Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0010200 (cough)
 23,843 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The relationship between sinusitis and status asthmaticus (SA) remains obscure. The purposes of this study were to determine the prevalence of abnormal sinus radiographs (SXRs) and investigate possible risk factors among unselected children admitted with SA. Eighty-eight patients over 2 years of age (range 2 to 16 years) consecutively admitted with SA were studied. The principal investigator, blinded to SXR findings, interviewed and examined the patients with respect to 10 physical parameters and 14 historical parameters. Two staff radiologists, blinded to the clinical findings, interpreted the SXRs. Relationship of historical and physical findings with positive SXRs was determined by statistical analysis. Twenty-seven percent of patients were found to have abnormal SXRs, manifesting two thirds or greater opacification of the sinuses. The mean age, sex, and race of patients with abnormal SXRs was not significantly different from those with normal films. A history of two or more admissions per year for SA, and, in children under 5 years of age, a history of chronic otitis media, and the physical finding of otitis media were significantly more frequent among patients with abnormal SXRs. Although not found to be statistically significant, a history of sinusitis and cough occurred more frequently in association with abnormal SXRs.
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PMID:Sinusitis in status asthmaticus. 787 23

A 6-year-old boy was scheduled for adenoidectomy and bilateral myringotomy. The main features of his case history were chronic otitis media, bronchial asthma and signs and symptoms of upper respiratory tract infection (persistent runny nose and cough, occasionally with fever). Immediately after tracheal intubation we observed that the right side of the chest failed to rise with inspiration; breathing sounds were absent on the right and hypoxemia developed. A chest film taken in the operating room revealed upper right lobe atelectasis. Surgery was postponed and tracheobronchial lavage was performed with fiberoptic bronchoscopy and aspiration of mucous plugs. Upper airway infections are a common problem in children and increase the risk of respiratory complications during anesthesia. Patients with upper respiratory tract symptoms present a dilemma, and consensus about how to deal with such situations is lacking. We review the literature, discuss the anesthetic implications of upper airway infections, and suggest a two-phase approach for cases such as we report: first myringotomy using general anesthesia and a face mask, and second, once the upper airway infection has resolved, adenoidectomy with general anesthesia and tracheal intubation.
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PMID:[Pulmonary atelectasis during anesthesia in a boy with upper respiratory tract infection]. 1133 10

A 54-year-old man was admitted to our hospital because of a headache, dry cough, low grade fever and hearing loss sustained for 6 months. Physical and neurological examinations revealed bilateral conjunctival hyperemia, fine crackles in the lower lungs, cutaneous scars, horizontal gaze evoked nystagmus, bilateral moderate sensorineural deafness and mild hyperreflexia. Hypertrophic intracranial pachymeningitis (HIP) accompanied by episcleritis, pulmonary fibrosis, subcutaneous fibrosis of the trunk and upper limbs, bilateral chronic otitis media and sinusitis of the paranasal cavities were observed. Histopathological investigation of biopsied tissues from the dura matter, lung, skin and nasal mucosa showed marked fibrosis with lymphocyte and plasma cell infiltrations. The diagnosis of multifocal fibrosclerosis (MF) was made; this is a rare syndrome of unknown etiology characterized by fibrosis involving multiple organ systems. Although steroid pulse therapy and cyclophosphamide (CP) pulse therapy was not effective in his illnesses, the combination therapy of corticosteroid and oral CP was dramatically effective. We concluded that HIP can be a manifestation of MF, and additional oral CP should be considered as a treatment for steroid-resistant MF with HIP.
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PMID:[Oral cyclophosphamide therapy for multifocal fibrosclerosis with hypertrophic intracranial pachymeningitis]. 1661 37

The syndrome of constant otorrhea, headache, and diplopia, which is attributed to inflammation of the petrous apex, is known as Gradenigo's syndrome. It is often the result of chronic otitis media with long-standing purulent otorrhea. It has traditionally been treated surgically, but recent advances in imaging, allied with improved antibiotic treatment, have allowed for consideration of non-surgical management of these cases. A 60-year-old woman presented to the emergency department with 7 days of right-sided headache, facial pain, and diplopia. She awoke with the headache and facial pain 7 days earlier. She was without any preceding infectious symptoms including ear pain, sinus congestion, sore throat, and cough, and she denied fevers and chills. Examination demonstrated a right eye lateral gaze palsy and reproducible diplopia. Computed tomography studies demonstrated the possibility of fluid in the petrous apex of the temporal bone. A follow-up magnetic resonance imaging study confirmed a moderate amount of fluid in the right petrous apex consistent with Gradenigo's syndrome. Imaging with computed tomography and magnetic resonance is an important tool in the evaluation of petrous apex lesions. Gradenigo's syndrome is a rare condition that does not always present with the classical triad of otorrhea, headache, and diplopia. Appropriate management requires antibiotic treatment and possible surgical intervention.
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PMID:Gradenigo's syndrome. 1829 9

Secondhand smoke (SHS) is commonplace in South Dakota. It is casually linked to an increased incidence and severity of childhood and adult asthma; lower respiratory tract infections; symptoms of cough, wheeze, phlegm; acute and chronic otitis media; sudden infant death syndrome; cancers; prematurity; and cardiovascular disease. At this time, the development of specific allergy cannot be causally linked. As there is no risk-free level of secondhand smoke, tobacco smoking cessation is the only effective treatment and should be actively pursued at every opportunity.
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PMID:The impact of secondhand smoke on children: respiratory and other medical concerns. 1936 88

Allergic rhinitis (AR) is the most common immunologic disease in industrialized societies and has a significant impact on quality of life. Most asthmatics also have rhinitis. AR may present with comorbidities, including chronic otitis media with effusion, cough, and pollen-food cross-reactivity. AR may occur in isolation or be part of a mixed rhinitis.
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PMID:Diagnosing Allergic Rhinitis. 2708

BACKGROUND Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is a rare genetic disease associated with abnormalities in the structure and function of cilia. The common clinical presentation of PCD is characterized by otitis media, chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS), chronic bronchitis, and infertility due to impaired ciliary motility. PCD is a complex disease and its diagnosis is complicated. However, there are some clinical features that are strong indicators of PCD, namely situs inversus, chronic otitis media, CRS, and chronic bronchitis with wet cough. CASE REPORT A 49-year-old male who had already received 3 operations for refractory CRS presented with nasal discharge, post nasal discharge, and chronic wet cough. Since childhood, he had suffered from otitis media, rhinosinusitis, and bronchitis. He also had a family history of CRS. He was diagnosed as having male infertility at another hospital, but the details were unknown. We performed a fourth surgery and obtained the nasal mucosa for electron microscope analysis during the operation. The transmission electron microscopic findings of the nasal cilia revealed several abnormalities in structure including a central complex defect, microtubular disorganization, and an inner dynein arm defect. Based on these findings and clinical courses, we made the definitive diagnosis of PCD. CONCLUSIONS When faced with refractory CRS cases with characteristic clinical symptoms that are associated with otitis media, chronic bronchitis, and infertility, clinicians should consider the possibility of PCD.
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PMID:Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia with Refractory Chronic Rhinosinusitis. 3286 91