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Query: UMLS:C0010200 (cough)
 23,843 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Acute bronchitis is a common syndrome characterized by upper respiratory tract infection accompanied by productive cough in persons without chronic lung disease. As a first step in investigating the potential role of pulmonary airflow disturbances in acute bronchitis, 27 adult patients with acute bronchitis performed serial pulmonary function tests and daily peak flow measurements and completed daily symptom diaries. Eleven patients (40 percent) had a forced expiratory volume of the first second (FEV1) at entry less than 80 percent of predicted. Mean FEV1, forced midexpiratory flow rate (FEF25-75), and peak flow measures showed steady improvement over the five-week period. Differences between initial and final flow rates were statistically significant. These changes were particularly evident when two groups were created by stratifying by "abnormal" (FEV1 less than or equal to 80 percent predicted) and "normal" (FEV1 greater than 80 percent predicted) initial FEV1. Total duration of cough and subjective ratings of cough severity were not predicted by initial FEV1, but work absence was significantly higher in the abnormal group. The finding of reversible airway obstruction suggests a role for bronchospasm in many cases of acute bronchitis and calls for further research regarding proof of rapid reversibility and treatment with bronchodilators.
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PMID:Pulmonary function tests in acute bronchitis: evidence for reversible airway obstruction. 362 41

Acute bronchitis and pneumonia are frequently encountered by primary care providers in an outpatient setting. The primary care nurse practitioner plays an active role in the diagnosis and management of acute bronchitis and pneumonia. Certain elements of the history and physical examination help separate infectious causes of acute cough from non-infectious causes. If an infectious cause is established by etiology, history and physical factors also help to identify whether acute bronchitis or pneumonia is present. Certain diagnostic tests are necessary to aid in making the diagnosis and in establishing the causative agent upon which the appropriate therapy is based. The primary care nurse practitioner must also be attuned to identifying those clients in whom respiratory illness can be a severe syndrome necessitating hospitalization and those for whom vaccination is recommended. This article addresses the practice needs of the clinician.
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PMID:Diagnosis and management of acute bronchitis and pneumonia in the ambulatory setting. 368 21

Reported here are the results from an ongoing study of outdoor air pollution and respiratory health of children living in six cities in the eastern and midwestern United States. The study enrolled 10,106 white preadolescent children between 1974 and 1977 in 3 successive annual visits to each city. Each child received a spirometric examination, and a parent completed a standard questionnaire. Of this cohort, 8,380 children were seen for a second examination 1 yr later. An air pollution monitoring program was begun in each community at about the time of the first examination. For this report, measurements of total suspended particulates (TSP), the sulfate fraction of TSP (TSO4), and sulfur dioxide (SO2) concentrations at study-affiliated outdoor stations were combined with measurements at other public and private monitoring sites to create a record of TSP, TSO4, and SO2 concentrations in each of 9 air pollution regions during the 1-yr period preceding each examination and, for TSP, during each child's lifetime up to the time of testing. Across the 6 cities, frequency of cough was significantly associated with the average of 24-h mean concentrations of all 3 air pollutants during the year preceding the health examination (p less than 0.01). Rates of bronchitis and a composite measure of lower respiratory illness were significantly associated with average particulate concentrations (p less than 0.05). In analyses restricted to lifetime residents, these outcomes were significantly associated with measures of lifetime mean TSP concentration. Within the cities, however, temporal and spatial variation in air pollutant concentrations and illness and symptom rates were not positively associated.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Effects of ambient sulfur oxides and suspended particles on respiratory health of preadolescent children. 370 94

The relationship between the common acute bronchitis syndrome and atopic disease was examined using a retrospective, case-control method. The charts of 116 acute bronchitis patients and of a control group of 60 patients with irritable colon syndrome were reviewed for evidence of previous and subsequent atopic disease or asthma. Bronchitis patients were more likely to have a previous history of asthma, a personal history or diagnosis of atopic disease, and more previous and subsequent visits for acute bronchitis. The main finding of the study was a tenfold increase in the subsequent visit rate for asthma in the acute bronchitis group. Thirty percent of patients with acute bronchitis made return visits for unresolved cough despite an 83 percent rate of antibiotic use. These findings challenge the common belief that the symptoms of acute bronchitis are solely infectious in origin and suggest the involvement of occult bronchospasm.
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PMID:An association between acute bronchitis and asthma. 379 12

An epidemiological survey of 3216 primary school children living in the industrial, urban and rural areas of Singapore revealed a high prevalence of various respiratory symptoms and illnesses, with 13.1% cough, 8.2% wheezy chest, 25.9% blocked/running nose, 4.3% sinusitis, 7.8% asthmatic attacks and 4.1% bronchitis/pneumonia. Differences in the prevalence of respiratory illnesses and lung function tests were observed among children in the three areas, but this could not be accounted for by the varying air pollution levels which have been maintained below the long-term standards set up by WHO. It was probably responsible for the differences noted.
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PMID:Prevalence of respiratory illnesses of school children in the industrial, urban and rural areas of Singapore. 381 Aug 38

In a working population of 912 men, aged 22 to 54 years, 8.3% reported a history of childhood respiratory illness before 16 years of age. Those reporting a history of bronchitis or pneumonia (BP) before 2 years of age had significantly lower FEV1 values than those who did not report such a history, whereas those reporting BP at a later age, or primary tuberculosis, did not have lower values. The observed association was unlikely to be due to preferential recall bias, since BP before 2 years of age was not associated with a higher reported prevalence of current respiratory symptoms of cough, phlegm, or dyspnea, and the observed association remained after exclusion of those with a history of wheezing or asthma. Furthermore, the relation remained significant after taking into account parental smoking, Pi phenotype and a history of eczema in childhood. These results suggest that BP before 2 years of age, a period of rapid alveolar multiplication, may be related to the occurrence of adult chronic air-flow limitation.
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PMID:Relationships between functional measurements and childhood respiratory diseases according to the age of onset. 381 75

The authors consider that infants and young children with recurrent obstructive bronchitis require systematic follow-up care and treatment. To evaluate the severity of the disease, a rating scale was developed. Using this criteria, the severity of the disease in 132 infants and young children was evaluated. The patients were divided into a group of more severely ill and a group of less severely ill patients. The members of the more severely ill group were given long-term prophylactic treatment with ketotifen at a dose of 0.5 to 1.0 mg twice daily, in addition to standard symptomatic medication. Treatment with ketotifen afforded a decrease, although insignificant, in the number of coughing attacks, a significant decrease in the number of episodes of dyspnoea (p less than 0.025) and a significant decrease in the number of episodes of airway obstruction (p less than 0.0005). The authors conclude that patients with recurrent severe obstructive bronchitis should be given prophylactic treatment with ketotifen either during autumn and winter or throughout the year, depending on the severity of the symptoms.
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PMID:Wheezy bronchitis: results of treatment with ketotifen. 382 38

Cough is a common symptom in the smoking and non-smoking patient seeking medical attention from the office-based physician. Often, a comprehensive history and physical examination suggest the correct diagnosis, and specific therapy can be directed to the underlying disease. A chest roentgenogram is an essential part of the workup; it may suggest tuberculosis, chronic fungal infection, bronchiectasis, or lung abscess. In addition, bronchogenic carcinoma, which is increasing in frequency in the population, has several common manifestations that can be recognized on the chest roentgenogram. Pulmonary function studies are often helpful in the workup of the patient with chronic cough. A pattern of obstructive lung disease is seen with asthma, chronic bronchitis, and bronchiectasis. Diseases that cause lung fibrosis, such as idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, sarcoidosis, and pneumoconiosis, give a restrictive ventilatory defect. Bronchoprovocation testing can be helpful when baseline pulmonary function tests are normal and the diagnosis of postviral bronchitis or cough-variant asthma is suggested. If the bronchial inhalation challenge is negative, these diagnoses can be excluded. Chronic rhinosinusitis with associated postnasal drip is one of the most common causes of chronic cough and is often difficult to confirm because the physical examination and roentgenogram of the paranasal sinuses may be normal. In a great majority of patients with chronic cough, a diagnosis can be established by simple, clinical and laboratory procedures used in the outpatient setting.
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PMID:Chronic cough. Diagnosis and treatment. 384 18

The relation of respiratory symptoms, pulmonary function, and abnormalities of chest radiographs to estimated exposures of borax dust has been investigated in a cross sectional study of 629 actively employed borax workers. Ninety three per cent of the eligible workers participated in the study and exposures ranged from 1.1 mg/m3 to 14.6 mg/m3. Symptoms of acute respiratory irritation such as dryness of the mouth, nose, or throat, dry cough, nose bleeds, sore throat, productive cough, shortness of breath, and chest tightness were related to exposures of 4.0 mg/m3 or more, and were infrequent at exposures of 1.1 mg/m3. Symptoms of persistent respiratory irritation meeting the definition of chronic simple bronchitis were related to exposure among non-smokers. Decrements in the FEV1 as a percentage of predicted were seen among smokers who had heavy cumulative borax exposures (greater than or equal to 80 mg/m3 years) but were not seen among less exposed smokers or among non-smokers. Radiographic abnormalities were uncommon and were not related to dust exposure. Borax dust appears to act as a simple respiratory irritant and perhaps causes small changes in the FEV1 among smokers who are heavily exposed.
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PMID:Respiratory effects of borax dust. 387 56

Recently many refugees from Sri Lanka have arrived in Europe. The purpose of the present investigation was to analyze the subjective complaints and diagnoses in these refugees. One hundred refugees (97 males, 3 females, age 19 to 42 years) were investigated. The most common reasons for consulting a general internist were cough (23%), general pain in soft tissue and joints (21%), disorders of the gastrointestinal tract (19%) and ear or throat complaints (15%). In 43% of the patients no diagnosis could be established. 58 patients were investigated for parasites in stool: 57% of these patients had hookworms, 12% non-pathogenic protozoon, 9% Entamoeba histolytica cysts, and 2% Giardia lamblia. In 12% of the patients the diagnosis was tonsillitis or pharyngitis, in 7% bronchitis, pneumonia or asthma and in 5% arterial hypertension. Various other diagnoses were established in 48 patients. With the exception of the high frequency of intestinal parasites, complaints and diagnoses in these refugees were the same as in a comparable European population.
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PMID:[Medical problems in refugees from Sri Lanka (Tamil)]. 396 44


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