Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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 23,843 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The cost of medications affects patient compliance with treatment regimes, and it is of prime importance for poor patients and children. The knowledge of the cost of prescription drugs was studied with the participation of 81 respondents: 18 senior medical students, 11 junior and 23 postgraduate students in pediatrics, 6 pediatric faculty members, and 12 private pediatricians and general practitioners. A questionnaire contained 10 preparations by generic name; and brand name, unit size, and cost of preparations prescribed regularly by the respondents had to be named. The drugs were categorized as commonly used drugs, infrequently used drugs, and non-drugs. The answers on cost were evaluated as correct (within 25% of correct price), underestimated, overestimated, and no-response. After a preliminary analysis interns and junior postgraduates as well as pediatric faculty and private physicians were grouped together. A statistically significant (p.001) improvement of the level of knowledge of drug prices with increasing experience was found: ampicillin, hematinics, and cough syrup prices were better known than the prices of infrequently prescribed drugs (valproic acid, MMR vaccine). Correct responses were 10.6% for medical students, 19.6% for interns and junior postgraduates, 33.5% for senior postgraduates, and 62.2% for pediatricians and general practitioners. 74% of senior medical students had no idea of the prices of most drugs. It is proposed that the prices of medications should be discussed during undergraduate and postgraduate training, as there are huge differences between the costs of different brands listed in the Indian Pharmaceutical Guide, and patients are entitled to the lowest cost drug possible.
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PMID:Knowledge of prescribers regarding cost of pediatric medications. 236 48

Measles are a systemic infectious disease caused by a single stranded ribonucleic acid virus (measles virus) from the paramyxovirus family. Typically, the disease is characterized by a two-phase course. After an average incubation period of 8 to 11 days, initial symptoms such as fever, cough, coryza and conjunctivitis appear. Two thirds of the patients shows a white-marked enanthema on the buccal mucosa (Koplik's spots). After disappearance of these symptoms, a second increase of temperature and the typical measles exanthema, a brownish-red maculopapular rash, appear. Infection with measles virus induces transient immunodeficiency that favours the formation of several complications. Some of them, e. g. encephalitic diseases, are severe and associated with a high mortality. Measles are world-wide distributed and belong to the ten most frequent infectious diseases in some less developed countries. The disease is associated with a high mortality in some African and South-East Asian countries, in particular in children aged less than 12 months. Of particular note, measles are the most important cause of blindness in children in population with borderline vitamin A status. In Germany, the number of reported measles cases has been declined dramatically since the introduction of a vaccine more than four decades ago. However, regional outbreaks or small epidemics still occur. Because there is no specific antiviral treatment, therapy of measles is symptomatic and depends on the manifestation of the disease. The most important prevention strategy is immunization with a life-attenuated vaccine that can be applied as monovaccination or in combination with mumps and rubella virus (MMR vaccination) or mumps, rubella and varicella virus (MMRV vaccination).
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PMID:[Measles]. 1944 68