Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0010200 (cough)
 23,843 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We report a case of left main bronchial glomus tumor in a 39-year-old man who presented with a cough he had had for 1 month. A computed tomography (CT) scan revealed a polypoid tumor in the membranous portion of the left main bronchus. The tumor showed marked enhancement on the early phase of dynamic contrast-enhanced CT, and it was thought to be a hypervascular tumor. The tumor was carefully resected by a rigid bronchoscope, and the pathological and immunohistochemical findings yielded a diagnosis of glomus tumor. Marked enhancement of early phase dynamic contrast-enhanced CT may be useful for a diagnosis of bronchial glomus tumor.
Lung Cancer 2008 Apr
PMID:Glomus tumor of the left main bronchus. 1790 64

We investigated the relationship between respiratory symptoms reported at one time and incidence of lung cancer the subsequent 30 years in an urban Norwegian population. A cohort of 19,998 persons, aged 15-70 years living in Oslo, was randomly selected for a respiratory survey in 1972. The response-rate was 89% and 17,670 respondents were followed up. The relationship between respiratory symptoms and lung cancer incidence was investigated separately for each symptom group, symptom score and sex, with adjustment for age, smoking habits and occupational exposure. Lung cancer developed in 352 persons (228 men and 124 women) during follow up. We found a significant positive association between the incidence of lung cancer and cough symptoms in both sexes, asthma-like symptoms among women and dyspnoea when walking uphill among men. The relative risk for lung cancer increased with the number of symptoms reported at baseline and was strongest the first decade and decreased with duration of follow up. This association was more pronounced for non-small cell lung cancer than for small cell lung cancer.
Lung Cancer 2008 Apr
PMID:Impact of respiratory symptoms on lung cancer: 30-year follow-up of an urban population. 1795 69

The aim of this study is to compare the prevalence and intensity of symptoms and problems with functioning between women and men with inoperable lung cancer (LC) during 3 months post-diagnosis. One hundred and fifty-nine patients completed the EORTC QLQ C-30+LC13 at three time points: close to diagnosis and prior to treatment, and one, and 3 months later. Descriptive cross-sectional analyses and longitudinal analyses using repeated measure ANOVA were conducted. These patients reported many and intense symptoms and problems with functioning. The most salient finding from the cross-sectional analysis was that women reported both more, and more intense problems with emotional functioning close to diagnosis. Statistically significant improvements over time were found in both men and women with regard to emotional functioning, dyspnea, insomnia, cough, pain in arm/shoulder, while physical functioning, fatigue, constipation, dysphagia, peripheral neuropathy and alopecia deteriorated significantly over time. The longitudinal analyses suggest that, with the exception of emotional functioning, gender differences were not only related to biological sex alone, but were also found to be related to other components of the patients' life situation, such as education, age, civil status and type of LC. Sensitivity to different symptom experiences and responses to those experiences between and within women and men is also necessary in the management of symptoms in patients with inoperable LC.
Lung Cancer 2008 Apr
PMID:Symptoms and problems with functioning among women and men with inoperable lung cancer--a longitudinal study. 1797 59

Bronchopulmonary neuroendocrine tumors (BP-NETs) comprise approximately 20% of all lung cancers and represent a spectrum of tumors arising from neuroendocrine cells of the BP-epithelium. Although they share structural, morphological, immunohistochemical, and ultrastructural features, they are separated into 4 subgroups: typical carcinoid tumor (TC), atypical carcinoid tumor (AC), large-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC), and small-cell lung carcinoma (SCLC), which exhibit considerably different biological characteristics. The clinical presentation includes cough, hemoptysis, and obstructive pneumonia but varies depending on site, size, and growth pattern. Less than 5% of BP-NETs exhibit hormonally related symptoms such as carcinoid syndrome, Cushing, acromegaly, and SIADH. SCLC is the most common BP-NET, while LCNEC is rare, approximately 10% and < or =1%, respectively, of all lung cancers. Both SCLC and LCNEC progress rapidly, are aggressively metastatic, and exhibit a poor prognosis. The incidence of BP-carcinoids (TC and AC) in the US was 1.57 of 100,000 in 2003 (an unexplained and substantial increase over the last 30 years, approximately 6% per year). No curative treatment except for radical surgery (almost never feasible) exists. The slow-growing TC exhibit a fairly good prognosis ( approximately 88%, 5-year survival), whereas AC demonstrate a 5-year survival of approximately 50%, and the highly malignant LCNEC and SCLC5-year survival of 15% to 57% and <5%, respectively. This review provides a broad overview on BP-NETs and focuses on the evolution of the disease, general features, and current diagnostic and therapeutic options.
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PMID:Bronchopulmonary neuroendocrine tumors. 1847 55

The aim of this study was to evaluate the symptomatic and endoscopic responses as well as the toxicities in 158 patients with endobronchial lung cancer treated with high dose rate endobronchial brachytherapy (HDR-EB). Forty-three patients with stage III NSCLC were treated with 60Gy external beam radiotherapy (ERT) and three applications of 5Gy each of HDR-EB (group A). Seventy-four patients who did not receive previous RT were treated with 30Gy ERT and two applications of 7.5Gy HDR-EB with palliative intent (group B). Forty-one patients with recurrent tumor who were irradiated previously were treated with three applications of 7.5Gy HDR-EB, with palliative intent (group C). In group A, bronchoscopic complete (CR) and overall response rates (ORR) were 67% and 86%, respectively. Symptomatic improvement was obtained in 58% of patients with cough, 77% of patients with dyspnea and 100% of patients with hemoptysis. Two and 5-year survival rates were 25.5% and 9.5%, respectively and the median survival time (MST) was 11 months. In group B, the bronchoscopic CR and ORR were 39% and 77%, respectively and 28% and 72% in group C. The symptomatic response rates were 57% and 55% for cough, 90% and 78% for dyspnea and 94% and 77% for hemoptysis, with a MST of 7 and 6 months in Groups B and C, respectively. Eighteen patients (11%) died of fatal hemoptysis (FH) with the median time to this event of 7 months. Treatment intent (p<0.001), total BED (p<0.001) and the number of HDR-EB fractions (p<0.001) were significant prognostic factors for FH. HDR-EB provides effective palliation in relieving the symptoms of patients with endobronchial lung cancer, however, there is a risk of developing FH that is associated with a high BED and multiple HDR-EB applications.
Lung Cancer 2008 Dec
PMID:High dose rate endobronchial brachytherapy in the management of lung cancer: response and toxicity evaluation in 158 patients. 1848 80

We present a case of pyoderma gangrenosum (PG) mimicking a lung carcinoma. A 52-year-old woman presented with an unremitting cough. Computed tomography revealed a cavitating lung lesion. Bronchoscopy and biopsy were interpreted as squamous cell carcinoma. Following a staging mediastinoscopy, a sleeve lobectomy and chest-wall resection was performed. The pulmonary histopathological features suggested Wegener's granulomatosis; no malignancy was found. Three months postoperatively, wound breakdown led to dermatological review. A clinical diagnosis of cutaneous PG was made on the basis of the classic appearance of the surgical wounds and an ulcer on the upper back that had been present before surgery. The patient has been consistently negative for cytoplasmic-staining antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies, which supports the diagnosis of PG with cutaneous and pulmonary involvement. Lung manifestations of PG are rare. PG is amenable to systemic therapy. Pulmonary PG is a rare but important differential diagnosis that is not familiar to many physicians and surgeons in this type of presentation.
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PMID:Pyoderma gangrenosum manifesting as a cavitating lung lesion. 1849 9

A 66-year-old female complained of cough, and was referred to our hospital. Chest radiography and computed tomography (CT) showed a tumor mass near the right hilum and atelectasis of the middle lobe. Bronchoscopy revealed a whitish polypoid tumor obstructing the middle lobe bronchus. Histology by punch biopsy suggested adenocarcinoma Right upper and middle lobectomy was performed, due to the direct invasion of the tumor from the middle lobe to the upper lobe. Histological findings showed adenocarcinoma comprised of spindle cell component, finally diagnosing as pleomorphic carcinoma of the lung. After the operation, systemic chemotherapy, including paclitaxel and carboplatin was performed. About 42 months after operation, the patient died of multiple brain metastases.
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PMID:[Pleomorphic carcinoma of the lung; report of a case]. 1853 5

Pleuropulmonary synovial sarcoma (PPSS) is increasingly recognized as a subtype of sarcoma because of the recent identification of a distinctive chromosomal translocation specific to synovial sarcoma. Soft-tissue synovial sarcoma is far more common than PPSS and typically develops in para-articular locations of the extremities, affects young and middle-aged adults, with no difference in distribution between the sexes, and has well-documented radiologic manifestations. Pleuropulmonary synovial sarcoma can arise in the chest wall, heart, mediastinum, pleura, or lung, and it shares patient demographics and several imaging features with its soft-tissue counterpart. Patients present with a cough, chest pain, or dyspnea. On chest radiographs, PPSS typically appears as a sharply marginated mass with uniform opacity, based in the pleura or in the lung, and often accompanied by an ipsilateral pleural effusion. Computed tomographic images show a well-circumscribed, heterogeneously enhanced lesion without associated involvement of bone and without calcifications (except in the case of a chest wall primary tumor). Magnetic resonance imaging provides superior demonstration of nodular soft tissue and multilocular fluid-filled internal components of PPSS, in addition to peripheral rim enhancement after the intravenous administration of a gadoliniumbased contrast material such as gadopentetate dimeglumine. Current treatment consists of surgical resection followed by chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or both.
Clin Lung Cancer 2008 Sep
PMID:Primary pleuropulmonary synovial sarcoma. 1882 48

Patients affected with early stage (IA-IB) non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), deemed medically inoperable, are usually treated by conventional 3D-CRT, with poor results in terms of local tumour control and survival. Hypofractionated stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) appears to be a valid alternative option, with high rates of local control and promising survival rates according to recent reported series. We herein report the final results of a prospective phase II trial of SBRT in 62 stage I NSCLC patients, homogeneously treated with three fractions of 15Gy each, given every other day during a 1 week time, up to a total dose of 45Gy; dose was prescribed to the 80%-isodose encompassing planning target volume. Patients were immobilized in a dedicated stereotactic body frame; margins around gross tumour volume were 5mm in the axial plane and 10mm in the longitudinal direction. Median age was 73.7 years. A pathologic confirmation of NSCLC was obtained in 64.5% of patients. Forty-three patients had stage IA and 19 stage IB disease. The majority of patients did not experience any toxicity; mild skin reactions, fatigue, dyspnea/cough or transient thoracic pain were recorded in approximately 10% of patients. With a median follow-up time of 28 months, 2 patients experienced an isolated local relapse, 4 an isolated nodal relapse and 15 a systemic failure. At 3 years, local control rate was 87.8%, cancer-specific survival 72.5%, overall survival 57.1%, with 8 out of 20 non-cancer related deaths. In multivariate analysis, tumour volume was associated with a better outcome. In our series, SBRT was well tolerated and confirmed its efficacy, with local control and survival rates globally superior to those reported using conventional radiotherapy. A longer follow-up is needed in order to establish a correct comparison with surgical series, and to fully ascertain a potential negative impact of SBRT on comorbidities of such a fragile patients population.
Lung Cancer 2010 Apr
PMID:Stereotactic body radiation therapy for early stage non-small cell lung cancer: results of a prospective trial. 1955 22

The intrathoracic growth of the tumor causes several severe symptoms as cough, dyspnea, chest pain, hemoptysis, hoarseness, anorexia/nausea, and dysphagia. In patients with manifest or threatening symptoms radiotherapy (RT) as an effective measure should be implemented into the management concept. Palliative RT radiotherapy prefers short hypofractionated schemas (e.g. 10 x 3 Gy, 4 x 5 Gy, 2 x 8 Gy, 1 x 10 Gy). Careful radiation planning supports the precision of palliative RT and reduces significantly the complication rate. A good response and prolonged palliation effects (6-12 months) can be achieved in many cases. However, the minimum biologically equivalent dose should not be less than 35 Gy. RT produces a good outcome in all types of metastases of lung carcinoma. In emergencies like VCSS or spinal cord compression RT should be initiated immediately. The selection of the optimal therapy for locally advanced lung carcinoma with malignant airway obstruction is difficult. Both brachytherapy and percutaneous irradiation are effective, however published results including local a sum of response, functionality and life quality demonstrates more benefit by percutaneous RT. Due to different physical properties of these two methods the combination of brachytherapy and external beam irradiation may be advantageous.
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PMID:Radiotherapy. 1995 3


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