Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0010200 (cough)
 23,843 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A 73-year-old male was admitted with dyspnea and cough. The chest X-ray showed left massive pleural effusion and diffuse pleural tumor in the left thorax. It was diagnosed as epithelial-cell type mesothelioma by pleural needle biopsy. After conforming the regression of the tumor from conducting two courses of combined treatment with cisplatin and doxorubicin, panpleuropneumonectomy was performed. He died from sepsis on the thirty second day after operation due to complication of postoperative diaphragmatic hernia and gastric perforation. When conducting a panpleuropneumonectomy to diffuse pleural mesothelioma, the most appropriate approach must be taken to the combined with resection and reconstruction of the diaphragma.
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PMID:[A case of panpleuropneumonectomy for diffuse pleural mesothelioma]. 974 27

Umbilical hernia is common in African children and accounts for 8.7% of pediatric external abdominal hernias in the Department of Surgery at Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital, Zaria, Nigeria. The condition develops from failure of the fresh umbilical wound or weak scar to withstand the stress of raised intra-abdominal pressure associated with coughing, vomiting, or defecation in early life. Umbilical hernia is remarkably free from complications, with the most common being incarceration. 3 Nigerian infants who presented to the hospital between 1983 and 1996 with spontaneous rupture of an umbilical hernia are described. In 2 cases, hernias developed during the neonatal period following umbilical sepsis. Rupture occurred at ages 2 and 3 months, respectively, and was probably precipitated by raised intra-abdominal pressure resulting from excessive crying. The third child had a large, ulcerated umbilical hernia which ruptured at age 10 months and was precipitated by damage to the overlying skin. All cases were treated successfully.
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PMID:Spontaneous rupture of infantile umbilical hernia: report of three cases. 992 62

Transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI) is a second most serious complication of the blood transfusion. It is a group of symptoms and signs such as dyspnoea, hypotension, cyanosis, cough, elevated temperature, fever and lung oedema that usually develops within an hour or two after transfusion. The full stage clinical presentation is developed between 4th and 6th hours after transfusion. The syndrome is caused by leucoagglutinins or by other lymphocytotoxic antibodies specific for some antigens present on the donor's leukocytes. Alveoles of the lung are the main place of the pathological changes such as intra-alveolar oedema, haemorrhage, hyaline membrane formation, alveolar cell hypertrophy and scant interstitial inflammation. Chest X-ray showed bilateral pulmonary infiltrates but without vascular congestion and with normal cardiac silhouette comparing to the status before transfusion. The syndrome has to be distinquished from pulmonary oedema caused by acute cardial insufficiency, overhydration, trauma and sepsis.
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PMID:[Acute lung injury related to blood transfusion]. 1143 32

Health workers should assess all children with a cough or difficult breathing for pneumonia. They should refer any child with severe pneumonia to a hospital for admission. At the hospital, a distinction is usually made between severe or very severe pneumonia among children 2 months to 5 years old. Signs or symptoms unique to very severe pneumonia are cyanosis and inability to drink. If a child has these signs and has convulsions, hospital personnel should consider a lumbar puncture to check for meningitis. Chest indrawing may also be present in very severe pneumonia cases. Chest indrawing in children with no cyanosis who are able to drink constitutes severe pneumonia. Health workers need to look for a variety of nonspecific signs of severe or very severe pneumonia in babies younger than 2 months: not feeding well, convulsions, abnormally sleepy, fever (38 degrees Celsius), fast breathing (=or+ 60 breast/minute), cyanosis, grunting, or apnea. These signs are also signs for meningitis or sepsis in young infants. Treatment for all 3 conditions is benzylpenicillin plus gentamicin for at least 14 days. Oxygen treatment is also indicated for these young infants. Treatment for both severe and very severe pneumonia cases includes oxygen and an antibiotic (benzylpenicillin and chloramphenicol, respectively). Hospitals should have in stock at all times essential antibiotics (benzylpenicillin, cloxacillin, chloramphenicol, and gentamicin) and an oxygen supply (oxygen cylinder or oxygen concentrator). When the oxygen supply is limited, children with very severe pneumonia should be the priority. Oxygen needs to be delivered at a flow rate of 1-2 liters/minute via nasal prongs or a nasal catheter. Admitted pneumonia cases with fever (39 degrees Celsius) should receive paracetamol to treat the fever. Hospital workers need to keep the airway of pneumonia cases clear and to encourage them to drink and/or breast feed.
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PMID:Managing pneumonia. 1229 68

A 88-year-old woman, who had lived in a nursing home, was admitted to our hospital because of the suspicion of pulmonary tuberculosis. She had a cough, fever and diarrhea on admission. She suffered from sepsis because Listeria monocytogenes was isolated from only the blood culture twice. We immediately administered imipenem/cilastatin to her on admission. She simultaneously had pulmonary non-tuberculous mycobacterial infection because the chest roentgenogram showed a cavity in the right upper lung field and Mycobacterium intracellulare was isolated from the sputum many times. She was treated with isoniazid, rifampicin and clarithromycin for the pulmonary non-tuberculous mycobacterial infection. Her condition improved soon after the administration of IPM/CS but a low grade fever and cough persisted. L. monocytogenes and M. intracellulare are important pathogens in the elderly because cell-mediated immunity mainly works as host defenses against both organisms.
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PMID:[An elderly case with Listeria monocytogenes sepsis and pulmonary non-tuberculous mycobacterial infection]. 1260 49

Reported here is a case of microsporidiasis that occurred in an acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML)-M3 patient who underwent chemotherapy. Fever, cough, expectorate and dyspnea were observed during the therapy. Since this case was considered as adult respiratory distress syndrome due to the chest X-ray and arterial blood gas findings, the male patient was bounded to a mechanical ventilator. As coagulation tests showed compatible findings with disseminate intravascular coagulation (DIC), it was thought to be a case of sepsis originating from the lungs and DIC. Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus were found in the sputum of the patient. Although he was given combined antibiotic therapy, there was no reduction in the fever. A bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) sample was taken and Microsporidia sp. was found upon staining with Giemsa. The patient died due to sepsis and DIC just before receiving therapy for microsporidiasis. Pulmonary infection with Microsporidia, although classically occurring in patients with HIV infection, may occur rarely in leukemia patients, especially if previously treated with systemic immune suppression. This case reinforces the need to consider Microsporidia as a possible pathogen in immunocompromised patients with pulmonary infections.
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PMID:A case of pulmonary Microsporidiasis in an acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML) - M3 patient. 1261 89

A 73-year-old Korean male was admitted to Jeil hospital with clinical complaints of backache, cough, sputum, vomiting and diarrhea. He had a history of long term administration of prednisolone. At admission he was comatose and showed generalized pitting edema and anasarca. Laboratory data revealed leukocytosis, hyperproteinemia with hypoalbuminemia, sepsis, anemia and brown-colored urine. Stool examination revealed rhabditiform nematode larvae. By fecal cultivation, filariform larvae of Strogyloides were obtained and the patient was diagnosed as hyperinfection syndrome due to S. stercoralis infection. On the 3rd day of hospitalization, albendazole treatment was started and continued for 4 days. On the 7th dsy of hospitalization, sputum revealed filariform larvae. Total 619 parasitic adult females, expelled by chemotherapy, were collected from the diarrheal stool. However, the patient was discharged hopelessly and died at home.
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PMID:[A case of strongloidiasis with hyperinfection syndrome] 1281 Oct 51

The significance of petechial hemorrhages in cases of unexpected infant death remains uncertain. While intrathoracic petechiae occur in the majority of cases of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), their relationship to terminal mechanisms has been debated. Facial, conjunctival and external upper chest petechiae are not a feature of SIDS and raise the possibility of underlying illness such as sepsis, or of forceful coughing or vomiting. Alternatively the presence of cutaneous or conjunctival petchiae may suggest trauma or asphyxia due to chest or neck compression. Given the possibility of alternative mechanisms of death it is preferable to designate the cause and manner of death as 'undetermined', rather than 'SIDS', when petechiae are found in unusual locations.
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PMID:Petechial hemorrhages and unexpected infant death. 1293 68

Bronchiectasis is primarily the result of airway injury and remodeling attributable to recurrent or chronic inflammation and infection. The underlying etiologies include autoimmune diseases, severe infections, genetic abnormalities, and acquired disorders. Recurrent airway inflammation and infection may also be the result of allergic or immunodeficiency states such as allergic bronchopulmonary mycoses or HIV/AIDS. Bronchiectasis should be included in the differentiation diagnosis of any patient with chronic respiratory complaints such as cough and sputum production. Early clinical manifestations may be subtle. Hallmarks of severe bronchiectasis include fetid breath, chronic cough, and sputum production. The associated chronic respiratory infections and airway sepsis are punctuated by episodes of acute exacerbation. Prompt recognition and treatment of bronchiectasis may allow for prevention of disease progression and irreversible loss of lung function. This review of severe non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis describes the current pathophysiology, clinical presentations, and management of bronchiectasis. We review how impaired airway clearance and the inability to resolve infection and inflammation creates a vicious cycle of recurrent injury. The common clinical features of bronchiectasis and findings are presented and illustrated by radiographic images. The common species and significance of various organisms often recovered from the distal airways including: tuberculous and environmental mycobacteria, aspergillus, and bacteria such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa will be covered. Management strategies including sputum surveillance, sputum clearance, antimicrobial therapy including antifungal and antimyobacterial agents as well as the evidence for the use of inhalational and anti-inflammatory therapies such as corticosteroids are also discussed. Recommendations for the work-up and therapy of complications including hemoptysis and respiratory failure are presented.
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PMID:Severe bronchiectasis. 1471 69

Bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia (BOOP) has been described after bone marrow, lung, heart-lung, and renal transplantation, but rarely after orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT). We report a case of BOOP after OLT to emphasize BOOP as an under diagnosed and treatable cause of nonresolving pneumonia, which may not be preventable by maintenance low-dose prednisone. A 48-year-old man was hospitalized for dyspnea and cough one month after OLT. Among his medications were tacrolimus and prednisone. Physical examination was significant for lung crepitations and bilateral leg edema. Chest x-ray revealed bilateral infiltrates. Computed tomography (CT) of the chest demonstrated bilateral diffuse infiltrates with areas of sparing and nodularities. Bronchoscopy was normal and bronchoalveolar lavage was negative. Lung biopsy was performed and demonstrated serpiginous plugs of fibroblastic tissue filling the alveolar spaces, focal fibrosis of some alveolar septa, and reactive pneumocytic hyperplasia consistent with BOOP. Methylprednisolone was continued with clinical improvement and weaning from the ventilator, but subsequent sepsis and multisystem organ failure finally led to the patient's death.
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PMID:Bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia after orthotopic liver transplantation. 1500 77


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