Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0010200 (cough)
 23,843 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Patients with chronic bronchitis were randomly allocated to 4 weeks treatment with terbutaline 0.5 mg inhaled through a cone spacer with an expiratory resistance creating a positive expiratory pressure (+PEP group) or without (-PEP group). The patients recorded their symptoms in a diary and peak expiratory flow (PEFR) was measured before and after each inhalation. PEFR increased significantly after inhaled terbutaline both with and without PEP. The mean increase in PEFR after terbutaline inhalations was significantly greater (p less than 0.0001) in the +PEP group (24 L/min) compared to the -PEP group (17 L/min). The +PEP group had less sputum and less difficulty with coughing up sputum compared to the -PEP group. This study showed a small but significant enhancement of the bronchodilation and a beneficial effect on symptoms when inhalation of beta-2-agonist was combined with PEP in patients with chronic bronchitis.
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PMID:Treatment of chronic bronchitis with terbutaline inhaled from a cone spacer with and without positive expiratory pressure. 175 1

The literature concerning traditional chest physiotherapy (postural drainage, percussion, vibration, breathing exercises), treatments with masks (CPAP, IPPB, RMT, PEP, PEEP) and general physical training in the treatment of chronic bronchitis is reviewed. The mucociliary clearance is increased after postural drainage, cough, forced expiratory manoeuvres and general physical training, but the influence of this upon the course of the disease is unknown. Chest physiotherapy in the treatment of patients admitted due to acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis seems of no help. The use of face masks in this population has only been subject to limited investigation, but results from controlled trials do not indicate any favourable effect. In contrast general physical training seems to increase physical endurance and decrease dyspnoea. Specific rehabilitation programmes comprising psychological assistance, cessation of smoking and general physical training seem promising.
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PMID:[Physiotherapy and mask treatment of chronic bronchitis and chronic obstructive lung disease]. 176 99

A simplified and modified technique of the original autogenic drainage (AD) is described which is supplemented by breathing against an external flow resistance. The new method allows a better teaching and learning. It's efficacy is proven by means of a comparative trial of AD and PEP physiotherapy (i.e. expiration against a defined stenosis). The autogenic drainage (AD) was introduced by a Belgian working group (2). The basic idea was to support the elimination of mucus by deep breathing and by repressing the cough as long as possible. However, a rather sophisticated method impeded teaching and learning of AD (1). Thus, till now, there are only preliminary results which suggest the efficacy of AD (e.g. 3). Therefore, a simplified technique was developed and examined with regard to its sputum eliminating effect.
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PMID:Autogenic drainage: efficacy of a simplified method. 213 Jun 97

The literature concerning traditional chest physiotherapy (postural drainage, percussion, vibration, breathing exercises), treatments with masks (CPAP, IPPB, RMT, PEP, PEEP) and general physical training in the treatment of chronic bronchitis is reviewed. The mucociliary clearance is increased after postural drainage, cough, forced expiratory manoeuvres and general physical training, but the influence of this upon the course of the disease is unknown. Chest physiotherapy in the treatment of patients admitted on account of acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis does not appear to help. The use of face masks in this population has only been subject to limited investigation, but results from controlled trials do not indicate any favourable effect. In contrast, general physical training seems to increase physical endurance and decrease dyspnoea. Specific rehabilitation programmes comprising psychological assistance, cessation of smoking and general physical training seem promising.
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PMID:[Physical therapy and mask treatment of chronic bronchitis and chronic obstructive lung disease (COPD)]. 223 5

Chest physiotherapy is a treatment program that attempts to compensate for impaired mucociliary clearance. By removing mucopurulent secretions, it reduces airway obstruction and its consequences, such as atelectasis and hyperinflation; furthermore, physiotherapy can decrease the rate of proteolytic tissue damage by removing infected secretions. Conventional physiotherapy (clapping, vibration and compression, together with postural drainage and assisted coughing) is the most efficient physiotherapy for sick infants and young children. Later, mechanical chest percussion can reduce the patient's dependency on others. The forced expiration technique is another method of self-treatment, employing expiratory techniques to blow secretions out of the bronchi. Autogenic drainage, a special breathing technique, aims at avoiding airway compression by reducing positive expiratory transthoracic pressure. PEP-mask-physiotherapy achieves the same goal by expiring against an external airflow obstruction. Last but not least, physical exercise can clear the lungs of some CF patients and thus offers an attractive adjunct to physiotherapy.
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PMID:Chest physiotherapy--the mechanical approach to antiinfective therapy in cystic fibrosis. 331 13

Three different microcomputers proved to be useful in processing of pressure, flow and volume signals during cough and other respiratory manoeuvres. In young healthy volunteers, values of forced vital capacity, peak expiratory flow and flow at 0.1 s measured during cough were smaller in women than in men due to their smaller body surface and FVC. Compared to forced expiration a sudden and vigorous cough effort, in spite of its shorter duration, resulted in an increased mean flow rate and in similar peak flow reached by expulsion of a smaller volume. Analysis of flow-volume curves indicated higher flow-rates at the beginning (5-10% FEV) and to the end of cough expulsion (65-95% FEV) than in forced expiration. The volume, peak flow and flow 0.1 s from the beginning of inspiration and expiration were practically the same in 5 successive cycles of voluntary cough performed by maximum effort. The mechanisms involved in cough expiration are more automatic than the mechanisms of cough inspiration. A personal computer can be useful for monitoring the increase in PEP, PIP, PEF, PIF, FEV, FIV and in maximum resistance as well as the decrease in compliance observed during cough compared to quiet breathing.
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PMID:Computer-assisted evaluation of some respiratory parameters during voluntary cough. 343 3

The use of the 'PEP' mask with forced expiratory coughing was compared with conventional physiotherapy over a one month period. No difference was shown in symptom scores, sputum production, or simple lung function tests. The mask was well accepted and allowed independent treatment by older patients.
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PMID:Face mask physiotherapy in cystic fibrosis. 352 74

The aim of our study was to compare the short-term efficacy of three different chest physiotherapy (CPT) regimens (PD, postural drainage; PEP, positive expiratory pressure physiotherapy; HFCC, high-frequency chest compression physiotherapy) on patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) hospitalized for an acute pulmonary exacerbation. Sixteen patients with CF, 8 males, 8 females, aged 15-27 years (mean, 20.3 +/- 4), met the inclusion criteria: 1) age over 14 years; 2) mild or moderate airway obstruction; 3) sputum volume > 30 mL/day; 4) being proficient in PD and PEP CPT. Patients at admission had (mean +/- SD) forced volume in 1 second (FEV1) 52.2 +/- 21.9 percent predicted; Shwachman-Kulczycki clinical score 65.1 +/- 11 points; Chrispin-Norman chest radiography score 18.6 +/- 4.3 points. The three CPT regimens and a control-treatment (CONT) were administered in a random sequence, each patient receiving each treatment twice a day (in 50 minute sessions) for 2 consecutive days. During CONT and for 30 minutes after each session only spontaneous coughing was allowed. Wet and dry weight of sputum were recorded during the 50-minute sessions and 30 minutes afterward. Lung function was measured before and 30 minutes after each session. For each treatment a score was given by the patient for efficacy, and by both the patient and the physiotherapist for tolerance. Wet and dry weights of sputum collected during the sessions were greater for all CPT regimens than for CONT (P < 0.001, P < 0.0001). No significant differences between the three CPT regimens for both wet and dry weights were found when the number of coughs was taken into account.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Short-term effects of three chest physiotherapy regimens in patients hospitalized for pulmonary exacerbations of cystic fibrosis: a cross-over randomized study. 767 53

In neuromuscular disorders, reduced peak cough flows (PCFs) are considered to increase the risk of respiratory complications such as pneumonia or chronic atelectasis. Different methods were described to improve PCF. However, these studies were primarily carried out in adults, and there is limited information regarding the use and efficacy of these methods in children with respiratory muscle weakness. The aim of this study was to investigate whether hyperinsufflation with an intermittent positive-pressure breathing (IPPB) device is effective in cough augmentation in pediatric patients. Spirometry (forced inspiratory vital capacity, FIVC; forced expiratory volume in 1 sec, FEV1), respiratory muscle pressures (peak inspiratory pressure, PIP; peak expiratory pressure, PEP), and PCF were measured in 29 schoolchildren with various neuromuscular disorders. IPPB-assisted hyperinsufflation was taught individually to increase lung volumes (maximum insufflation capacity, MIC) above FIVC. The impact of hyperinsufflation on peak cough flow was documented. In 28/29 patients, IPPB-assisted hyperinsufflation enhanced FIVC from 0.68 +/- 0.40 l to an MIC of 1.05 +/- 0.47 l (P < 0.001). Unassisted PCF was 119.0 +/- 57.7 l/min, and increased to 194.5 +/- 74.9 l/min (P < 0.001) in 27/29 patients. This effect was similar in young patients (ages 6-10 years) and older patients (aged >10 years). Augmentation of lung volumes from FIVC to MIC correlated with an increase of PCF (R = 0.42, P < 0.05). IPPB-assisted hyperinsufflation improves PCF in pediatric neuromuscular disorders. The results suggest that this technique can be used to improve clearance of airway secretions and therefore reduce respiratory morbidity in children with NMD.
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PMID:IPPB-assisted coughing in neuromuscular disorders. 1661 51

Chest infections are serious complications in neuromuscular disorders. The predictive values of lung and respiratory muscle function including peak cough flow still remain unclear. We performed retrospective analysis of 46 children and adolescents (12.7+/-3.7 years) in whom lung function, respiratory muscle function and peak cough flows had been obtained. Data were related to: (1). number of chest infections and days of antibiotic treatment the year prior to the study and (2). history of severe chest infection requiring hospital admission. The number of chest infections and the number of days treated with antibiotics correlated with Inspiratory Vital Capacity IVC, peak cough flow PCF and Peak Expiratory Pressure PEP. Twenty-two patients were hospitalized at least once due to severe chest infection. IVC (0.65 vs. 1.44 l; P<0.0001) and PCF (116 vs. 211 l/min; P<0.0005) in these patients were significantly lower than in the non-hospitalized group. IVC<1.1l and PCF<160 l/min were specific and sensitive thresholds to discriminate between patients who had already suffered severe chest infections and those who had not. Therefore, spirometry and peak cough flow are reliable tests to identify patients at high risk for severe chest infections. Patients with IVC below 1.1l and/or PCF below 160 l/min should be well monitored and introduced to assisted coughing techniques.
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PMID:Predictors of severe chest infections in pediatric neuromuscular disorders. 1693 3


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