Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0010200 (cough)
 23,843 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

During January-December 1993, in the interior of Pernambuco State, northeast Brazil, researchers recruited 133 low birth weight (LBW) (1500-2499 g) infants and 260 sex- and birth season-matched controls of appropriate birth weight (ABW) (3000-3499 g) from the maternity wards of hospitals in five communities. All infants were randomly assigned to receive either 1 mg zinc/day for 8 weeks or a placebo. All infants came from low income families. The researchers compared their morbidity, especially diarrhea and respiratory tract infections, and mortality rates during the first 6 months of life. Zinc supplement had no effect on any of the outcome measures. LBW infants were more likely than ABW infants to die (7.5% vs. 0.8%; adjusted hazard rate ratio [AHRR] = 6.58; p = .006) and to be hospitalized (24.8% vs. 6.5%; AHRR = 4.09; p .001) during the first 6 months of life. Yet the rate of consultations with medical personnel was essentially the same for both groups. 90% of the LBW deaths occurred in the postneonatal period, the underlying causes being diarrhea and respiratory infections. For both LBW and ABW infants, diarrhea was the main cause of hospitalization. Both groups experienced little diarrhea during the first 6 weeks of life. Thereafter, LBW infants suffered a higher prevalence of diarrhea than ABW infants up until 5 months. Beginning with day 1, LBW infants experienced more vomiting than ABW infants. Both groups experienced increasing rates of cough and fever throughout the 6-month period. Differences between the two groups were less pronounced than they were for diarrhea or vomiting. LBW infants were more likely to be sick longer with diarrhea and vomiting than ABW infants (p .001), but the difference in prevalence was less significant (p = .043). The onset of diarrhea was strongly associated with feeding mode (hazard rate ratio = 1.56 for partially breast-fed infants and 2.34 for infants no longer breast fed; p .001) as was the onset of vomiting (0.95 and 1.86, respectively; p .001 for the latter). LBW infants suffered more deaths, hospitalizations, and diarrhea morbidity than ABW infants.
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PMID:Low birth weight and morbidity from diarrhea and respiratory infection in northeast Brazil. 861 83