Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0010200 (cough)
 23,843 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Chronic cough is defined as a cough that lasts for more than three weeks. More than 90 percent of cases of chronic cough result from five common causes: smoking, post-nasal drip, asthma, gastroesophageal reflux and chronic bronchitis. Although in most patients chronic cough has a single cause, in up to one fourth of patients, multiple disorders contribute to the cough. A stepwise evaluation in patients with chronic cough can minimize the invasiveness and expense of the work-up. Initial screening of patients with chronic cough should search for smoking, occupational exposure to an airway irritant, cough-inducing medications, airway hyperresponsiveness following upper respiratory infection, chronic bronchitis or any systemic symptoms suspicious for serious disease. Patients who are not diagnosed after an initial screening are evaluated or empirically treated in a stepwise fashion for postnasal drip, asthma and reflux. Bronchoscopy is reserved for use in the few patients still without a diagnosis after the previous steps have been completed.
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PMID:Chronic cough. 933 62

Individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) who have an identifiable single-gene neurodevelopmental disorder (NDD), such as fragile X syndrome (FXS, FMR1), Smith-Magenis syndrome (SMS, RAI1), or 2q23.1 deletion syndrome (del 2q23.1, MBD5) share phenotypic features, including a high prevalence of sleep disturbance. We describe the circadian deficits in del 2q23.1 through caregiver surveys in which we identify several frequent sleep anomalies, including night/early awakenings, coughing/snoring loudly, and difficulty falling asleep. We couple these findings with studies on the molecular analysis of the circadian deficits associated with haploinsufficiency of MBD5 in which circadian gene mRNA levels of NR1D2, PER1, PER2, and PER3 were altered in del 2q23.1 lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs), signifying that haploinsufficiency of MBD5 can result in dysregulation of circadian rhythm gene expression. These findings were further supported by expression microarrays of MBD5 siRNA knockdown cells that showed significantly altered expression of additional circadian rhythm signaling pathway genes. Based on the common sleep phenotypes observed in del 2q23.1, SMS, and FXS patients, we explored the possibility that MBD5, RAI1, and FMR1 function in overlapping circadian rhythm pathways. Bioinformatic analysis identified conserved putative E boxes in MBD5 and RAI1, and expression levels of NR1D2 and CRY2 were significantly reduced in patient LCLs. Circadian and mTOR signaling pathways, both associated with sleep disturbance, were altered in both MBD5 and RAI1 knockdown microarray data, overlapping with findings associated with FMR1. These data support phenotypic and molecular overlaps across these syndromes that may be exploited to provide therapeutic intervention for multiple disorders.
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PMID:MBD5 haploinsufficiency is associated with sleep disturbance and disrupts circadian pathways common to Smith-Magenis and fragile X syndromes. 2527 Oct 84

Influenza is associated with a high prevalence of cardiac complications, including myocarditis and exacerbation of ischemic heart disease or heart failure (HF). However, only four cases of stress-induced takotsubo cardiomyopathy (TC), all of them triggered by virus A influenza, have been reported so far. Another two TC cases after anti-influenza vaccination are also available in the literature. The authors describe a new case of TC, this time provoked by influenza B. An 89-year-old female with a history of hypertension and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) was admitted due to a fever (39oC), muscle aches and cough. Pneumonia was excluded in chest X-ray while the test for influenza confirmed virus B infection, so she was given oseltamivir. On the second day of hospitalization, she developed severe HF. ECG showed new negative T waves in inferior and anterolateral leads coexisting with a moderate troponin I and marked brain natriuretic peptide release, while echocardiography revealed left ventricular (LV) apical ballooning with decreased ejection fraction (EF 24%) and global longitudinal strain (GLS -8.1%). Symptomatic treatment of HF was initiated. The symptoms of influenza resolved after 5 days. LV function began to improve after 4 days and became normal after 6 days (EF 58%, GLS -18.1%). Despite an advanced age and the coexisting disorders (COPD, mild cognitive impairment, possible neoplastic disease), the patient was discharged in stable clinical condition on day 10. The authors conclude that in the evaluation of cardiac complications of influenza, TC should be taken into account.
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PMID:Takotsubo cardiomyopathy triggered by influenza B. 3024 Mar 71

In the United States, an epidemic of unusual and severe lung disease associated with the use of e-cigarettes, or vaping, began in spring 2019. By fall 2019, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention had received reports of e-cigarette or vaping product use-associated lung injury (EVALI) cases from all state health departments in the continental US, Hawaii, and the US Virgin Islands. According to the cases, a number of young people had developed severe lung disease characterized by marked shortness of breath and cough. Constitutional and gastrointestinal symptoms are common. Clinical laboratory test results in EVALI are often consistent with nonspecific findings of pulmonary/systemic inflammation. Many reported cases of EVALI have required critical care interventions including noninvasive positive airway pressure, cardiotonic pressors, and intubation/mechanical ventilation. The need for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support has been reported in some cases. The lung disease is diffuse and has multiple pathologies. Patients are often treated with intravenous or oral corticosteroids with clinical improvement, although the natural history of the disease remains unknown. In rare cases, the outcome is fatal. This article reviews the epidemiology, clinical presentation, radiographic appearance, diagnostic approach, and treatment regimens for patients with vaping-induced lung disease as noted in multiple patients and the current literature. [Pediatr Ann. 2020;49(2):e93-e98.].
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PMID:Lung Injury Associated with E-Cigarette or Vaping Product Use. 3204 89

Covid-19 is a disease caused by a new coronavirus presenting a variability of flu-like symptoms including fever, cough, myalgia and fatigue; in severe cases, patients develop pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, sepsis and septic shock, that can result in their death. This infection, which was declared a global epidemic by the World Health Organization, is particularly dangerous for dialysis patients, as they are frail and more vulnerable to infections due to the overlap of multiple pathologies. In patients with full-blown symptoms, there is a renal impairment of various degrees in 100% of the subjects observed. However, as Covid-19 is an emerging disease, more work is needed to improve prevention, diagnosis and treatment strategies. It is essential to avoid nosocomial spread; in order to control and reduce the rate of infections it is necessary to strengthen the management of medical and nursing personnel through the early diagnosis, isolation and treatment of patients undergoing dialysis treatment. We cover here a series of recommendations for the treatment of dialysis patients who are negative to the virus, and of those who are suspected or confirmed positive.
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PMID:[Covid-19 in patients on dialysis: infection prevention and control strategies]. 3228 57