Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0010200 (cough)
 23,843 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A 20 year-old man was admitted to our hospital suffering from fever and cough due to bronchiectasis. He had been injured in automobile accident 18 years before. The subsequent bronchography revealed a marked stricture of the right intermediate bronchus with post-stenotic bronchiectasis. Right middle and lower lobectomy was performed. Postoperatively, pneumonia improved, and pulmonary function was preserved. There is no agreement on criteria indicating the need for bronchial reconstruction in cases like this, because evaluation is difficult whether inflammatory changes in the lobes intending to the reimplant may be reversible. In our case, we considered that recurrent pneumonia and bronchiectatic changes of the right lower lobe were contra-indications to bronchial reconstruction.
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PMID:[A case of right intermediate bronchial stenosis due to an injury eighteen years before]. 930 18

A 30-year-old woman complaining of cough, bloody sputum and left chest pain was admitted to our hospital. She had a history of recurrent pneumonia in the left lower lobe. On admission an abnormal shadow was recognized in the left lower lobe on chest radiograph. An enhanced CT scan showed an abnormal blood vessel extending from the descending aorta to the left lower lung. Aortography also indicated one aberrant artery, 15 mm in diameter, extending from the thoracic aorta to the left lower lobe. Pulmonary sequestration was subsequently diagnosed, and left lower lobectomy was later performed. Pathological examination after surgery revealed epithelioid cell granulomas and atypical Mycobacteria avium were detected on sputum culture. Cases of pulmonary sequestration complicated by atypical mycobacterial infection are rare.
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PMID:[A case of pulmonary sequestration with atypical mycobacterial infection]. 969 58

A 78-year-old individual, who had a previous transthoracic Nissen fundoplication 20 years earlier, presented to our institution with hemoptysis. Initial workup included chest roentgenogram, upper gastrointestinal series, and upper endoscopy, all of which were nondiagnostic. A repeat upper endoscopy diagnosed a gastrobronchial fistula by revealing a large gastric ulcer that penetrated into the lung parenchyma. The patient underwent surgery for takedown of the fistula. One of the most common symptoms associated with gastrobronchial fistula is hemoptysis, although insidious cough, recurrent pneumonia, or gastrointestinal bleeding are also observed. The most useful diagnostic study is an upper gastrointestinal series, which must be read with a high index of suspicion. Gastrobronchial fistula is most commonly a long-term complication from hiatal hernia repair. The most frequently used procedure for repair of this disorder is the Nissen fundoplication. This can be done from either an abdominal or transthoracic approach. When the procedure is done such that the gastric wrap is left above the diaphragm, serious complications can occur. These include gastric ulceration, gastric herniation with gastric outlet obstruction, slippage or perforation of the wrap, and gastrobronchial fistula. Because of these serious complications, the Nissen fundoplication with the wrap left above the diaphragm should only be used in certain situations, such as obesity and shortened esophagus.
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PMID:Unusual presentation of hemoptysis in a 78-year-old with previous Nissen fundoplication. 984 51

Further advances in the ability to diagnose GER disease by use of ambulatory pH monitoring have unveiled a host of extraesophageal manifestations of GERD. These include pulmonary symptoms of asthma, recurrent pneumonia, cough or bronchitis, and infant apnea. Many of these symptoms may be the sole presentations of GER in these patients. It is important that the clinician is aware of these atypical presentations of GERD. The expanding use of ambulatory pH monitoring is helping to clarify the underlying pathophysiology of these disorders as well as to improve the ability to diagnose the atypical manifestations of GERD.
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PMID:Respiratory complications of gastrointestinal diseases. 989 Jan 12

Between July 1995 and July 1997 we diagnosed bronchiectasis confirmed by CT scan chest in 25 (18 men and 7 women) out of 295 hospitalised patients with HIV infection who suffered from lower respiratory infection. Median age at time of diagnosis of bronchiectasis was 32 years old. The patients were mostly intravenous drug addicts. In all cases a previous pulmonary infection was revealed (Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, tuberculosis, recurrent pneumonia) with impairment of immune status (CD4 media = 64.8 mm3). Presence of persistent or intermittent cough with purulent sputum, repeated low respiratory infection and abnormal chest radiograph were correlated to bronchiectasis by chest CT scan. We conclude, that there is a significant occurrence of bronchiectasis in patients with HIV infections and pulmonary disease, thus increasing morbidity and mortality in these patients and being the cause of repeated hospitalisations due to bacterial respiratory infections.
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PMID:[Bronchiectasia in HIV-positive patients]. 1034 23

This review discusses current general concepts on cough and the relationship between cough, cough receptor sensitivity, and asthma in children. It presents models of the relationship between cough and bronchoconstriction, and proposes a new model outlining the relationship between cough receptor sensitivity, airway hyperresponsiveness, and the clinical issues of cough, wheeze, and dyspnea in children with and without asthma. Cough is very common in children, with a prevalence of 15-20%. Those with non-specific cough (dry cough in the absence of identifiable respiratory illness) are often treated with a variety of drugs, in particular, medications for asthma and gastroesophageal reflux. However, there is little evidence to use these medications for the sole symptom of cough in children. Clinical studies on cough need to be interpreted in light of inherent methodological problems in studying cough. These methodological problems include the nonrepeatable nature of questions on cough, the unreliability of subjective measurements of cough, the lack of objective measurements to quantify cough severity, and the period effect (spontaneous resolution of cough). Although cough can be troublesome, cough serves as an important function for maintaining normal health of the respiratory system. The importance of cough in maintaining respiratory health is reflected in the development of lung atelactasis/collapse from retained secretions and recurrent pneumonia in clinical situations where the cough reflex is ineffective. The cough reflex is complex and still poorly understood. In this article the simplified cough pathway is presented and involves cough receptors, mediators of sensory nerves and the afferent pathway, the vagus nerve, the cough centre, efferent pathway, and cough effectors.
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PMID:Cough, cough receptors, and asthma in children. 1040 52

Chronic pulmonary aspiration (CPA) causes significant morbidity, but is underdiagnosed because of difficulties in establishing a diagnosis. The lipid-laden macrophage index (LLMI) is said to differentiate between those with and without CPA. Records of 113 patients were reviewed to determine specificity and sensitivity of the LLMI for CPA. Diagnostic accuracy was inferred from treatment outcome. Mean LLMI for aspirators was 104 +/- 62 (range, 20-233), and for nonaspirators, 44 +/- 39 (range, 0-170) (P < 0.05). Sensitivity and specificity were 0.69 and 0.79, respectively. While the LLMI provides clinically helpful information, it does not stand alone as the gold standard for the diagnosis of CPA. Failure to thrive and neurological impairment correlated with CPA, using Fisher's exact test. CPA was not diagnosed in any patient with normal growth, normal neurological development, and an LLMI <86. No other clinical observation (cough, wheeze, vomiting, difficulty feeding, choking with feeding, recurrent pneumonia, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, chronic chest X-ray changes, endotracheal tube, tracheostomy tube, nasogastric feeding tube, or transpyloric feeding tube) or diagnostic study (upper gastrointestinal series, gastroesophageal scintigraphy, modified barium swallow, or pH probe) correlated with the diagnosis of CPA.
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PMID:Chronic aspiration in children: evaluation of the lipid-laden macrophage index. 1042 5

Persistent atelectasis and recurrent pneumonia in the same location should raise suspicion of congenital anomalies or obstructing lesions of the bronchus leading to the affected area. We present an 8-year-old black female with a history of recurrent fever, cough, atelectasis of the right middle and lower lobes, and weight loss for several months. Flexible bronchoscopy revealed a polypoid mass obstructing the bronchus intermedius. Biopsy of the neoplasm demonstrated a granular cell tumor (GCT). The patient had a lobectomy of the right lower and middle lobes. She had no recurrence of the tumor after several years of follow-up.
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PMID:Granular cell tumor of the bronchus. 1106 34

Downbeating nystagmus is an involuntary vertical rhythmic eye movement with the fast component in the downward direction. The sign indicates a craniocervical disorder. The most common cause is the Arnold-Chiari malformation, followed by cerebellar degeneration. Basilar invagination is a rare cause of downbeating nystagmus. However, with appropriate treatment its prognosis is good. Here, we report a case of basilar invagination which presented with downbeating nystagmus and postural hypotension. A 31 year-old Thai male patient had a 20 year history of postural hypotension. He had recurrent pneumonia and cough-induced syncope a year before admission. He complained of symptoms of an acute febrile illness and a productive cough. The physical examination showed high grade fever, postural hypotension and medium crepitation in the right upper lobe. The neurological examination showed downbeating nystagmus, atrophy and fasciculation of the right side of the tongue, atrophy of the right sternocleidomastoid muscle, mild weakness of the extremities and generalized hyperreflexia. The cervical spine X-ray revealed upward displacement of the vertebral bodies of C1 and C2, with a mild narrowing of the space between C1 and the occiput. The CT-myelogram and MRI showed upward displacement of C1 with overriding of the dens over the anterior lip of the foramen magnum; this also compressed the medulla. Syringomyelia was seen at the C1-C5 level. We report a patient who presented with postural hypotension, recurrent pneumonia and downbeating nystagmus due to basilar invagination. The symptoms were aggravated by cough which caused an increase in intracranial pressure. This resulted from medulla compression in the foramen magnum by the first cervical spine. The treatment of choice was surgical decompression.
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PMID:Downbeating nystagmus and postural hypotension due to basilar invagination. 1125 95

Childhood bronchial mucoepidermoid tumours (BMET) are rare. A 12-year-old boy with hepatosplenomegaly underwent liver biopsy which diagnosed amyloidosis. Chest radiograph and CT, performed for recurrent respiratory symptoms, identified a left lower lobe tumour, which was subsequently excised. Histology showed a BMET. A literature review reveals 51 reported cases of BMET in children. Common presenting symptoms include fever, cough and recurrent pneumonia. Diagnosis is often delayed and patients with recurrent respiratory symptoms should undergo CT or bronchoscopy. The association between amyloidosis and BMET in this case is unique and has not been previously described, but may be coincidental.
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PMID:Bronchial mucoepidermoid tumour in a child presenting with organomegaly due to secondary amyloidosis: case report and review of the literature. 1137 23


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