Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0010200 (cough)
 23,843 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was analysed to determine a lumbar puncture (LP) yield for meningitis in 95 children who presented with their first febrile convulsions between July 1993 and June 1994. There were 52 males and 43 females aged six months to six years with a mean age of 21.9 +/- 13.0 months at presentation. 87(91.6%) had simple febrile convulsions (SFC) while the remaining 8(8.4%) had complex febrile convulsions (CFC). The majority of the subjects presented with a sudden onset of convulsions that were preceded by a day or two history of fever, coryza, cough and respiratory distress while others had their convulsions preceded by fever and passage of bloody stools. The LP yield for meningitis in this series was 6.3%. The CSF analysis revealed six cases of meningitis comprising an eight month old infant with Haemophilus influenzae type B (HIB) meningitis, two partially treated pyogenic meningitis and three aseptic meningitis. All of them had presented with febrile convulsions without signs of meningeal irritation. Excluding aseptic meningitis from this series, a 3.1% LP yield for pyogenic meningitis is significant enough to recommend continued performance of LP in children with first febrile convulsions, especially if under the age of eighteen months.
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PMID:Analysis of the results of routine lumbar puncture after a first febrile convulsion in Hofuf, Al-Hassa, Saudi Arabia. 749 8

There are approximately 20,000 excess deaths from cardiovascular disease each winter in England and Wales. The reasons for the excess have not been fully elucidated. For one year, we studied 96 men and women aged 65-74 living in their own homes in order to examine seasonal variation in plasma fibrinogen and factor VII clotting activity (FVIIc), and to investigate relationships with infection and other cardiovascular-disease risk factors. Both fibrinogen and FVIIc plasma values were greater in winter with estimated winter-summer differences (confidence intervals) of 0.13 (0.05-0.20) g/L for fibrinogen and 4.2 (1.2-7.1)% of standard for FVIIc. These differences could account for 15% and 9% increases in ischaemic heart disease risk in winter respectively. After adjustment for confounding by season, fibrinogen was strongly related to neutrophil count (p < 0.0001), C-reactive protein (p < 0.0001), alpha 1-antichymotrypsin (p < 0.0001), and self-reported cough (p < 0.0001) and coryza (p = 0.0004), but not to ambient temperature. Therefore, we suggest that seasonal variation in fibrinogen might be induced by winter respiratory infections via activation of the acute phase response. Seasonal variations in the cardiovascular risk factors fibrinogen and FVIIc provide further possible explanations for the marked seasonal variation in death from ischaemic heart disease and stroke in the elderly.
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PMID:Seasonal variations of plasma fibrinogen and factor VII activity in the elderly: winter infections and death from cardiovascular disease. 790 26

A study was undertaken to determine the extent of measles underreporting among preschool-age children. In two community surveys conducted in inner-city Los Angeles during 1990 and 1991, respondents were asked whether preschool-age children in their households had ever been ill with measles. Information about measles episodes was obtained and medical records were reviewed, when available. A probable measles case was defined as having 3 or more days of rash with fever of 38.3 degrees centigrade or greater, and either cough, coryza, or conjunctivitis. To determine the proportion of cases reported, probable measles cases identified were matched with measles cases reported to the Los Angeles County Department of Health Services. Of the 947 children ages 6 weeks through 59 months included in the surveys, 35 children had experienced an illness episode which met the probable measles case definition. Ten (29 percent) of the 35 probable measles cases were reported to the health department. Hospitals reported 9 (69 percent) of 13 probable measles cases evaluated while private physicians' offices reported 0 (0 percent) of 12 evaluated (Fisher's exact test, P < 0.001), although 5 children were seen by private physicians before rash onset. Reporting was more complete for cases occurring during 1990 and 1991 (33 percent) than from 1987 through 1989 (18 percent). The hospitalization rate for preschool-age children with probable measles cases in the catchment area was estimated to be 8 percent (95 percent confidence interval = 0 to 18 percent). Although measles is a serious communicable disease which is almost completely preventable, cases of it among preschool-age children in this high incidence area were substantially underreported,especially by private physicians. Due to reporting bias, reported measles cases were representative of more severe cases than all the cases that occurred.
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PMID:Measles reporting completeness during a community-wide epidemic in inner-city Los Angeles. 763 Sep 92

Symptoms of acute mountain sickness (AMS) and infection were recorded daily in 283 hikers walking the Mount Everest base camp trek in the Nepal Himalaya. Some 57% of subjects developed AMS, and 87% experienced at least one symptom of infection during the study period. Coryza (75%), cough (42%), sore throat (39%), and diarrhea (36%) were especially prevalent. All symptoms of infection were more prevalent among those with AMS. The incidence of AMS was greater among those with more symptoms of infection (p = 0.00004), and the number of symptoms of infection experienced with positively correlated with AMS score (rs = 0.43, 95% CI = 0.33 to 0.52). These results suggest that symptoms of infection are common at high altitude and are associated with a higher incidence of AMS. People with infections should ascend at a slower rate at high altitude.
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PMID:Symptoms of infection and altitude illness among hikers in the Mount Everest region of Nepal. 772 79

We hypothesized that many children with Down's syndrome have undiagnosed otitis media. In a 1989 study of lateral neck radiographs of 22 children with Down's syndrome, we found that 64% had sclerosis of the mastoid air cells, indicating untreated or inadequately treated otitis media. We reviewed the lateral neck radiographs of 53 children with Down's syndrome and interviewed their parents regarding the diagnosis of otitis media. Mastoid air cells were found to be sclerotic in 22 (42%) of study subjects; 32% of these had no known history of otitis media. For the 68% of children diagnosed as having had otitis media, the most common symptoms were fever (61%) and cough or coryza (58%). Sclerosis of the mastoid processes was not associated with a high frequency of otitis media (> 20 episodes) or a higher frequency of hearing loss, but was associated with subsequent myringotomy and insertion of a ventilatory tube (P = .038). Our finding of sclerotic mastoids in 42% of children with Down's syndrome raises the possibility that children with Down's syndrome have unidentified or inadequately treated episodes of otitis media.
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PMID:Sclerosis of the mastoid air cells as an indicator of undiagnosed otitis media in children with Down's syndrome. 795 83

We report a case of pectin-induced occupational asthma in a 35-year-old man. His job involved mixing powdered pectin into a fruit puree during the manufacture of jam. Within minutes of adding pectin, he developed coryza, rhinorrhea, coughing, and wheezing. His symptoms cleared during weekends while away from work and improved with the use of a protective face mask at work. Peak flow rates were significantly lower while at work compared with those at home, and a prick skin test with the pectin powder was positive. We conclude that pectin should be added to the list of the substances known to induce occupational asthma.
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PMID:Occupational asthma caused by pectin inhalation during the manufacture of jam. 841 15

In order to detect problems in the management of acute respiratory infection in children and to optimize training, a survey was undertaken in 1993 including 9 pediatricians, 27 general practitioners, and 58 nurses in Bujumbura, Burundi. A questionnaire including 15 main items was used. Findings showed a poor understanding of risk factors in 62% of the population, especially among general practitioners and nurses. Clinically 79% were able to make a proper diagnosis of pneumonia. Overtreatment of coryza using antimicrobial, mucolytic, and cough drugs was suspected in 88.8%. Findings were similar with regard to management of pneumonia. Wheezing was treated in accordance with WHO recommendations in only 18% of cases. For acute respiratory infection, 53.6% used penicillin A, 18% used penicillin G, 15.9% used cotrimoxazole and 2.9% used macrolides. The duration of antimicrobial therapy was unnecessarily long for 49.4%. While 70.5% of the population (100% of pediatricians) considered the state of their knowledge and practices to be sufficient, 93.6% (55.6% of pediatricians) indicated that specific training in this field would be useful. This survey suggests that training is needed for health care workers at all levels specifically in the management and prevention of acute respiratory infection in children.
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PMID:[Burundi: knowledge and practices of physicians and nursing personnel about acute respiratory infections in children]. 876 2

Different vehicles of transmission of the same pathogen may induce different clinical manifestations of the disease. The hypothesis was tested that the clinical manifestation of food-borne streptococcal pharyngitis is different from air-borne streptococcal pharyngitis. The symptoms and signs of 77 patients with endemic air-borne streptococcal pharyngitis compared to 103 patients with epidemic food-borne streptococcal pharyngitis (T type 8/25/imp19, M protein negative) and 11 patients with secondary air-borne epidemic streptococcal pharyngitis (T type 8/25/imp19, M protein negative) were prospectively evaluated. The patients with food-borne streptococcal pharyngitis had a significantly higher frequency of sore throat, fever, pharyngeal erythema, tonsillar enlargement and submandibular lymphadenopathy and a lower frequency of coryza and cough compared to the patients with endemic air-borne streptococcal pharyngitis. Although both food-borne and air-borne streptococcal infection caused upper respiratory tract infection, the clinical manifestation of food-borne streptococcal pharyngitis was more severe and more confined to the pharynx compared to the endemic air-borne disease. Involvement of the nasal mucosa and bronchial tree was more common in air-borne streptococcal pharyngitis than in the food-borne disease.
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PMID:Food-borne and air-borne streptococcal pharyngitis--a clinical comparison. 903 31

We determined the effect of influenza vaccine in patients with relapsing/remitting MS. Considerable controversy surrounds the question of whether to administer influenza vaccines to MS patients. Prevention of a febrile viral illness is clearly desirable in MS, and previous studies suggest that immunization is safe. Despite this, many clinicians avoid vaccination because they fear precipitating an MS exacerbation. We conducted a multicenter, prospective, randomized, double-blind trial of influenza immunization in patients with relapsing/remitting MS. In the autumn of 1993, 104 patients at five MS centers received either standard influenza vaccine or placebo. Patients were followed for 6 months for evaluation of neurologic status and the occurrence of influenza. Influenza was operationally defined as fever > or = 38 degrees C in the presence of coryza, cough, or sore throat at a time when the disease was present in the community. Attacks were defined in the standard manner, requiring objective change in the examination. Patients were examined at 4 weeks and 6 months after inoculation and were contacted by telephone at 1 week and 3 months. They were also examined at times of possible attacks but not when they were sick with flu-like illness. Three vaccine patients and two placebo patients experienced attacks within 28 days of vaccine (no significant difference). Exacerbation rates in the first month for both groups were equal to or less than expected from published series. The two groups showed no difference in attack rate or disease progression over 6 months. Influenza immunization in MS patients is neither associated with an increased exacerbation rate in the postvaccination period nor a change in disease course over the subsequent 6 months.
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PMID:A multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of influenza immunization in multiple sclerosis. 937 55

A prospective study was conducted over a 3-month winter period in three general practice clinics in an urban population in southern Israel to identify the etiological agents of respiratory tract infections (RTI) in adults. RTI was defined as an acute febrile illness with cough, coryza, sore throat or hoarseness. Serum samples were taken from all patients in both the acute and convalescent phases of their illness. Tests were conducted for detection of 17 microorganisms known to cause RTI, including serological tests for 16 known pathogens. An etiological diagnosis was established in 80 (66%) of the 122 patients who participated in the study. The distribution of the etiological agents was as follows: influenza B virus in 27 (22%) patients. Chlamydia pneumoniae in 22 (18%), Legionella spp. in 15 (12%), Mycoplasma pneumoniae in 13 (11%), influenza A virus in 11 (9%), Bordetella pertussis in 9 (7%), adenovirus in 4, Epstein Barr virus in 4, Haemophilus influenzae in 3, beta-hemolytic streptococci in 3, Streptococcus pneumoniae in 2, respiratory syncytial virus in 2, parainfluenza 1 virus in 2 and parainfluenza 2 virus in 1. No patients were found to be infected with Coxiella burnetii, Moraxella catarrhalis or parainfluenza 3 virus. More than one pathogen was identified in 27 (34%) patients in whom an etiological diagnosis was established. It is concluded that RTI is caused by a broad spectrum of etiological agents, a considerable number of patients having evidence of infection with more than one pathogen. The therapeutic significance of these findings should be elucidated in further studies.
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PMID:Etiology of respiratory tract infection in adults in a general practice setting. 986 80


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