiratory function improved from 1.38 to 1.41 litres for FEV1 and 1.91 to 2.04 litres for FVC (p </= 0.0001). Mean performance status improved from 59.6 to 75.2 for Karnofsky scale and 3.04 to 2.20 for the WHO scale and the complication rate was 3.5% of treatments. The Kaplan-Meier median survival was 8.2 months and 1- and 2-year survival 38.4 and 15.9%, respectively. Survival analysis suggested a possible survival advantage over alternative palliative techniques. Endobronchial cryosurgery provides a safe and effective method for the palliation of otherwise inoperable lung cancer. It has advantages over other methods in terms of safety, cost, and a low complication rate. Cryosurgery can be repeated as often as required.
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PMID:The application of cryosurgery in the treatment of lung cancer. 1496 82

A 61-year-old man with cough and white sputum had an abnormal pulmonary mass in the left lower lobe in the computed tomography (CT) imaging. According to the lung cancer multidisciplinary team (MDT) discussion, the patient took the left lower lobe resection and lymphadenectomy and finally diagnosed as left lung adenocarcinoma with TNM stage IIIA (pT3N2M0). After four cycles of postoperative chemotherapy with pemetrexed and nedaplatin and 10-month release, a solitary pulmonary nodule (SPN) appeared in the middle lobe of right lung in CT scanning. The patient took a second operation "the right middle lobe resection" and was diagnosed as left lung adenocarcinoma at TNM stage IV (pT3N2M1a, two lungs) with neither EGFR mutation nor ALK-EML4 fusion gene. After operation, the patient took another four cycles of postoperative chemotherapy with Docetaxel and Nedaplatin. During the follow-up, another PET/CT scanning reported that several enlarged mediastinal lymph nodes, a SPN in left upper lobe and lesion in cerebellum and the brain metastasis was also proved in MRI. The patient was now diagnosed as left lung adenocarcinoma at TNM stage IV (pT3N2M1b, brain). In the third-line therapy, the patient took the stereotactic radiotherapy for metastatic mediastinal lymph nodes and took erlotinib once a day after the radiotherapy. However, the number of small lesions on lungs was increased and the brain metastasis was enlarged. The stereotactic radiotherapy for the single brain metastasis and single agent chemotherapy of abraxane were taken. The whole body examination suggested that there was progression-free after two cycles of chemo. The patient is now took five cycles of single agent chemotherapy of abraxane. The latest whole body examination showed disease was stable with no new lesions and metastasis, performance status (PS) score is 0 and the overall survival (OS) time is 34 months.
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PMID:A 61-year-old man with cough and white sputum. 2580 49

Sarcomatoid carcinoma (SC) is a rare primary malignant tumor, which seldom occurs in the lung, let alone as synchronous primary lung sarcomatous carcinoma and lung squamous cell carcinoma. We present a case of a 65-year-old Chinese man with a three-month history of cough and expectoration. The diagnosis was a combination of poorly differentiated synchronous central type primary lung sarcomatous carcinoma and lung squamous cell carcinoma with approximately 50% proportion of each, and the TNM classification was pT2aN1M0, at least AJCC Stage IIA. The purpose of the case report is to present the imaging, pathologic features, and treatment.
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PMID:Synchronous primary lung sarcomatous carcinoma and lung squamous cell carcinoma: a case report. 3226 85