Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0010200 (cough)
 23,843 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A series of experiments has been performed to evaluate typing of the HLA DQ alpha gene by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of the gene and subsequent hybridization with sequence-specific oligonucleotide probes. These experiments were designed to evaluate DQ alpha typing for analysis of evidentiary specimens. Bloodstains were exposed to a variety of conditions and environmental insults. These conditions included exposure to many different types of substrates, various microorganisms that could be encountered in evidentiary stains, sunlight, and a variety of chemical contaminants. Varying amounts of genomic deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) were amplified to test the sensitivity of DQ alpha typing. The sensitivity of the PCR technique raises the concern that DNA from sources other than the evidentiary material could be detected. A series of experiments was done to evaluate the question of DNA contamination. Purified DNA samples with different DQ alpha types were mixed in different ratios to determine the ratio at which it could not be determined whether an allele was from the sample or the contaminant. Samples were exposed to a variety of situations that could lead to contamination, such as extensive handling and exposure to coughing or sweaty clothing, to other wet bloodstains, and to saliva. The DQ alpha types were determined from 469 individuals from three sample populations (Caucasian, black, and Hispanic), and the genotype frequencies were compared with frequencies previously reported by others. DNA samples from old cases [which had previously been analyzed by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) typing of variable number of tandem repeat sequences] were typed. All samples that were excluded by DQ alpha typing were also excluded by RFLP analysis, and all samples that were included by RFLP analysis were included by DQ alpha typing. Finally, the problem of allele dropout, or the failure to detect particular alleles, was noted and alleviated by performing the typing under appropriate conditions. The results of these validation experiments indicate that typing of the DQ alpha gene by PCR and detection of specific alleles can be accomplished, when the typing is done using proper protocols, without producing false positive or false negative results.
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PMID:Validation studies on the analysis of the HLA DQ alpha locus using the polymerase chain reaction. 168 63

A 34 year-old male pigeon breeder developed a sudden fever, cough, and dyspnea with diffuse nodular shadows on the chest X-ray film and computer tomogram. His symptoms and diffuse nodular shadows on the chest X-ray film improved and gallium (Ga) scintigram showed no accumulation of 67Ga-citrate in his lungs when examined after corticosteroid therapy. Serum precipitin against pigeon serum and pigeon dropping extracts could be detected. In his bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid, total cell count, mainly lymphocytes, were increased. OKT8(+)-HLA-DR+T cells were dominant in the lymphocyte subpopulation of the BAL fluid. Pathological examination of transbronchial lung biopsy specimen showed interstitial pneumonia. Blastogenic response of peripheral blood mononuclear cells when cultured with pigeon serum could not be observed, which suggested suppressive effects of lymphocyte blastogenesis by corticosteroid therapy. An inhalation provocation test with pigeon serum was performed. The patient developed fever, leucocytosis, hypoxemia and decreased vital capacity after the inhalation provocation test. Consequently, the case was diagnosed as a pigeon breeder's lung.
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PMID:[A case of pigeon breeder's lung]. 235 79

A 20-year-old Chinese male given an HLA-identical sibling bone marrow transplant for severe aplastic anemia, who had previously had chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) of the mouth, developed myasthenia gravis and widespread pulmonary infiltrates with cough and exertional dyspnea at day 820 post-transplant. There was nothing to suggest aspiration pneumonia. Lung histology at day 940 showed some areas of dense pulmonary fibrosis, some areas of normal parenchyma, and some areas of widening of the interstitium and a mild lymphocytic infiltrate. Evidence of infection was not found. Treatment with cyclosporin and prednisone resulted in slow partial resolution of the infiltrates over 5 months. The myasthenia gravis was controlled with pyridostigmine. In view of the association with myasthenia gravis, of the absence of infectious agents and the response to immunosuppression, we conclude that widespread pulmonary fibrosis can be a major clinical manifestation of chronic GVHD. Examination of lung tissue to distinguish this from infective interstitial pneumonitis is essential.
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PMID:Widespread pulmonary fibrosis as a major clinical manifestation of chronic graft-versus-host disease. 264 79

Two sisters (6 and 8 years old) fell ill with coughing, fever and dyspnea after playing in the rotten straw in the barn of their parents' farm. Within 2 weeks symptoms changed to the insidious form of Exogen Allergic Alveolitis. In the broad spectrum of antibodies detected, the Thermophile Actinomycetes were probably the relevant antigens. In spite of efforts to avoid contact with the antigens, there was a relapse of the disease, the most probable sources of the antigens being a mattress in the bed-room and a fodderroom. Since consequent avoidance of antigens is practiced, no signs of relapse have been seen. The other three members of the family were exposed too. The mother and the youngest daughter showed neither symptoms nor specific antibodies. The father turned out to be sensibilitized too. By more attentive self-observation he discovered signs of illness. The distribution of the HLA-markers in the family was not concordant with the pattern of disease nor of antibodies. Some HLA-markers have been described as being associated with Exogen Allergic Alveolitis. Among the markers of our family there are none of these.
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PMID:[Simultaneous illness in siblings with exogenous allergic alveolitis of the farmer's lung type--report of a 3-year course, familial sensitization and HLA markers]. 376 8

This 35-year-old housewife was initially treated with vincristine, prednisolone and L-asparaginase for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL, L1 by FAB classification) in 1988 and entered into complete remission. Ten months later she underwent bone marrow transplantation (BMT) from her HLA-identical and MLC-negative sister. The conditioning regimens consisted of busulfan 4 mg/kg/day for 4 days orally and cyclophosphamide 60 mg/kg/day for 2 days intravenously followed by cyclosporine and prednisolone for graft-versus-host disease prophylaxis. Fifty days after BMT, she suffered interstitial pneumonitis and a gastric ulcer, and was treated with a high dose of methylprednisolone and cimetidine. She experienced transient improvement, but soon cough, dyspnea and epigastralgia became worse. The specimens obtained by transbronchial alveolar lavage (BAL) and endoscopic gastric biopsy showed many giant cells containing inclusion bodies which were identified as cytomegalovirus (CMV). This time ganciclovir was started in addition to prednisolone. Then she gradually improved and after repeated BAL and the gastric biopsy after treatment showed no inclusion body in the specimen. Although leukocytopenia was significant for this patient, ganciclovir is considered to be useful for controlling CMV infection in both the lungs and stomach.
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PMID:[Good response to ganciclovir in a patient of cytomegalovirus (CMV) interstitial pneumonitis and gastric ulcer following allogeneic bone marrow transplantation for acute lymphoblastic leukemia]. 774 99

A 17-year-old man diagnosed as acute myelogenous leukemia (M5a) underwent allogeneic bone marrow transplantation from his HLA-identical, MLC non-reactive sister on the occasion of the second complete remission. On day 14 engraftment was confirmed by karyotypic expression. The patient had no evidence of acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), therefore cyclosporine A was discontinued on day 62. Having complained of cough and dyspnea by day 100, the patient was diagnosed as interstitial pneumonitis (IP) based on chest X-ray findings. However, no other typical signs of chronic GVHD were present except for modest abnormality of liver function. Since there was no evidence of infection on bronchofiberoscopic examination and prednisolone was very effective, it was considered that the IP might be pulmonary disease of chronic GVHD. It has been reported that HLA-DR which is not normally found, is expressed on epithelial tissues of the patient with GVHD. In this case alveolar epithelial cells were positive for LN-3 (anti-HLA-DR). In conclusion, pulmonary disease in this case may represent a possible manifestation of chronic GVHD, thus suggesting that the current case could provide information to ascertain the mechanism of chronic GVHD.
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PMID:[Pulmonary disease as the chief manifestation of chronic graft-versus-host disease after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation]. 849 13

We described two cases of idiopathic interstitial pneumonitis (IP) after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT), who were successfully treated with prednisolone (PSL). A 40-year-old male with AML (M3) in the first remission (case 1) and a 36-year-old male with CML in chronic phase (case 2) were treated with BMT from HLA genotypically identical female siblings. Both patients were conditioned with busulfan (16mg/kg) and cyclophosphamide (120mg/kg), and given a combination of cyclosporin A and methotrexate to prevent acute GVHD (aGVHD). Engraftment of donor marrow was documented in both cases. Grade I of aGVHE developed in case 1 and no aGVHD in case 2. Both patients had clinical manifestations of chronic GVHD (cGVHD), which were followed by dyspnea and cough without fever 120 days (case 1) or 100 days (case 2) after BMT. Abnormal lung function tests and radiographic infiltrates indicated that patients developed IP, but causative microorganisms could not be detected in the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) specimens. Subjective symptoms disappeared in a few days after administering PSL (1mg/kg/day). Laboratory data also improved thereafter. These observations, including the development of radiographic infiltrates along with clinical manifestations of cGVHD, absence of febrile episodes, absence of causative microorganisms in the BAL specimens, and effectiveness of immunosuppressive drugs, suggested that idiopathic IP observed in our cases might be a manifestation of cGVHD.
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PMID:[Idiopathic interstitial pneumonitis possibly associated with chronic graft-versus-host disease]. 849 16

A 25-year-old with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (FAB:L2) received an allogeneic bone marrow transplant from an HLA-identical sibling during the first remission. Despite administration of adequate immunosuppressant drugs, active chronic graft-versus-host disease developed and continued. The patient complained of progressive dry coughing and breathlessness on exertion 18 months after the transplant and severe hyperlucency and multiple bullae were observed on a chest X-ray film. Three years after the transplant, recurrent bilateral pneumothorax developed and lung cysts were resected twice. Histological examination revealed bronchiolitis obliterans. We speculate that post-transplant bronchiolitis obliterans caused multiple bullae to form by a check-valve mechanism, which then led to recurrent bilateral pneumothorax.
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PMID:[Bronchiolitis obliterans in a patient with chronic graft-versus-host disease after bone marrow transplantation]. 877 78

A 24-year-old male with myelodysplastic syndrome (refractory anemia) was treated with allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) from HLA-identical brother on September 9, 1994, after conditioning with busulfan and cyclophosphamide. From early in April 1995, the patient complained of cough and fever. Chest X-ray showed interstitial infiltrates involving hilar and lower lung fields. Although pulmonary infiltrates were resolved with methylprednisolone pulse therapy, on May 19, the patient rapidly deteriorated with dyspnea. Diffuse alveolar infiltrates appeared on chest X-ray and he died of respiratory failure. At autopsy, diffuse alveolar hemorrhage accompanied with thickening of the alveolar walls and interstitial infiltration of lymphocytes was demonstrated. There was no evidence of bleeding in other organs. This is a rare case of diffuse alveolar hemorrhage in the late stage of allogeneic BMT. This report should lead to an evaluation of this disease by the collection of similar cases.
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PMID:[Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage associated with idiopathic interstitial pneumonia syndrome after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation]. 926 59

Pneumocystis carinii (P. carinii) is one of the major opportunistic pathogens responsible for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT)-related pneumonias. Although trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazol (TMP/SMX) prophylaxis has been shown to prevent almost all P. carinii infections, 1%-2% of patients may still experience this complication. P. carinii pneumonia (PCP) is usually a late complication in patients receiving TMP/SMX prophylaxis, with most cases occurring later than 2 months post-transplant. We report a patient who developed early onset PCP after allogeneic peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (PBSCT) from an HLA-identical sibling donor. On day 12, the patient complained of dyspnea and cough. A chest X ray showed infiltrates in right upper lobe with bilateral pleural effusion. By the findings of Grocott stain on bronchoalveolar lavage fluid obtained on day 14, he was diagnosed as having PCP. Intravenous TMP/SMX failed to improve the lesion. This is the earliest onset PCP in the literature after HSCT despite the prophylactic administration of TMP/SMX before transplant.
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PMID:Early onset Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia after allogeneic peripheral blood stem cell transplantation. 1139 21


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