Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0010200 (cough)
 23,843 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Gemcitabine (2'-2'-difluorodeoxycytidine) is a recently developed pyrimidine antagonist that is structurally related to cytarabine (ara-C). When phosphorylated intracellularly, gemcitabine inhibits ribonucleotide reductase and arrests cell cycling in the S phase. Paclitaxel is a potent promoter and stabilizer of microtubule spindle formation and an inhibitor of cell cycling. In this report, we discuss 2 patients with advanced-stage non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated with a combination of gemcitabine/paclitaxel who developed pulmonary symptoms of dyspnea and cough. Chest radiographs and computed tomography revealed diffuse pulmonary infiltrates. Bronchoscopic evaluation revealed diffuse alveolar damage with associated type II pneumocyte hyperplasia without evidence of infection or metastatic carcinoma, suggesting the development of a drug-induced pulmonary toxicity. Both cases improved with the discontinuation of gemcitabine/paclitaxel and with supportive care including steroids in one of the patients. We also review the published case reports of pneumonitis believed to be secondary to the taxanes or gemcitabine when used as single agents and a solitary case report describing pneumonitis in the setting of both a taxane and gemcitabine. Because the combination of gemcitabine/paclitaxel has demonstrated activity in NSCLC, the use of this combination is likely to increase. Clinicians caring for lung cancer patients receiving this combination should be aware of this potential pulmonary toxicity.
Clin Lung Cancer 2002 Jul
PMID:Hypersensitivity pneumonitis in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer patients receiving gemcitabine and paclitaxel: report of two cases and a review of the literature. 1465 77

Previous phase I, II, and III studies on high-dose epirubicin (HDEPI), alone or in combination with cisplatin (CP), indicate an interesting activity of this drug in the treatment of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, the toxicological profile of HDEPI limits its prolonged use. In our experience, vinorelbine (VNR) seems to be a suitable drug for long-term monotherapy for advanced NSCLC. On these grounds, advanced NSCLC patients were treated with the following strategy: 3 consecutive cycles of CP 60 mg/m2 and HDEPI 120 mg/m2 on day 1, every 3 weeks; then, irrespective of response, weekly VNR at a dose of 25 mg/m2 was administered at home. From December 1996 to March 1998, 25 patients entered the study. After receiving 3 cycles of CP/HDEPI, 8 patients (32%) had a partial response and 3 (12%) had a minor response. Nine patients had stable disease (36%) and 4 (16%) had progressive disease. Twenty-three patients received weekly VNR, and the median number of administrations was 10 (range, 1-38). After VNR treatment, we observed a partial response in 2 patients who previously had stable disease. Therefore, the overall response rate to sequential treatment was 40%; median time to progression was 7 months (range, 2-26 months). The major toxicities due to the CP/HDEPI regimen were neutropenia (72%) and alopecia (80%). During the VNR treatment, grade 3/4 neutropenia was seen in 36% of patients. The doses and the timing of VNR administrations were modified according to toxicity. Symptoms such as cough, dyspnea, and pain, present in 21 patients before the treatment, improved in 11 cases (52%). Median overall survival is 9 months (range, 3-40+ months); one patient is still alive after 40 months. One- and 2-year survival rates are, respectively, 44% and 16%. This study confirms the activity of CP/HDEPI in NSCLC and indicates that the sequential treatment of CP/HDEPI for 3 cycles followed by weekly VNR could be considered an effective strategy for locally advanced or metastatic NSCLC.
Clin Lung Cancer 2001 Aug
PMID:Phase II study of sequential treatment of advanced non-small-cell lung cancer: three cycles of high-dose epirubicin plus cisplatin followed by weekly vinorelbine. 1465 90

A 40-year-old woman presented with cough and fever. Chest radiography showed a cavity, due to an aspergilloma growing in a necrotic lung carcinoma.
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PMID:[Diagnostic image (167). A coughing woman with abnormalities on her chest radiogram. Aspergilloma in a necrotic lung carcinoma]. 1467 79

We performed a retrospective analysis of potential prognostic markers in 260 patients with surgically resected stage I and II non small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with a minimum 5-year follow-up. Cox proportional hazard models and Wilcoxon tests were employed to analyze the effect of patient characteristics on survival and disease-free survival (DFS). In the univariate analysis, the following were significant predictors of shorter overall survival: N-stage (N1 vs N0) (p<0.001); T-stage (T2 vs T1) (p<0.001); antigen A (loss vs presence) (p<0.01); cough (present vs absent) (p=0.01); bcl-2 expression (positive vs negative) (p=0.03); age (>63.5 vs <63.5) (p=0.03); mucin (positive vs negative) (p<0.03). The following were significant predictors of shorter DFS: N-stage (p<0.001); T-stage (p=0.001); loss of antigen A (p=0.01); mucin expression (p<0.01); cough (p=0.02); Ki-67 expression (p=0.02) and negative bcl-2 expression (p=0.03). Analysis of survival difference for histologic subtype, degree of differentiation, aneuploidy, %S-phase, codon 12 K-ras mutation, and immunohistochemistry staining for Lewisy, p53, Rb, microvessel count, HER2, E-cadherin and neuroendocrine markers did not reach statistical significance. In multivariate analysis, the following predicted for shorter overall survival: N-stage (p<0.01), antigen A (p=0.01), age (p<0.01), and bcl-2 (p=0.05); and for DFS, N-stage (p<0.01), antigen A (p<0.01), Ki-67 (p=0.03), mucin (p=0.04) and T-stage (p=0.05). Of all the clinical-pathological, proliferative, and biological markers studied, only a few carried independent prognostic significance.
Clin Lung Cancer 1999 Aug
PMID:Prognostic markers in resected stage I and II non small-cell lung cancer: an analysis of 260 patients with 5 year follow-up. 1472 52

Lung carcinoma is the most frequently diagnosed malignancy in the world, with the incidence increasing through the 20th century. Presentation may be as a tumor mass primarily obstructing the central bronchial lumen, or a mass infiltrating lung tissue. Cryosurgery can be used as a method of palliative treatment for both these endobronchial and extrabronchial presentations. The aim of this study is two-fold: to present data relating to our extensive experience in treating obstructing endobronchial tumors and to present our initial results of direct cryosurgery to infiltrating lung tumor masses. During a nine-year period, 521 consecutive patients (male:female ratio 1.8:1) with a mean age of 67.9 years who had advanced obstructive tracheobronchial malignant tumors underwent cryosurgery with a mean of 2.4 treatments per patient. Hemoptysis, cough, dyspnoea and chest pain improved by at least one class in 76.4%, 69.0%, 59.25% and 42.6% (p<0.01) of symptomatic patients respectively. Quality of life studies showed that the mean Karnofsky score improved from 60 +/- 7 to 75 +/- 8 and the mean WHO score from 3.04 +/- 0.7 to 2.20 +/- 0.56. There were 7 (1.2%) in-hospital deaths, and 2-year survival was 15.9%. Direct cryosurgery to carcinoma of the lung was performed on 15 patients at exploratory thoracotomy. Results showed an increase in FEV1 from 1.80 +/- 0.6 liters to 1.95 +/- 0.8 (8.3%) liters and in FVC from 2.50 +/- 0.8 to 2.68 +/- 0.8 liters (7.2%). The Karnofsky score improved from 68 +/- 9 to 78 +/- 10 and the WHO score from 2.63 +/- 0.81 to 2.38 +/- 0.78 (9.6%). Major symptoms including cough, dyspnoea, and hemoptysis were assessed and showed improvement in 77.8%, 66.7%, and 100% (p<0.01) of symptomatic patients respectively. Patients were followed for a mean period of 18 months (range 4-84 months). Median survival from the date of surgery (Kaplan-Meier, 95%Cl) was 11.6 (6.8 to 18.2) months, range 1 to 84 months. Cryosurgery provides a safe and effective method for the palliation of advanced central bronchial obstructive tumors, and compares favorably with other methods in terms of safety, cost, and complications. Initial experience suggests that similar palliation may be achieved by cryosurgery applied to advanced parenchymal tumor masses.
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PMID:Cryosurgery for lung cancer: clinical results and technical aspects. 1505 20

Four new steroidal alkaloids, puqienine A (1), puqienine B (2), N-demethylpuqietinone (3), and puqietinonoside (4), along with a known steroidal alkaloid, puqietinone, were isolated from the bulbs of Fritillaria puqiensis. The structures of these compounds were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic analysis. The compounds exhibited significant antitussive activity on ammonia liquor-induced cough in mice. Furthermore, the compounds were evaluated for activities against A549 human lung carcinoma cell line, BGC-823 human stomach adenocarcinoma cell line, SMMC-7721 human hepatocarcinoma cell line, and HL-60 human promyelocytic leukemia cell line.
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PMID:Steroidal alkaloids from the bulbs of Fritillaria puqiensis. 1573 Feb 59

Two Japanese females complained of cough and bronchorrhea for which chest radiographs showed infiltrate in the lungs. The patients were subsequently diagnosed as having bronchioloalveolar carcinoma by transbronchial lung biopsy. After receiving systemic chemotherapy, their symptoms were slightly improved. A few months later, their bronchorrhea and dyspnea worsened, and they were then treated with gefitinib, a selective epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor. Bronchorrhea and dyspnea were improved within 24 h after treatment with gefitinib where the improvement was evident after 6 h for one patient and 24 h for the other patient. Thereafter, their radiological findings showed gradual improvement. Rapid relief of bronchorrhea preceded the improvement seen by the radiological findings. These observations suggest that gefitinib may inhibit mucin production as well as exert anti-proliferative activity against bronchioloalveolar carcinoma.
Lung Cancer 2005 Jul
PMID:Novel effects of gefitinib on mucin production in bronchioloalveolar carcinoma; two case reports. 1594 98

This case report describes a cat with metastasis of a bronchial adenocarcinoma to the abdominal skin. The cat had been treated with antibiotics and corticosteroids for several episodes of coughing when it acutely developed erythema, pustules and plaques on the abdominal skin. Diagnosis was based on cytological examination of fine-needle aspirates of cutaneous pustules, X-ray examination of the thorax and histological examination of skin biopsy samples. As the prognosis was poor, the cat was euthanased. Necropsy findings confirmed the diagnosis. Cutaneous metastases of lung carcinoma are rare in cats but have been reported in the digits with underlying bone involvement. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report of metastasis of a feline bronchial carcinoma to the ventral skin.
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PMID:Cutaneous metastases of a bronchial adenocarcinoma in a cat. 1596 Jun 32

Hypertrophic osteoarthropathy is an important manifestation of lung carcinoma, particularly in a non-small cell tumor, and hampers quality of life. Although removal of the primary tumor usually resolves this syndrome, effective treatment in patients with advanced lung carcinoma has not been established. Recently, an orally active, selective epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase (EGFR) inhibitor ("Gefitinib") provided clinical anti-tumor activity. We describe a 71-year-old male smoker with cough, who presented with clubbed fingers. A transbronchial lung biopsy (stage T2N3M1-IV) on a cavity lesion in the left lower lobe showed the features of adenocarcinoma, while bone scintigram revealed bilaterally symmetrical abnormal uptakes in the lower extremities, suggesting secondary hypertrophic osteoarthropathy. The serum level of growth hormone was increased to 1.42 ng/ml. Chemotherapy (cisplatin, vinorelbine) was not effective. Gefitinib, as a second-line therapy, induced disappearance of the abnormal accumulation on bone scintigraphy and decrease of the cavity in the lung and of serum growth hormone. The presented case suggests that the EGFR inhibitor might be a promising option for the treatment of hypertrophic osteoarthropathy with advanced lung adenocarcinoma.
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PMID:Successful treatment of hypertrophic osteoarthropathy by gefitinib in a case with lung adenocarcinoma. 1608 Apr 71

Adenosquamous carcinoma of the lung is a rare disease. The biological behavior and clinicopathologic characteristics of this tumor have not been well described. In this study, we retrospectively evaluated 13 patients with adenosquamous carcinoma of the lung diagnosed at our center between January 2001 and May 2004. There were 12 males and 1 female whose ages ranged from 45 to 69 years, with a mean age of 55.9 years. Ten patients were smoker. The most frequent symptoms were chest pain and cough. Bronchoscopic examination detected that tumor was centrally located in four cases and was peripherally located in nine cases. Preoperative pathological diagnosis was squamous cell carcinoma in eight patients, non-small cell lung carcinoma in four patients and adenocarcinoma in one patient. One patient was in pathological stage IA, three patients in stage IB, one patient in stage IIA, two patients in stage IIB, five patients in stage IIIA, and one patient in stage IIIB. Twelve patients underwent resection (six, lobectomy; five, pneumonectomy; one, bilobectomy). Five of 12 patients received adjuvant therapy. Five patients died of disease within 3 and 21 months. Seven patients have had survival time between 9 and 31 months.
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PMID:[Adenosquamous carcinoma of the lung (an analysis of 13 cases)]. 1610 Jun 53


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