Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0010200 (cough)
 23,843 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A 34-year-old housewife presented to a hospital because of dry cough. Her chest radiograph showed bilateral multiple nodular lesions. Smaller but similar lesions had been seen on the chest radiograph 2 years earlier. Because the tissue taken during a trans bronchial biopsy was non-diagnostic, open lung biopsy was done and the diagnosis was pulmonary metastasis of alveolar soft part sarcoma. The primary tumor was found in her left calf by MRI. Malignant tumors are important for differential diagnosis of slow-growing multiple pulmonary nodules, and in some cases MRI is useful for finding the primary site.
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PMID:[A case of alveolar soft part sarcoma found by pulmonary metastasis]. 773 Nov 26

A 69-year-old woman was diagnosed to have type 2 advanced esophageal carcinoma measuring Im 9 cm by X-ray and endoscopic examination. CT scan revealed much swelling of No. 106 and 9 lymph nodes. As the patient had dry cough and these lymph nodes, we tried neoadjuvant chemotherapy for reduction of metastatic lymph nodes. The regimen consisted of CDDP 80 mg/m2 (day 1), 5-FU 800 mg/m2 (day 1-4, continuous). After 2 courses, an operation was performed. Histopathological examination of the section of the primary tumor revealed that only a few cancer cells nests (sq. c.c., mod.) remained in the muscle layer. In 41 dissected lymph nodes, 12 lymph nodes had metastatic cancer cell nests before neoadjuvant chemotherapy and only 4 lymph nodes had a few remaining cancer cells nests. The effect of CDDP + 5-FU therapy is the same for primary tumor and lymph nodes.
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PMID:[A case report of an advanced esophageal carcinoma treated by neoadjuvant chemotherapy (CDDP + 5-FU) and evaluation of effect on metastatic lymph nodes]. 837 78

Endobronchial metastasis (EM) from nonpulmonary tumors is uncommon. A 9-year retrospective study at the University Hospital Vall d'Hebron (Barcelona, Spain) identified 32 patients with EM. All but four cases were diagnosed by fiberoptic bronchoscopy with bronchial biopsy. Primary tumors included the following types: breast cancer (20), colorectal cancer (3), melanoma (2), gastric cancer (1), neuroblastoma of the olfactory nerve (1), abdominal leiomyosarcoma (1), hypernephroma (1), endometrial carcinoma (1), papillary thyroid cancer (1), and hepatocarcinoma (1). Median age at diagnosis of EM was 58.7 years and median interval from the diagnosis of the primary tumor to the diagnosis of EM was 50.4 months. Seventeen patients (53%) had evidence of other metastatic sites at endobronchial relapse. The more common clinical manifestations included cough (37.5%), haemoptysis (28%), dyspnea (18.7%), and recurrent pulmonary infections (6.2%). Eight patients (25%) had no symptoms. There appears to be a predilection for metastatic involvement of the right and left upper lobe bronchus. Treatment was instituted in 20 patients, and their median survival was 11 months, in comparison with the 3 months found in 12 patients who received only palliative therapy because of advanced disseminated disease. Breast cancer is the most common tumor causing EM. The prognosis of patients with EM depends on the type of the primary tumor and the presence of other metastatic sites. Treatment must be individualized.
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PMID:Endobronchial metastatic disease: analysis of 32 cases. 869 37

A 69-year-old male was admitted to our hospital because of dry cough. Chest X-P and CT scans showed a mass shadow in the right lung, thickening of pulmonary vessels and pleural effusion. Cytological examination of transbronchial brushing specimen revealed lung adenocarcinoma. Cancer cells were also detected in pleural effusion. High levels of CA 19.9 were noticed: 48,400 U/ml in serum and 395,000 U/ml in pleural effusion, respectively. Two courses of combined chemotherapy (CDDP + VDS) were done. Concurrent chest radiation therapy (40 Gy) to primary tumor was also performed. After treatment the primary tumor decreased in size on CT scan analysis, but the patient suffered from respiratory failure due to the increase of sputa and pleural effusion and died 104 days after admission.
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PMID:[A case of lung adenocarcinoma associated with remarkably high levels of CA 19-9 and lymphangitis carcinomatosa]. 902 Sep 51

This synthesis of the literature on radiotherapy for lung cancer is based on 80 scientific articles, including 2 meta-analyses, 29 randomized studies, 19 prospective studies, and 21 retrospective studies. These studies involve 28172 patients. Basic treatment for limited-stage small cell lung cancer (SCLC), is chemotherapy. Addition of radiotherapy to the primary tumor and mediastinum reduces local recurrence, prolongs long-term survival, and is often indicated. Current, and future, studies can be expected to show successive improvements in results for SCLC by optimizing the combination of radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Should these treatments be given simultaneously or sequentially, and in which order? Which fractionation is best? Probably, no change in resource requirements for radiotherapy will be necessary, with the possible exception of changes in fractionation. Surgery constitutes primary treatment for nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) stages I and II. Radiotherapy may provide an alternative for patients who are inoperable for medical reasons. The value of radiotherapy following radical surgery for NSCLC remains to be shown. It is not indicated based on current knowledge. For NSCLC stage III, radiotherapy shrinks tumors and prolongs survival at 2 and 3 years. Whether it influences long-term survival after 5 years has not been shown. Considering the side effects of treatment, one must question whether limited improvements in survival motivate routine radiotherapy in these patients. Earlier attempts to add chemotherapy to radiotherapy to improve treatment results of NSCLC have not yielded convincing results. Several studies are currently on-going. Prophylactic cranial irradiation (PCI) greatly reduces the risk for brain metastases from SCLC. However, it has little influence on survival. Many treatment centers give PCI to SCLC patients who have achieved complete remission. This practice may be questioned since PCI is associated with serious complications. PCI is not indicated in patients with NSCLC. In SCLC, where the disease is extensive, only palliative radiotherapy is appropriate. Radiotherapy is an important treatment alternative in special palliative situations involving severe cough, severe bleeding, pain, pulmonary obstructions, and vena cava superior syndrome. In these situations, good results may be achieved with few fractions.
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PMID:Lung cancer. 915 94

A 75-year-old man with a history of resected colon carcinoma presented to his primary care physician because of a new onset of coughing. The patient had expectorated a small piece of solid tissue; pathologic examination of the tissue found it to be consistent with metastatic colon adenocarcinoma. After further work-up, a right upper lobectomy was performed. The surgical specimen removed during the lobectomy showed a tumor that was histologically identical to the patient's prior colonic primary tumor.
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PMID:An unusual presentation of metastatic colon cancer to the lung. 944 Jun

We report the case of a 36-year-old, previously healthy male patient presenting with progressive shortness of breath and dry cough. Chest X-ray revealed a diffuse micronodular interstitial pattern and pulmonary function tests showed reduced diffusion capacity, a restrictive pattern and obstructive airflow limitation. Transbronchial biopsy disclosed lymphangiosis carcinomatosa. The primary tumor was adenocarcinoma of the stomach. Differential diagnosis and the diagnostic approach to interstitial lung diseases are discussed. History, clinical findings, radiological and functional tests, as well as blood chemistry, serve to narrow down the differential diagnosis. The main further investigative steps are bronchoscopy with broncho-alveolar lavage and transbronchial biopsies, high resolution computer tomography, and thoracoscopic biopsy.
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PMID:[Complex differential diagnosis of diffuse fine nodular lung infiltrates]. 957 73

Primary pulmonary melanoma is a very rare disease, with only 19 cases previously reported in the English language literature. These cases suggest that melanoma can arise in the lung as a primary tumor, probably from residual melanoblasts. Primary pulmonary melanoma is frequently endobronchial and often manifests with symptoms of cough, hemoptysis, and lobar collapse. Aggressive surgical resection, irrespective of lymph node involvement, offers possible long-term survival in some patients. The diagnosis of primary pulmonary melanoma necessitates that both clinical and histologic criteria be fulfilled. Herein diagnostic criteria are proposed, and the diagnostic approach is discussed.
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PMID:Primary pulmonary melanoma: case report and literature review. 998 35

A rare case of malignant fibrous histiocytoma of giant cell type originating in the lung of a 46-year-old woman is presented. The patient complained of having a cough that had lasted for a few weeks. A chest X-ray photograph showed a tumor shadow on the left lung. Histological and cytological examination of the biopsy specimen revealed that the tumor was a kind of sarcoma. An operative procedure was selected because of tumor invasion into the trunk of the left pulmonary artery, which was discovered on computed tomography examination, and because metastatic tumor was excluded clinically. The tumor was almost encapsulated and 6 x 6 x 6 cm in size; however, it also showed invasion into the pulmonary artery and bronchial lumen. A histological survey of the tumor showed a wide range of patterns such as fibrous, pleomorphic, fascicular and osteoclast-like giant cell figures; however, the osteoclast-like giant cell area was predominant. Immunohistochemically, the tumor cells were positive for vimentin, CD68 for histiocytic marker and alpha1-antichymotrypsin, and negative for keratin, epithelial membrane antigen, S-100 protein, MT-1, desmin, myoglobin and lysosome. No primary tumor was found clinically in any part of the patient's body at 2 and 4 months after operation. Consequently, she was diagnosed as having primary giant cell malignant fibrous histiocytoma of the lung.
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PMID:Primary giant cell malignant fibrous histocytoma of the lung: a case report. 1036 55

JM216 is an orally administered platinum analogue. We undertook this study to determine the maximally tolerated dose (MTD) of JM216 when administered with concomitant radiotherapy to the chest (200 cGy daily, 5 x/week) in patients with locoregionally advanced non-small cell lung (NSCLC) or esophageal cancer. Patients were excluded for inadequate bone marrow reserve, prior radiotherapy to the primary tumor or previous treatment with platinum drugs. A dose-limiting toxicity (DLT) was defined using the National Cancer Institute (NCI) Common Toxicity Criteria (CTC) and consisted of grade > or = 2 renal, hepatic, cardiac, or pulmonary toxicity or grade > or = 3 hematologic, neurological, or gastrointestinal toxicity. A total of 23 patients were registered; two never received treatment and are excluded from analyses. Six patients were treated at a dose of 30 mg/m2/day for 5 days with two grade 2 DLT's: cough (1 pt) and elevated trans-aminases (1 pt). Seven evaluable patients were treated at 60 mg/m2/day and seven experienced grade 3 or 4 toxicity, five related to myelosuppression. The dose was then reduced to 45 mg/m2/d. Eight patients were evaluable for toxicity, of which 5 experienced DLT: myelosuppression (3 pts), esophagitis (2 pts), dyspnea (1 pt), and elevated creatinine (1 pt). Fourteen patients were evaluable for efficacy, of which 6 had an objective response, including one complete response. The recommended phase II dose of JM216 with concurrent radiation therapy is 30 mg/m2/d for 5 days. The major DLT is myelosuppression with only limited increased toxicity within the field of radiation. This conceivably may limit the use of JM216 as a radiation sensitizer.
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PMID:A phase I trial of the oral platinum analogue JM216 with concomitant radiotherapy in advanced malignancies of the chest. 1156 89


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