Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0010200 (cough)
 23,843 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Acute asthma is considered a complication of respiratory viral infections. This investigation assessed the effects of influenza A virus infection on both the patency and responsiveness of the lower airways. Subjects with allergic rhinitis (AR; n = 21) and without AR (non-AR; n = 25) were intranasally inoculated with influenza A virus and monitored for 8 d in a cloistered environment for changes in symptoms, signs, and airway physiology (pulmonary function, bronchial methacholine provocation). All subjects were infected after inoculation. Significant increases in nasal symptoms and secretion weights were observed, with peak effects on Days 3 and 4. Cough was a relatively minor symptom, and none of the subjects developed wheezing. Likewise, there were no significant changes in the measured functions of the lower airways. No effects on allergy status were observed. Under these experimental conditions, influenza A virus infection did not produce detectable alterations in lower airway function in health AR and non-AR subjects.
 ...
PMID:Lower airway responses to influenza A virus in healthy allergic and nonallergic subjects. 881 Jun 2

Acute asthma is considered to be a complication of respiratory viral infections. This investigation assessed the effects of rhinovirus 39 (RV-39) infection both on the patency and responsiveness of the lower airways. Subjects with allergic rhinitis (AR; n = 50) and without AR (non-AR; n = 46) were intranasally inoculated with RV-39, and monitored for 8 days in an enclosed environment for changes in symptoms, signs, and airway physiology (pulmonary function, bronchial methacholine provocation). All subjects were infected postinoculation. Significant increases in nasal symptoms and secretion weights were observed, with peak effects on days 2-3. Cough was a relatively minor symptom and none of the subjects developed wheezing. Likewise, there were no significant changes in the measured functions of the lower airways. No allergy status effects were observed. Under these experimental conditions, rhinovirus 39 infection did not produce detectable alterations in lower airway function in healthy subjects with and without allergic rhinitis.
 ...
PMID:Lower airway responses to rhinovirus 39 in healthy allergic and nonallergic subjects. 883 50

Acute asthma is characterized by acute air way obstruction episodes presented as short breath, increased coughing, wheezing and difficult breathing, reversible with bronchodilator. It constitutes one of the most frequent causes of pediatric ER visits whose diagnosis and treatment is not always adequate. It is necessary to carry out a complete medical history searching for the number of previous attacks, risk factors, associated illnesses, triggers, prior hospitalizations, preventive and maintenance treatment used, along with a complete physical examination. During the management of moderate-severe attacks frequent systematic assessments are required to ensure treatment response. In children above 5 years old, monitoring of expiratory peak flow (EPF) during mild-moderate attacks is recommended. In general, a national consensus to classify and treat acute asthma in emergency services does not exist for which the need to develop a clinical practice guide of diagnosis and management arises.
 ...
PMID:[Diagnosis and treatment in the emergency room of acute asthma in childhood]. 2087 53

Acute asthma attacks (asthma exacerbations) are increasing episodes of shortness of breath, cough, wheezing or chest tightness associated with a decrease in airflow that can be quantified and monitored by measurement of lung function (peak expiratory flow (PEF) or forced expiratory volume in the 1st second) and requiring emergency room treatment or admission to hospital for acute asthma and/or systemic glucocorticosteroids for management. The goals of treatment are to relieve hypoxaemia and airflow obstruction as quickly as possible, restore lung function, and provide a suitable plan to avoid relapse. Severe exacerbations are potentially life-threatening and their treatment requires baseline assessment of severity, close monitoring, and frequent reassessment using objective measures of lung function (PEF) and oxygen saturation. Patients at high risk of asthma-related death require particular attention. First-line therapy consists of oxygen supplementation, repeated administration of inhaled short-acting bronchodilators (beta-2-agonists and ipratropium bromide), and early systemic glucocorticosteroids. Intravenous magnesium sulphate and aminophylline are second- and third-line treatment strategies, respectively, for poorly responding patients. Intensive care is indicated for severe asthma that is not responsive to first-line treatment. Antibiotics are only indicated when there are definite features of bacterial infection. Factors that precipitated the acute asthma episode should be identified and preventive measures implemented. Acute asthma is preventable with optimal control of chronic asthma.
 ...
PMID:Guideline for the management of acute asthma in adults: 2013 update. 2397 Nov 5

Asthma affects more than 300 million people worldwide and its prevalence is still rising. Acute asthma attacks are characterized by severe symptoms such as breathlessness, wheezing, tightness of the chest, and coughing, which may lead to hospitalization or death. Besides the acute symptoms, asthma is characterized by persistent airway inflammation and airway wall remodeling. The term airway wall remodeling summarizes the structural changes in the airway wall: epithelial cell shedding, goblet cell hyperplasia, hyperplasia and hypertrophy of the airway smooth muscle (ASM) bundles, basement membrane thickening and increased vascular density. Airway wall remodeling starts early in the pathogenesis of asthma and today it is suggested that remodeling is a prerequisite for other asthma pathologies. The beneficial effect of bronchial thermoplasty in reducing asthma symptoms, together with the increased potential of ASM cells of asthmatics to produce inflammatory and angiogenic factors, indicate that the ASM cell is a major effector cell in the pathology of asthma. In the present review we discuss the ASM cell and its role in airway wall remodeling and angiogenesis.
...
PMID:The Three A's in Asthma - Airway Smooth Muscle, Airway Remodeling & Angiogenesis. 2610 55

Asthma affects about 300 million people globally and accounts for 1 in every 250 deaths in the world. Approximately 12 million people in the United States each year experience an acute exacerbation of their asthma, a quarter of which require hospitalization. Acute asthma should be differentiated from poor asthma control. Patients with acute asthma will exhibit increasing shortness of breath, chest tightness, coughing, and/or wheezing. In contrast, poor asthma control typically presents with a diurnal variability in airflow and is a characteristic that is usually not seen during an acute exacerbation. The history should include a review of comorbidities, adherence to medications, previous episodes of near-fatal asthma, and whether the patient has experienced multiple emergency department visits or hospitalizations, particularly those requiring admission to an intensive care unit involving respiratory failure, intubation, and mechanical ventilation. Patient education is important to ensure that the patient understands that asthma is mostly a chronic disease and necessitates the avoidance of allergens, prevention of infections, adherence with routine vaccinations, management of comorbid conditions, and adherence to treatment regimens. This article is a structured review of the available literature regarding the diagnosis and management of acute asthma.
 ...
PMID:Acute asthma, prognosis, and treatment. 2755 11