Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0010200 (cough)
 23,843 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Broncholithiasis, associated most frequently with tuberculosis and histoplasmosis, usually presents with acute onset of cough and hemoptysis. Visible stones are coughed up in fewer cases than was previously believed. The disease may be accompanied by obstructive symptoms, bronchiectasis, and occasional fistula formation into either the esophagus or the aorta. The prognosis of these patients is generally excellent; however, a significant number require surgery because of persistent symptoms or a complication of the disease.
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PMID:Broncholithiasis: current concepts of an ancient disease. 47 54

Two cases of broncholithiasis, removed bronchoscopically, are reported. Case 1 was a 38-year-old female who was admitted with hemoptysis. The chest tomogram showed calcification near the right middle lobe bronchus. Bronchoscopy revealed a broncholith in B4. Component analysis showed that more than 98% of this stone consisted of calcium carbonate. Case 2 was a 75-year-old male who was hospitalized because of continuous cough. The chest radiograph showed calcification and atelectasis in the right upper lobe. Bronchoscopically, right B3 was obstructed by a broncholith. After removal of the stone, the distal part of B3 was noted to be filled with pus. Analysis of the stone's composition revealed calcium phosphate (77%) and calcium carbonate (23%).
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PMID:[Two cases of broncholithiasis removed by bronchofiberscopy]. 156 30

Fiberoptic bronchoscopy (FB) has a low yield in the diagnosis of chronic cough (greater than 3 weeks) in unselected patients. We assessed the yield of FB for cough during a four-year period in patients with nonlocalizing chest roentgenograms who were refractory to diagnostic efforts and empiric bronchodilator or antitussive therapy. Seven (28 percent) of 25 patients undergoing FB for cough (of greater than 1,500 bronchoscopies) had diagnostic findings (broncholithiasis, two; tracheobronchopathia osteochondroplastica, two; and tuberculous bronchostenosis, laryngeal dyskinesia, and arytenoid polyp, one each). No tracheobronchial neoplasms were detected. Age greater than 50 years and female sex independently predicted positive results (p = 0.02 Fisher's exact test), while duration of cough (two to 240 months), airflow, and smoking status did not. When patients with prior pulmonary or extrathoracic neoplasms were excluded, seven (35 percent) of 20 studies were diagnostic. Diagnoses potentially could have been made by thoracic computed tomographic scanning in four patients and indirect laryngoscopy in two. Fiberoptic bronchoscopy has a respectable yield for diagnosis of refractory chronic cough and is a reasonable procedure in carefully selected patients.
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PMID:Fiberoptic bronchoscopy for refractory cough. 178 48

Endoscopic treatment of broncholithiasis is controversial. From 1953 through 1984, 66 operations were performed on 40 patients with broncholithiasis in an endemic area for histoplasmosis. They are reviewed here retrospectively. All patients had cough; wheeze, hemoptysis, and lithoptysis were present in 60%, 45%, and 26%, respectively. Bronchoscopic stone removal was successful in 19%, whereas 21% of patients required no treatment. The 25 patients who were affected more severely required thoracotomy and operations varying from simple lung wedge resection to repair of a bronchoesophageal fistula. Optimum preservation of lung function was a major treatment guideline. All survived, and most have returned to normal preoperative activity. For selected patients, bronchoscopy and stone removal may be all that is required for broncholithiasis.
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PMID:Management of broncholithiasis: is thoracotomy necessary? 375 73

In order to determine the present clinical spectrum of broncholithiasis and the impact that chest computed tomographic (CT) scans, laminograms , and fiberoptic bronchoscopy ( FOB ) have had on the diagnosis and treatment of this entity, we reviewed our experience between 1970 and 1982. Nineteen patients were identified with this diagnosis. Cough, hemoptysis, and obstructive pneumonia were the most common presentations. Lithoptysis occurred in only 3 patients. The chest radiographic findings were nonspecific, but in 8 of the 19 patients, laminograms or chest CT scans helped establish the diagnosis; FOB was performed on 18 patients and was abnormal in each case, with 8 intrabronchial calcifications identified. However, FOB has limited therapeutic indications in this disorder. Depending on the patient's clinical status and underlying lung disease, observation, bronchoscopic removal of the stone, or surgical resection may be indicated.
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PMID:Advances in the diagnosis and treatment of broncholithiasis. 673 45

Bronchoesophageal fistulas (BEF) in an adult, whether acquired or congenital, are uncommon but bronchoesophageal perforation secondary to broncholithiasis caused by calcified mediastinal adenopathy and leading to the formation of a fistulous tract is extremely rare. We present a case of acquired BEF in a 57-years-old women who presented cough with expectoration of broncholiths, hemoptysis and cough after swallowing liquid or solid hemoptysis and cough after swallowing liquid or solid foods. The chest film and computed tomographic scan showed calcified mediastinal adenopathy. Endoscopic examination of the esophagus revealed no mucosal abnormality. A bronchial esophageal fistula was identified at the level of the 1/3 midesophagus just below the carina in the esophagogram. The bronchoscopy showed a polypoid area located in the medial side of the right main bronchus. There was no evidence of neoplasm. The patient underwent excision of fistula and interposition of pleural bundle after completing a right posterolateral thoracotomy. The postoperative course was uneventful and the patient has been doing well on follow-up.
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PMID:[Bronchoesophageal fistula and broncholithiasis]. 868 25

A case is reported of broncholithiasis in a 29-year-old female factory worker presenting with cough and lithoptysis. Broncholithiasis is a rare disorder characterized by calcified perihilar and mediastinal lymph nodes eroding into the tracheobronchial tree. Although cough, hemoptysis, lithoptysis, pneumonia and bronchoesophageal fistula formation have been reported, broncholithiasis may also result in potentially life-threatening conditions such as airway obstruction from endobronchial polypoid granulation masses, and massive hemorrhage from an aorto-tracheal fistula or erosion of a pulmonary artery branch.
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PMID:Broncholithiasis: a case report. 1248 15

Most broncholiths are related to infection with fungus or tuberculosis and they involve the lymph nodes; those cases that are caused by silicosis are rarely seen. Broncholith might lead complication such as bronchial rupture into the mediastinum, which can result in hemoptysis, cough, repeated pneumonia and so on. Flexible bronchoscopy plays an important part in the diagnosis of broncholithiasis, but its therapeutic application in the clinical setting is controversial. We report here on two cases of broncholith removal without complication with the use of a balloon catheter and tripod forceps using flexible bronchoscopy.
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PMID:Two cases of broncholith removal under the guidance of flexible bronchoscopy. 1590 61

Broncholithiasis is frequently associated with hemoptysis and infection. The most common cause of the disease is the presence of calcified material in a bronchus or in a cavity communicating with a bronchus. We present two cases of broncholithiasis treated by surgery. Case 1 involves a 57-year-old woman who presented with cough and bloody sputum. She had suffered from recurrent pneumonia in the left lower lobe caused by broncholithiasis for 2 years. We performed left S6 segmentectomy with bronchoplasty after unsuccessful bronchoscopic removal. Case 2 is a 65-year-old man who had had hilar tuberculous lymphoadenopathy at the age of 20. Recently he had suffered from recurrent bloody sputum and pulmonary suppuration for 3 years. We performed right upper lobectomy because the right B3 was occluded by inflammatory granulation with calcification. Postoperatively, these two patients have been alive and well with no complications. The indications of surgery for broncholithiasis include a difficult bronchoscopic broncholithectomy, massive hemoptysis, and irreversible complications such as chronic pulmonary suppurative disease.
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PMID:Broncholithiasis managed by surgical resection. 1744 14

Broncholithiasis is an exceptional condition characterized by the presence of stony formations in the bronchial lumen. We report six cases. Mean age was 41 years. Revealing signs were hemoptysis (n=5), cough (n=5), fever (n=1) and recurrent lower respiratory tract infections (n=1). Physical examination found sonorous rales in two patients and was normal in four. The chest x-ray showed a parenchymal opacity suggestive of calcification in one patient, atelectasia in two, and alveolar images in three. Bronchial endoscopy demonstrated broncholithiasis in one patient, an endobronchial blood clot in one patient with abundant hemoptysis, an endoluminal bud simulating a tumor in two, an inflammatory aspect in one, and was normal in one. Thoracic computed tomography demonstrated broncholithiasis in three patients. Treatment consisted in lobectomy in five patients. The pathology specimen confirmed broncholithiasis in all five and in one revealed caseofollicular lesions of the hillar nodes. Anti-tuberculosis treatment was prescribed for this patient. Therapeutic abstention with regular surveillance was chosen for one patient with an uncomplicated broncholithiasis. Broncholithiasis is an exceptional condition with potentially serious consequences. Certain diagnosis is based on high-resolution computed tomography and endoscopic findings but can nevertheless be a surgical discovery.
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PMID:[Broncholithiasis: six cases]. 1760 13


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