Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0010200 (cough)
 23,843 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The prevalence of bronchial hyperreactivity to inhaled methacholine and of a clinical history of symptoms of asthma was determined in a birth cohort of 9 year old New Zealand children. A history of current or previous recurrent wheezing was obtained in 220 of 815 children. Of 800 who had spirometric tests, 27 (3.4%) had resting airflow obstruction (FEV1/FVC less than 75%). Methacholine challenge was undertaken without problem in 766 children, the abbreviated protocol being based on five breaths and four concentrations. A fall in FEV1 of more than 20% was observed in 176 children (23% of challenges, 22% of the full cohort) after inhalation of methacholine in concentrations of up to 25 mg/ml. The prevalence of bronchial reactivity in children with symptoms was related to the frequency of wheezing episodes in the last year, and the degree of reactivity to the interval since the last episode. Sixty four children (8.0%) with no history of wheeze or recurrent dry cough were, however, also responsive to methacholine 25 mg/ml or less, while 35% of children with current or previous wheezing did not respond to any dose of methacholine. Bronchial challenge by methacholine inhalation was not sufficiently sensitive or specific to be useful as a major criterion for the diagnosis of asthma in epidemiological studies. The occurrence of airway reactivity in children without symptoms of asthma, however, raises the possibility that adult onset asthma and the development of airways obstruction in some subjects with chronic bronchitis could have origins in childhood.
Thorax 1986 Apr
PMID:Prevalence of bronchial reactivity to inhaled methacholine in New Zealand children. 373 48

The effect of manual percussion of the thorax in nine patients with stable chronic airflow obstruction and excessive tracheobronchial secretion has been studied. Tracheobronchial clearance was measured over 50 minutes on three different days. On the first day manual percussion was applied for 10 minutes. In the period when percussion was applied the mucus clearance was slightly but significantly greater than in the periods when no percussion was applied. On the second day manual percussion was applied in combination with postural drainage, coughing, and breathing exercises for 20 minutes. This resulted in a much greater clearance than on the first day. On the third day postural drainage, coughing, and breathing exercises, but no manual percussion, were carried out for 20 minutes. There was no significant difference between the clearance of days 2 and 3. From this study it is apparent that manual percussion is a relatively ineffective procedure in patients with stable chronic airflow obstruction, but may be useful when the patient is not able to cough and cannot assume the appropriate position for postural drainage.
Thorax 1986 Jun
PMID:Effect of manual percussion on tracheobronchial clearance in patients with chronic airflow obstruction and excessive tracheobronchial secretion. 378 20

Seventy nine cases of sporadic, community acquired legionnaires' disease have been reviewed. Annual and seasonal variation in incidence was noted. The mean age of the patients was 53 years and 50 (63%) were male. Pre-existing chronic diseases were present in only 23 (29%), including two patients receiving immunosuppressive treatment. Common symptoms included unproductive cough, dyspnoea, chest pain, headache, confusion, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhoea. Respiratory symptoms were absent, however, in 17 (22%). Localising chest signs were present in 74 (95%) cases. Frequent laboratory findings included lymphopenia, high erythrocyte sedimentation rate, hyponatraemia, raised urea and creatinine concentrations, abnormal liver function, hypophosphataemia, hypoalbuminaemia, proteinuria, and haematuria. Thirteen patients died (16%), including nine of 20 who received assisted ventilation. The mortality rate in patients treated with erythromycin (11%) was lower than in those who received other antibiotics (23%), but this difference was not statistically significant. Of the features noted on admission, only a high plasma urea concentration was significantly associated with death. Sporadic community acquired legionnaires' disease is a not uncommon disorder, which with appropriate treatment has a prognosis similar to that of other forms of community acquired pneumonia.
Thorax 1986 Aug
PMID:Legionnaires' disease: a review of 79 community acquired cases in Nottingham. 378 45

Data are presented on the FEV1 and forced vital capacity (FVC) of elderly people living at home. These were derived from a survey of 418 persons over the age of 70 years and thus provide standards for the assessment of elderly persons. There was a decline in FEV1 and FVC cross sectionally with age and a continued adverse effect of smoking. A history of cough and phlegm was strongly related to impairment of lung function.
Thorax 1985 Jan
PMID:Lung function in the elderly. 396 55

The airway response to the inhalation of four alkyl xanthines was studied in 17 subjects with moderately severe asthma (mean FEV1 1.19 litres, 42% predicted). Theophylline (10 mg/ml), glycine theophyllinate (50 mg/ml), theophylline ethylenediamine (aminophylline 50 mg/ml), and diprophylline (125 mg/ml) were administered by nebulisation and the airway response was measured as percentage change from baseline of specific airway conductance (sGaw). All xanthine derivatives had an unpleasant taste and produced coughing at the onset of nebulisation. All four xanthines produced a significant increase in sGaw by comparison with saline placebo, with a maximum mean increase from baseline of 35% for theophylline, 40% for glycine theophyllinate, 60% for aminophylline, and 32% for diprophylline. Inhalation of 200 micrograms salbutamol from a metered dose inhaler produced an additional increase in sGaw of 149%. Thus alkyl substituted xanthines administered by inhalation to patients with asthma cause significant short lived bronchodilatation, but this effect is small compared with that of a conventional dose of an inhaled beta 2 adrenoceptor agonist.
Thorax 1985 Mar
PMID:Bronchodilator actions of xanthine derivatives administered by inhalation in asthma. 398 84

The lowest concentrations of citric acid were measured that caused coughing in 10 normal subjects who inhaled successively higher concentrations. Two subjects did not cough at any concentration. In the remaining eight the threshold concentration was significantly higher when measured in the afternoon than it was in the morning (p less than 0.05). The expected diurnal variation in peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) was found (significant in the whole group--p less than 0.05); but PEFR did not change significantly when measured before and immediately after coughing caused by citric acid inhalations. In a second group of 10 normal subjects two series of citric acid inhalations were given, separated by one hour. The total number of coughs was significantly lower on the second run (p less than 0.05). Thus diurnal variation and adaptation of the cough response must be taken into account when antitussive drugs are tested.
Thorax 1985 Sep
PMID:Diurnal variation and adaptation of the cough response to citric acid in normal subjects. 406 Jan 6

A randomised, double-blind trial of atropine, atropine plus papaveretum, and atropine plus diazepam given intramuscularly as premedication for fibreoptic bronchoscopy in 60 patients showed no difference between the three regimens as assessed by bronchoscopist or patient. Bronchoscopists frequently attributed a sedative action to atropine alone and their assessment of tolerance and sedation was more optimistic than that of the patients. In a second study comparing intravenous diazepam (10 mg) with saline, after prior intramuscular atropine (0.6 mg), both the bronchoscopists and the patients noted a significant sedative effect of diazepam, and coughing was reduced by diazepam.
Thorax 1983 Aug
PMID:Premedication for fibreoptic bronchoscopy. 635 33

Eight patients, five with chronic granulocytic leukaemia and three with severe aplastic anaemia, developed moderately severe airflow obstruction after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. All eight had clinically and radiologically normal lungs before undergoing transplantation. Treatment in the patients with chronic granulocytic leukaemia before transplantation included high dose total body irradiation. All eight patients developed acute and chronic graft versus host disease after transplantation. The pulmonary syndrome consisted of cough, dyspnoea, and wheezing beginning six to 20 weeks after transplantation, with ratios of forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) to vital capacity (VC) falling to 60% or less of predicted values. The three patients with severe aplastic anaemia had relatively mild graft versus host disease and acute chest infection may have initiated or contributed to their airways obstruction, which subsequently resolved. The five patients with chronic granulocytic leukaemia had more severe graft versus host disease and more progressive respiratory problems; two died and three continued to have persistent airflow obstruction 11, 15, and 20 months after transplantation. None of those with chronic granulocytic leukaemia improved. Transfer factor (TLCO) was reduced in all patients after bone marrow transfer and did not improve; in the patients with chronic granulocytic leukaemia the reduction in TLCO preceded the fall in FEV1/VC ratio. Open lung biopsy in one of the patients with chronic granulocytic leukaemia showed obliterative bronchiolitis with lymphocytic infiltration consistent with graft versus host disease. Bronchodilators were of no benefit in the management of these patients, but prompt treatment of infection and early use of corticosteroids may have contributed to the improvement seen in the patients with severe aplastic anaemia.
Thorax 1984 Dec
PMID:Airways obstruction associated with graft versus host disease after bone marrow transplantation. 639 15

In a group of patients with mild asthma the inhalation of mist derived from ultrasonically nebulised distilled water caused an increase in cough and a fall in FEV1. Double blind administration for five minutes of sodium cromoglycate (from an original solution containing 30 mg/ml) or atropine (2 mg/ml) by inhalation from a Minineb nebuliser, 30 minutes before the mist challenge, caused a significant reduction in the fall in FEV1 (p less than 0.05), but not in cough, by comparison with the protection afforded by placebo (saline). In a second study the fall in FEV1 caused by the inhalation of distilled water was not significantly different from that seen in response to hypotonic sodium chloride (1.7 g/l, 58 mmol/l), but both produced a significantly greater fall than did a similar mist containing sodium cromoglycate at an original concentration of 10 mg/ml (58 mmol/l). The results show that both atropine and sodium cromoglycate can block the fall in FEV1 due to mist and that protection by sodium cromoglycate is immediate. These results suggest that sodium cromoglycate blocks the nervous reflexes concerned in the response to mist, probably in the afferent limb of the reflex.
Thorax 1984 Oct
PMID:Sodium cromoglycate and atropine block the fall in FEV1 but not the cough induced by hypotonic mist. 643 1

We have studied respiratory symptoms, smoking habits, chest radiographs, sickness absence, and pulmonary function among 258 welders and an equal number of matched control subjects in three engineering factories. Welders who smoked had a higher frequency of chronic phlegm production than control subjects but there was no difference in cough or dyspnoea. The frequency of abnormality on chest radiographs was low and similar in welders and controls. Upper respiratory infections were a more frequent cause of sickness absence in welders than in controls but no difference was found in other respiratory diseases. FEV1 and peak expiratory flow rate were similar in welders and controls. In a subset of 186 subjects the maximum expiratory flow rate at low lung volumes was significantly less in welders who smoked than in control subjects who smoked, but there was no difference in non-smokers. Welders working under these conditions in the engineering industry appear to have no increased risk of chronic obstructive lung disease.
Thorax 1984 Jun
PMID:Respiratory symptoms and pulmonary function of welders in the engineering industry. 646 13


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>