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Query: UMLS:C0010200 (cough)
 23,843 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Zygomycosis is an uncommon, but frequently fatal, fungal infection caused by members of the class Zygomycetes. The risk factors include diabetes mellitus, uremia, leukemia and use of deferoxamine as an iron-chelating agent; healthy persons also are occasionally infected. Those fungi, spread by their ubiquitous spores, most frequently involve the respiratory system. Rhinocerebral zygomycosis occurs predominantly in patients with uncontrolled diabetic ketoacidosis. Pulmonary zygomycosis most frequently is observed in granulocytopenic and corticosteroid-treated patients. Other clinical manifestations are gastrointestinal, cutaneous, disseminated and miscellaneous. This report concerns a previously robust farmer who suffered from left upper lung abscess caused by Rhizopus spp.-one member of the order Mucorales. Initially, it was intended to administer amphotericin B to a total dose of 2,000 mg; however, the patient could not tolerate such side effects as nausea, vomiting and refused further management when the cumulative dose was 948 mg. However, he did recover without further fever and cough. Chest X-ray, followed every three months, disclosed satisfactory improvement.
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PMID:Zygomycotic lung abscess: a case report. 755 21

Pulmonary mycoses can be life threatening in patients who are in an immunocompromised state stemming from defective host defenses or the use of certain treatment regimens. In 36 immunosuppressed patients undergoing thoracotomy for the treatment of pulmonary fungal disease, the underlying cause of immunosuppression was malignancy (n = 9), Wegener's granulomatosis (n = 4), hematologic disorders (aplastic anemia, 5-Q minus syndrome, or myelofibrosis) (n = 6), or chronic granulomatous disease of childhood (n = 17). The mean age of the patients was 25 years, and 89% were symptomatic (fever, n = 27; cough, n = 20; chest pain, n = 14; and other, n = 13). Chest x-ray studies revealed the presence of cavitary disease (n = 7), a mass (n = 8), infiltrates (n = 20), or cavity and infiltrate (n = 1). A preoperative diagnosis was lacking in 23 of the 36 patients. Procedures included wedge biopsy (n = 13), segmentectomy with or without wedge or chest wall resection (n = 5), lobectomy with or without chest wall resection (n = 16), wedge resection plus completion pneumonectomy (n = 1), and segmentectomy plus completion pneumonectomy (n = 1). Fungi identified included Aspergillus (n = 23), Zygomycetes (n = 4), Cryptococcus (n = 3), and other (n = 6; 1 each), and specific antifungal treatment was instituted in 34 of the patients (94%). The 31% operative (ie, < 30-day or inhospital) mortality was chiefly due to multiorgan system failure (9/11).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Thoracotomy for pulmonary mycoses in non-HIV-immunosuppressed patients. 806 28

Zygomycosis was produced experimentally in 20 New Zealand white rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) by intra-nasal administration of spores of Absidia corymbifera. Infected animals showed dullness, depression, coughing and mucopurulent nasal discharge, but no mortality. Haematology revealed no significant change in Hb and PCV, but leukocytosis due to neutrophilia in the initial stages of the experiment. There was a significant increase in serum total proteins, creatinine, AST, ALT, total Igs and CICs. A. corymbifera specific IgM and IgG antibodies were detected in the sera of the infected animals. Gross lesions consisted of pneumonic consolidations of the anteroventral lobes of the lungs. Microscopically, histology showed formation of pyogranulommas in the lungs. Fungal elements typical of A. corymbifera were demonstrated in the tissues upto 15 days after infection by special stains and confirmed by indirect immunoperoxidase. Re-isolation of the fungus from lungs was also achieved consistently upto 15 days only. It was concluded that intra-nasal instillation of A. corymbifera in rabbits produced significant clinico-pathological alterations with the lesions confined mainly to the lungs. In the present study, neither systemic dissemination of the disease occurred nor were kidneys site of predilection as reported earlier.
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PMID:Experimental zygomycosis in rabbits: clinicopathological studies. 1042 71

A 39-year-old woman received an allogeneic peripheral blood stem cell transplantation from her daughter for secondary myelodysplastic syndrome. On day +12, a cough and fever developed. Chest X-ray and computed tomography demonstrated a consolidation in the left lung. A diagnosis of pulmonary zygomycosis was made on the histology from a transbronchial lung biopsy. Although amphotericin B (AMPH-B) showed efficacy, dose reduction was necessary because of renal toxicity. The patient died of pulmonary zygomycosis, confirmed by an autopsy. We strongly hope for authorization as soon as possible of the use of such a drug as liposomal AMPH-B which appears less toxic.
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PMID:[Early onset invasive pulmonary zygomycosis following allogeneic peripheral blood stem cell transplantation in a patient with therapy-related myelodysplastic syndrome]. 1516 50

Zygomycosis was produced experimentally in Asian water buffalo calves (Bubalus bubalis) by intratracheal inoculation of sporangiospores of Absidia corymbifera. Infected animals exhibited dullness, depression, partial anorexia, initial pyrexia, mucopurulent nasal and ocular discharge and coughing during the first week. There was no mortality at any stage of the experiment, which continued for 30 days. The gross and microscopic lesions were restricted to the lungs and there was no dissemination of the fungus to other organs. Gross and microscopic changes in the lungs were observed up to the 20th day post-infection. Gross lesions consisted of pneumonic consolidation of the antero-ventral lobes of the lungs. Microscopic changes consisted of granulomatous reactions with well developed pulmonary granulomas. Distorted hyphae of A. corymbifera were demonstrated in tissue sections up to 15 days post inoculation. Re-isolation of the fungus was achieved consistently for up to 15 days. It is concluded that intratracheal inoculation of A. corymbifera in buffalo calves leads to significant pathological changes in the lungs, but the disease appears to be self limiting 20 days following inoculation.
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PMID:Sequential pathological studies in Asian water buffaloes infected intratracheally with Absidia corymbifera. 1847 35

Invasive fungal sinusitis should be suspected in immunocompromised or diabetic patients who present with acute sinusitis, inflammation of nasal septal mucosa, unexplained fever or cough, or the orbital apex syndrome. Histopathological studies are required to differentiate among these syndromes. Acute (fulminant) invasive fungal sinusitis has been called mucormycosis, zygomycosis and fulminant invasive sinusitis. Fever, cough, crusting of nasal mucosa, epistaxis, and headache are the most common presenting symptoms. Histopathological studies show hyphal invasion of blood vessels, vasculitis with thrombosis, and tissue infarction. Reports of granulomatous invasive fungal sinusitis come primarily from Sudan, but also from India, Pakistan, and the United States. Patients usually present with proptosis, appear to be immunocompetent and are infected almost exclusively with A. flavus. Chronic invasive fungal sinusitis can be distinguished from the two other forms of invasive fungal sinusitis by its chronic course, dense accumulation of hyphae resembling a mycetoma, and association with the orbital apex syndrome, diabetes mellitus, and corticosteroid treatment. Biopsy and orbital exploration show vascular invasion by fungal elements and only a sparse chronic inflammatory infiltrate.
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PMID:Syndromes of invasive fungal sinusitis. 1865 20

We report a case of pulmonary zygomycosis associated with unusual deposition of calcium salt crystals. The patient was a 75-year-old female who had onset of cough and shortness of breath. She was treated for community-acquired pneumonia but died despite intensive therapy. Postmortem examination revealed diffuse alveolar damage and multifocal necrotizing pneumonia associated with herpes simplex infection and invasive zygomycosis. Birefringent particles were seen associated with fungal elements in the lung parenchyma, within bronchial cartilage, and in blood vessel walls. By infrared spectroscopy, the birefringent particles in the pulmonary parenchyma and within bronchial cartilage had spectral characteristics of calcium oxalate dihydrate and calcium oxalate monohydrate, respectively. The birefringent crystals within vascular walls were identified as calcium carbonate. This case documents the chemical composition and location of 3 different calcium salt crystals in pulmonary zygomycosis. It also shows that among pulmonary fungal infections, calcium oxalate deposition is not restricted to aspergillosis.
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PMID:Deposition of calcium salts in a case of pulmonary zygomycosis: histopathologic and chemical findings. 1945 61

Pulmonary Mucormycosis is an uncommon disease caused by fungi of class Zygomycetes. It occurs predminantly in an immunodeficient host most common risk factor being diabetes mellitus. The lesions are localized in the lungs or the mediastinum. We are reporting a case of 70 years old male, having cough, haemoptysis, fever and chest pain. He was on antituberculosis treatment (RHEZ) for last 10 days and was later found to have Pulmonary Mucormycosis on further evaluation.
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PMID:Pulmonary mucormycosis mimicking as pulmonary tuberculosis: a case report. 2016 66

Mycetoma is defined as a fungus ball that fills a preexisting lung cavity, most frequently being of tuberculous or sarcoid etiology. The most frequently isolated fungus is the species of Aspergillus, but other fungi such as Fusarium or Zygomycetes can also be present. Most patients lack symptoms. However, presentation may also be with hemoptysis, which can be massive and life-threatening. We describe the case of a 50-year-old man with a history of prior pulmonary tuberculosis, with recurrent episodes of cough and hemoptysis. He was diagnosed to have mycetoma in the left upper lobe cavity. The mycetoma was extracted through bronchoscopy under general anesthesia using a cryoprobe. Treatment was completed with amphotericin B instilled in the cavity and the patient was placed on oral itraconazole. This is the first case report to date in which cryotherapy was used to remove a mycetoma.
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PMID:Endobronchial cryotherapy for a mycetoma. 2416 17

Mucormycosis is a rare infection caused by the ubiquitous filamentous fungi of the order Mucorales and class Zygomycetes. These species are vasotropic, causing rapid onset of tissue infarctions and necrosis and subsequent thrombosis by invading vascular bed. The disease spectrum ranges from involvement of skin, sinuses, lung, and brain to disseminated and mostly fatal infections, especially in immunocompromised hosts. Here, we present a case of a fatal disseminated mucormycosis in a 56-year-old female who had deceased donor renal allograft transplantation ~2 weeks prior to presentation. She presented with shortness of breath and dry cough. Despite being on broad-spectrum antibiotics/antifungals and proper management by transplant, infectious disease, and primary team, she died within 3 weeks of admission. Autopsy showed disseminated mucormycosis of lungs and thyroid. Disseminated infection within 2 weeks of solid organ transplantation in this patient was one of the rare features of mucormycosis.
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PMID:Case of early-disseminated Rhizopus microsporus var. microsporus mucormycosis in a renal transplant patient. 2735 31


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