Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0010200 (cough)
 23,843 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Each year in France, 42,000 children receive spa therapy, which is covered by the national health care insurance system. In over three cases out of four, the treatment is ordered by the child's physician for respiratory tract disease which fails to respond adequately to conventional therapy. Asthma, recurrent bronchitis, and spasmodic cough are the main indications in pneumo-allergology; seromucous otitis media, naso-sinusitis and refractory pharyngitis are the most common pediatric ENT diseases treated in spa centers. The two main types of mineral water used are sulfur-rich waters in patients with prominent infection and chloride and bicarbonate-rich waters when allergy is the main problem. Experimental studies point to the fact that these waters have immunomodulating effects. However, other therapeutic interventions in spa centers, including rehabilitation and health education, also play a role. Evaluations of spa therapy for respiratory tract diseases carried out by government agencies have demonstrated decreases in school absenteeism and above all in the use of drugs in treated patients. The future of pediatric spa therapy will likely depend on the development of preventive interventions in spa centers.
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PMID:[Spa treatment in pediatric pneumo-allergology and ENT]. 161 45

A 57-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital with cough, sputum and abnormal chest X-ray. In summer, 1989, she developed cough which gradually worsened in autumn. In November, the chest X-ray revealed a tumorous shadow in the left suprahilar region. On admission, there were no symptoms of bronchial asthma. Chest X-ray revealed a subpleural tumorous shadow in the left upper lung field. X-ray findings suggested that the tumorous shadow in the suprahilar region moved to the left peripheral upper lung field. Left B1+2 orifice obstruction with necrotic tissue was seen on fiberoptic bronchoscopy. Transbronchial biopsies failed to yield specific diagnostic findings, except for bronchitis with exudate containing eosinophils. In February, 1990, she developed hemosputum and left chest pain. Chest X-ray showed consolidation in the left apical lung field. Left upper lobectomy was performed. Histological examination disclosed many granulomas with central necrosis around the bronchi, and aspergillus hyphae were seen. These findings are compatible with bronchocentric granulomatosis without asthma.
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PMID:[A case of bronchocentric granulomatosis presenting as a tumorous shadow on chest X-ray film]. 162 85

Ambroxol (Bronchopront-Mack) was administered to 73 patients with the bronchial asthma and spastic bronchitis with expectoration disorders. The drug was given in the dosage forms of slow release capsules, syrup, drops, intramuscular injections and inhalations for about 14 days. All patients have been carefully examined clinically, PEF has been measured, and sputum physico-chemical properties have been tested prior to and 10 days after treatment. Complete disappearance of cough, liquefaction of sputum and clearance of airways have been achieved in 47% of patients. A significant improvement has been noted in 38.4% of cases. The treatment failed in 2.7% of patients. Ambroxol has been well tolerated. No adverse effects on laboratory findings have been noted. Results suggest, that ambroxol is valuable drug in the combined treatment of patients with the bronchial asthma and spastic bronchitis.
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PMID:[Value of ambroxol in treatment of bronchial asthma and spastic bronchitis]. 166 82

To assess the safety and efficacy of a ten-day oral course of ofloxacin (400 mg 12 hourly) as compared with erythromycin (400 mg every 6 hours) for treatment of lower respiratory tract infections, fifty-two adult outpatients with pulmonary infiltrates (pneumonia) or with a cough and purulent sputum (bronchitis) were evaluated. Expectorated sputum specimens were Gram-stained and cultured, and antibody titres to Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Legionella pneumophilia, and in most cases Chlamydia pneumoniae were measured on acute and convalescent serum samples. Patients were evaluated clinically, microbiologically and radiographically three to five days after concluding therapy; the incidence of adverse reactions was monitored throughout the study period. The ofloxacin group (N = 25) was comprised of nineteen patients with pneumonia and six patients with bronchitis. The erythromycin group (N = 27) was comprised of thirteen patients with pneumonia and fourteen patients with bronchitis. All fifty-two patients were either clinically improved or cured after therapy. Microbiological cure was documented in all fourteen cases (27%) in which causative pathogens were identified. Clinical cure was achieved with ofloxacin in 68% of patients with pneumonia and in 83% of patients with bronchitis, while clinical cure with erythromycin was achieved in 46% of patients with pneumonia and 54% of patients with bronchitis. Adverse reactions (mostly mild gastrointestinal or central nervous system symptoms) were reported by eight patients receiving ofloxacin and four patients receiving erythromycin. While the types of adverse effects were similar, ofloxacin showed a trend toward a higher rate of cure than erythromycin. Ofloxacin is a promising new antibiotic for the treatment of acute lower respiratory infections.
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PMID:Treatment of lower respiratory infections in outpatients with ofloxacin compared with erythromycin. 175 88

In a double-blind study involving two groups of ten patients with chronic obstructive bronchitis, the expectorant Gelomyrtol forte was tested against placebo for its effectiveness and tolerance. The parameters: amount of sputum, Rt and IGV, together with all the usual clinical laboratory parameters, were determined. In addition, the color of the sputum was always noted. On the basis of patient scores, daily entries on the ability to expectorate, attacks of coughing, general coughing, and shortness of breath were made by the patients for the duration of the 14-day treatment period. On conclusion of the study, the patients were asked to assess the effectiveness of the supplementary medication, and the care-providing physician also assessed effectiveness. All score parameters related to coughing improved, in some cases appreciably, relative to the placebo group. The findings in term of sputum volume and color, were also distinctly better in the Gelomyrtol forte group. Correspondingly, both patients and physicians assessed the effectiveness of Gelomyrtol forte to be distinctly better than that of the placebo. Although the groups are relatively too small and heterogeneous, to establish statistically significant differences, the results do strongly suggest a favorable and major effect in patients with relevant cough symptoms. Both subjective and objective tolerance was excellent.
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PMID:[Chronic obstructive bronchitis. Effect of Gelomyrtol forte in a placebo-controlled double-blind study]. 179 31

A health survey was carried out among 8259 second- and fifth-grade schoolchildren living in three towns along the Israeli coast. The schoolchildren performed the following pulmonary function tests: forced vital capacity, forced expiratory volume in 1 sec, and peak expiratory flow, their parents filled out an American Thoracic Society-National Heart and Lung Institute health questionnaire. The aim of the survey was to study the impact of environmental and home exposures on the prevalence of respiratory conditions and on pulmonary function tests among Israeli schoolchildren. The health effects of exposure to passive smoking are discussed in detail. A trend of a higher frequency of reported respiratory conditions was found among schoolchildren whose fathers or mothers are smokers compared with children whose parents do not smoke. A statistically significant excess between 1.4% (for wheezing without cold) and 4.7% (for cough with cold) was found for children of smoking fathers; the excess for children of smoking mothers was between 1.6% (for wheezing with cold) and 3.6% (for cough with cold) compared with children of nonsmokers. A gradual excess in symptoms was found among children with none, one, and two smoking parents. Relative risks were found to be between 1.13 (for bronchitis) and 1.28 (for wheezing without cold) for children of smoking fathers, and between 1.24 (for asthma) and 1.41 (for cough with sputum) for children of smoking mothers, compared with 1.00 for children of nonsmokers. There was no consistent trend of reduced pulmonary function tests among children of smokers compared with nonsmokers' children.
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PMID:Passive smoking among schoolchildren in Israel. 182 Feb 66

In 1988, the authors conducted a questionnaire-based study on the health effects of the indoor environment in 30 Canadian communities. This paper focuses on the association between the respiratory health of young children and home dampness and molds. A total of 17,962 parents or guardians of schoolchildren received a questionnaire, and 14,948 (83.2%) questionnaires were returned. Children living in mobile homes, tents, and boats were excluded as were those with cystic fibrosis, leaving 13,495 children included in the study group. The housing stock was distributed as follows: 81% were one-family detached homes, 6% were one-family attached homes, and 13% were buildings for two or more families. Molds were reported in 32.4%, flooding in 24.1%, and moisture in 14.1% of the homes. Prevalences of all respiratory symptoms were consistently higher in homes with reported molds or dampness; i.e., adjusted odds ratios ranged from 1.32 (95% confidence interval 1.06-1.39) for bronchitis to 1.89 (95% confidence interval 1.58-2.26) for cough. The prevalence of home dampness or molds, 37.8%, indicates that it is an important public health issue. Further studies are required to elucidate the pathogenesis.
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PMID:Respiratory health effects of home dampness and molds among Canadian children. 186 3

A 39-year-old man with a history of repeated attacks of acute bronchitis and pneumonia since childhood was admitted complaining of cough, sputum, and a high fever. A diagnosis of Kartagener's syndrome was made because of the presence of mirror-image dextrocardia with complete situs inversus, bronchiectasis in right B6 and B10, and chronic sinusitis. Examination of the ciliary ultrastructure of the bronchial epithelium showed defective inner dynein arms and impaired nasal clearance was suggested by the saccharin particle method. Contrast venography of great veins revealed a McCotter type II bilateral superior vena cava and an absent inferior vena cava with (hemi-) azygos continuation. A search to find a similar case in the literature failed. Abnormal ciliary movement from the embryonic period was implicated as a causative factor in Kartagener's triad and the morphological abnormalities of the great veins.
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PMID:[A case of Kartagener's syndrome with bilateral superior vena cava and absent inferior vena cava]. 186 4

We prospectively compared sputum induction with bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) in HIV positive patients presenting with acute respiratory episodes and also assessed the effects of using an experienced respiratory physiotherapist on the diagnostic yield from induced sputum. One hundred and fifty-one consecutive patients underwent sputum induction, in 96 the procedure was supervised by nursing and medical staff with no specific expertise (group I); in 55 patients a physiotherapist supervised sputum induction (group 2). Nine patients refused BAL having undergone sputum induction. Of the remaining 142 patients sputum induction failed (no sample expectorated) in 28 patients (25 from group 1 and three from group 2), the sample was inadequate (the material expectorated was not from the lower respiratory tract) in 29, and was adequate in 85 patients. Pneumocystis carinii was diagnosed in 82 patients (51 from group 1 and 31 from group 2). The sensitivity of induced sputum for the diagnosis of P. carinii was 13% and of BAL was 77%. In the subgroup of patients with an adequate induced sputum sample, the sensitivity of induced sputum was 28% and of BAL was 73%. Of the remaining 60 patients, 27 had other diagnoses made by induced sputum and BAL (eight patients), BAL only (15 patients) and induced sputum only (four patients). Eleven patients had bronchitis and responded to oral antibiotics. In 22 patients induced sputum and BAL were negative; alternative diagnoses were established by lung biopsy or by culture of blood, urine or CSF. During sputum induction, 15 patients had nausea and vomiting, eight became dyspnoeic, three had intractable cough and one developed acute bronchoconstriction; 17 patients found the procedure unpleasant. Compared with BAL, induced sputum has a lower diagnostic yield for P. carinii and other pathogens. Use of experienced, dedicated personnel increases the number of successful attempts at sputum induction but does not increase the diagnostic yield. Fibreoptic bronchoscopy and bronchoalveolar lavage remain necessary for patients with negative results from induced sputum and those whose disease course is at variance with the diagnosis made by sputum induction.
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PMID:Sputum induction for the diagnosis of pulmonary disease in HIV positive patients. 188 13

Animal studies have shown that frequent coughing may damage the mucociliary apparatus in flow-limiting segments of the central airways. To determine whether mucociliary clearance in humans is affected by repeated dynamic compression associated with forced expirations, we measured pulmonary deposition and mucociliary clearance for 2 h of inhaled [99Tcm]albumin. The subjects inhaled [99Tcm]albumin on 2 study days (randomized) using (A) slow inspirations and forced expirations, while inhalation using (B) forced inspirations and slow expirations served as control. The study was conducted using 10 patients with chronic hypersecretory/obstructive bronchitis and six normal subjects. We found that inhalation of [99Tcm]albumin by the two manoeuvres (A and B) resulted in similar patterns of aerosol deposition. There was no significant difference in retention of radioactivity in the central lung region at 1 h in the patients with chronic bronchitis after inhalation with manoeuvre A (102%) and with manoeuvre B (91.5%), or in the healthy subjects after manoeuvre A (74%) and manoeuvre B (77%). There was also no difference in the retention at 2 h or in overall mucociliary clearance in any of the groups. We conclude that dynamic compression in the central airways associated with forced expiration does not affect bronchial clearance in the airways of healthy subjects or in patients with chronic bronchitis.
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PMID:The effect of forced expirations on mucociliary clearance in patients with chronic bronchitis and in healthy subjects. 193 40


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