Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0010200 (cough)
 23,843 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Data from a case-control study on lung cancer were used to evaluate how changes in cigarette habits, mainly smoking cessation, switch from non-filter to filter brands, from dark to light tobacco, or from handrolled to manufactured cigarettes, and reduction in daily consumption influence lung cancer risk. The results presented concern all males, exclusive cigarette smokers, involved in the study, i.e. 1,057 histologically confirmed lung cancer and 1,503 matched controls. The general decrease in lung cancer risk with the years since cessation was also found in each subgroup of cigarette exposure defined by duration of smoking, daily consumption and type of cigarettes smoked. Among smokers who had given up smoking from less than 10 years earlier, the lung cancer risks were two-fold higher for those who had stopped smoking for coughing or health reasons than for those who had stopped smoking for reasons other than health problems. A decrease in lung cancer risk, although not significant, was found in people who switched from non-filter brands to filter brands and from dark to light tobacco and in smokers who reduced their daily consumption of cigarettes by more than 25% as compared to smokers who had not changed habits.
 ...
PMID:Changes in patterns of cigarette smoking and lung cancer risk: results of a case-control study. 280 31

Presented is the case of a 61-year-old male whose chief complaints were hoarseness, cough, and bloody sputum. Chest radiography demonstrated a left hilar mass with mediastinal widening, a peripheral localized infiltrate and the elevation of the left hemidiaphragm. By means of a mediastinoscopy, a biopsy was done on the enlarged mediastinal lymph node and a histological diagnosis of a large cell carcinoma was confirmed. He was graded as in Stage III (T2N2M0) and was placed under radiotherapy with 60Co. Complete response was obtained after a total dose of 6150 cGy. Following this radiotherapy, he was given multiple courses of mild chemotherapy and the disease as of this report has been under control for 7 years. This case may be unusual, but suggests the possibility of a cure of lung cancer by irradiation under certain conditions.
 ...
PMID:[State III large cell carcinoma of the lung cured by radiotherapy--a case report]. 284 86

A traditional Chinese remedy, Qing-Fei-Tang (Seihai-to, T90), has been used for treatment of chronic respiratory diseases with long-lasting cough and sputum, e.g. chronic bronchitis. We examined the effect of T90 and its main component flavonoid, baicalein, on the lucigenin-dependent chemiluminescence (CL) and leukotriene B4 (LTB4) synthesis of human alveolar macrophages (AM). AM were obtained by bronchoalveolar lavage from patients with various respiratory diseases, including sarcoidosis, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, bronchial asthma, chronic bronchitis and lung cancer. CL were observed by stimulating 1 x 10(5) AM with phorbol myristate acetate in the presence of lucigenin. LTB4 were generated by incubating 1 x 10(6)/ml AM with Ca ionophore A23187 for 30 min and determined by reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography and radioimmunoassay. T90 (0.2-2.0 mg/ml) and baicalein (0.1-100 microM) inhibited both CL and LTB4 production of AM in a dose-dependent fashion. These inhibitory effects were not due to cytotoxic effects of the procedure because neither 2 mg/ml T90 nor 100 M baicalein affected the viability of AM nor lactate dehydrogenase release from AM. These results suggest that T90 exerts its effect on inflammatory lung diseases through the anti-inflammatory action, i.e. inhibiting the oxidative and arachidonate metabolism of local inflammatory lung cells.
 ...
PMID:Effects of qing-fei-tang (seihai-to) and baicalein, its main component flavonoid, on lucigenin-dependent chemiluminescence and leukotriene B4 synthesis of human alveolar macrophages. 285 72

A 68-year-old man who had had cough and sputum for ten months was referred to our hospital because sputum cytologic findings were suggestive of lung cancer. Fiberoptic bronchoscopy and biopsy revealed mucosal neuroma of the bronchi. There were no signs suggesting pheochromocytoma or medullary thyroid carcinoma. To our knowledge, this is the first case of solitary mucosal neuroma of the bronchi to be reported.
 ...
PMID:Solitary bronchial mucosal neuroma. 290 47

After presensitization with IV hematoporphyrin derivative (HpD), neoplasms in the tracheobronchial tree of 18 patients were treated by photodynamic therapy (PDT) with 630-nm light from a tunable dye argon laser system delivered through quartz fibers passed through the biopsy channel of a flexible bronchoscope under local anesthesia. Tumor effect was measured by complete response (CR)--no visible tumor in area treated, partial response (PR)--tumor size or degree of obstruction reduced by more than 50% and some response (SR)--tumor or degree of obstruction reduced by more than 20% but less than 50%. One month or less after 30 treatments to 26 areas in 18 patients, there was 40% CR, 57% PR, and 3% SR. All tumors showed at least some response. Since many of these patients had end-stage disease, the effect on the clinical condition and symptoms were evaluated using the Karnofsky Performance Status (KPS), oxygen requirements, and the presence or absence of respiratory symptoms. One month after treatment, 61% were clinically improved, with an increase of the average KPS from 48 to 61. Three patients with stage III primary lung cancer improved from being severely disabled requiring hospitalization to normal activity with effort and lived an average of 3.5 months. One patient with metastatic colon cancer was palliated from bedrest with continuous oxygen to normal activity with no oxygen for 12 months. A patient with hemoptysis and carcinoma in situ remains biopsy- and symptom-free for 34 months. A patient with hemoptysis and cough from breast cancer metastases maintained CR, biopsy- and symptom-free for 7 months. A patient with hemoptysis from recurrence at the bronchial stump maintained CR, biopsy- and symptom-free for 13 months. Six patients with Stage III primary lung cancer with average KPS of 27 (severe) died in the hospital and lived an average of 5 weeks (two CR, two PR, two SR). One patient with atelectasis of the right lower lobe re-expanded 14 days after treatments began.
 ...
PMID:Photodynamic therapy of endobronchial tumors. 294 45

The authors identified all newly diagnosed lung cancer cases in New Hampshire and Vermont for the period 1973 through 1976 and abstracted clinical data on presenting symptoms and findings from their hospital records. Microscopy slides were also reviewed, when possible, to confirm cell type. The most frequent presenting symptoms were weight loss (46%) and cough (45%). Other common symptoms were dyspnea (37%), weakness (34%), chest pain (27%), and hemoptysis (27%). The presence of symptoms and findings was in general related to disease stage but bore little relationship to cell type. These results differ from those of previously reported case series that were based on surgical, radiation therapy, or Veterans Hospital groups, but the current data agree closely with those from another population-based series in Finland.
 ...
PMID:Presenting conditions of 1539 population-based lung cancer patients by cell type and stage in New Hampshire and Vermont. 299 57

Sixty patients with primary lung cancer and under 40 years of age were operated from Jan. 1960 to June 1983. It comprised 3.7% of 1,635 lung cancers in all during the same period. The average age was 34.4 (17-39) years old. 35 were male and 25 female with a sex ratio of 1.4:1 which was lower than that reported for all lung cancers. Of the 60 patients, 31 (51.7%) presented with cough, 27 (45%) with bloody sputum, 23 (43.3%) chest pain and 13 (21.7%) feverishness. The average delay before the first medical examination was 6.4 months. It was over 1 year in 8 patients. The misdiagnosis rate was 76.7%. According to the TNM classification, the lesions were: stage I in 16.7%, stage II in 23.3% and stage III in 60%. By pathology, 45% were adenocarcinoma, 25% squamous cell carcinoma, 23.3% undifferentiated carcinoma and 6.7% squamous-adenocarcinoma. The resection rate was 83.3% (50 patients). The 1, 3, 5, 7 and 10 year survival rates were 83.3%, 42.5%, 32.3%, 18.5% and 21.1% which show that the survival rate of lung cancer in the young adults was similar to that of all ages. Most of the patients treated only by exploration died within 1.5 years. The authors believe that early diagnosis, early resection supplemented by radiotherapy, chemotherapy and immunotherapy might improve the survival rate of lung cancer in the young adults.
 ...
PMID:[Lung cancer in the young adult and results of surgical treatment]. 301 35

Six patients receiving CDDP, MMC, and CPM chemotherapy for adjuvant chemotherapy after a resection due to lung cancer developed interstitial pneumonia. They were re-admitted for dyspnea, shortness of breath, and dry cough from 80 to 118 days from start of their treatment. On re-admission, their chest radiographs showed reticular infiltrates, and their laboratory data showed severe hypoxemia. The pathological findings of a transbronchial lung biopsy showed a thickening of the alveolar septa. Steroid therapy resulted in a complete resolution in one patient and a partial resolution the 5 others. One year later, two patients had died, one patient remains in complete resolution, but a shortness of breath still exists in the remaining three patients. Considering the disadvantages of that shortness of breath can cause to daily life, we should be more cautious about administering antineoplastic agents for adjuvant chemotherapy to patients with a cancer in an early stage.
 ...
PMID:[Interstitial pneumonia after CMC (CDDP, MMC, CPM) therapy]. 312 31

Autopsy studies have shown that lung cancer is often not detected during life and that a correct antemortem diagnosis is made preferentially in patients with pulmonary symptoms, in smokers, and in men. The current research was done as a case-control study to determine whether the autopsy suggestions of detection bias in diagnostic pursuit of lung cancer were confirmed by the way that sputum Papanicolaou smears (Pap smears) were ordered in an inpatient setting. The cases were 385 hospitalized patients in whom sputum Pap tests had been newly performed from October 1977 to September 1980. Each case was matched by age, admission date, and admission diagnosis to a control patient who had not received a Pap test. Excluded from the study were patients in whom sputum Pap tests were obligatory (e.g., those with manifestations of hemoptysis) or unnecessary (e.g., those with a previous diagnosis of lung cancer or multiple previous sputum Pap tests). Demographic data, amount and duration of cigarette smoking, and details of clinical manifestations were extracted from the patients' medical records by research assistants blind to the study hypothesis. Compared with controls, the cases had distinctive elevations in odds ratios for chronic cough, recent cough, male sex, and cigarette smoking, which also showed a distinctive dose-response relation. In multivariate analyses, all four of these "risk factors" for selective ordering of a sputum Pap smear remained independently highly significant. In the extreme category, men who smoked and coughed were 22 times more likely to have a sputum Pap test ordered than were nonsmoking women who did not cough. Clinically, the results suggest that women and nonsmokers may be deprived of appropriate diagnosis and therapy unless a diagnostic workup for lung cancer is guided mainly by radiographic findings and presenting manifestations. Statistically, detection bias has probably led to an excessively elevated magnitude for the cigarette smoking-lung cancer association and to a falsely low estimate of incidence rates in women.
 ...
PMID:Detection bias in the diagnostic pursuit of lung cancer. 318 78

Neostigmine induction was investigated as a method for increasing the rate of detection of lung cancer in respiratory cytology samples. Eleven patients with dry and essentially nonproductive cough were given neostigmine, 15 mg by mouth or 0.5 mg by hypodermic injection. The quality of sputum produced was increased in all cases; the sputum was also more easily expectorated. Eight patients suspected of having lung cancer had previously negative cytologic examinations of sputum obtained by conventional methods. Following the administration of neostigmine, malignant cells indicating squamous-cell carcinoma were found in the sputum samples of three of these patients while dysplastic cells were detected in the samples from two patients. It is postulated that neostigmine intake may increase the excretion of mucous glands in the bronchial submucosa as well as the bronchial epithelium itself.
 ...
PMID:Use of neostigmine to increase the rate of lung cancer detection by sputum cytology. 346 49


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>