Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0010200 (cough)
 23,843 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In 1990, among pregnant women .1% tested positive for HIV antibodies in Amsterdam compared to 24.5% in Lusaka, Zambia. During 1990 and 1991 data were collected from 231 patients fulfilling the WHO clinical criteria for the diagnosis of AIDS in 3 hospitals of Sesheke, a rural Zambian district. 46.3% of the group was male and 53.7% was female, and the mean age of women was significantly lower than that of men (25.2 vs. 31.1 years, p 0.001). A total of 185 patients could be tested for HIV-1 antibodies using ELISA-Welcozyme and HIVCECK-Du Pont. There were 141 (81.6%) positive results, 19 (10.3%) negative results, and in 15 (8.1%) cases the outcome was not clear. Seroprevalence figures for HIV-1 in the same period were 16% for blood donors and 41% for patients attending the clinic for sexually transmitted diseases. Most patients with AIDS in Sesheke district present with a wasting syndrome, and in these cases, tuberculosis (TB), whose incidence has increased dramatically, has to be excluded. Loss of more than 10% of body weight was the most common symptom followed by chronic cough lasting for more than 1 month, fever persisting for more than 1 month, and chronic diarrhea lasting for more than 1 more. Chronic coughing was more frequent among adults than among children (P 0.001). Weight loss, chronic diarrhea, persistent coughing, generalized lymphadenopathy, generalized dermatitis, and oropharyngeal candidiasis occurred among both adults and children equally often. Only 4 patients (18%) and extrapulmonary TB in 10 patients (4%). In the district there was no registration system for the dead and the follow-up of AIDS patients were not organized well, but as of January 1, 1992, from hospital records it was established that 74 patients out of the 231 studied were decreased. The outlook for the population in Sesheke and Zambia is dim in light of the current high seroprevalence rate.
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PMID:[AIDS in a Zambian district]. 147 Feb 44

There is no consensus regarding the specific management of HIV-associated nephrotic syndrome. We report a child whose first manifestation of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection was nephropathy and wasting syndrome associated with profound immunodeficiency. The patient had a dramatic clinical and immunologic response to triple antiretroviral therapy delivered through a gastrostomy tube, with complete resolution of nephrotic syndrome. A 51/2-year-old African-American girl presented with a 2-week history of cough, chest pain, vomiting, loose stools, abdominal distention, anorexia, and fever. In addition, she had recurrent oral thrush. Her weight and height were below the 5th percentile. She was chronically ill, appearing with oropharyngeal thrush and pitting edema in lower extremities. She had scattered rhonchi and decreased breath sounds on both lung bases. Her abdomen was distended and diffusely tender. A chest radiograph showed consolidation of the right upper and left lower lobes with bilateral pleural effusion. Admission laboratories were consistent with nephrotic syndrome. Streptococcus pneumoniae grew from the blood culture and the child responded well to treatment with intravenous ceftriaxone. She was found to be HIV-infected, her CD4(+) cell count was 3 cells/mcL and her plasma HIV-1 RNA was >750 000 copies/mL. A percutaneous gastrostomy tube was placed for supplemental nutrition. She was treated with stavudine, lamivudine, and nelfinavir via gastrostomy tube with good clinical response. Twenty-one months after instituting antiretroviral therapy, her weight and height had increased to the 50th and 10th percentile respectively, and she had complete resolution of her nephrotic syndrome. Her CD4(+) cell count increased to 1116 cells/mcL and her viral load has remained undetectable. HIV-1 associated nephrotic syndrome has been described in children with profound immunodeficiency. The course of untreated HIV-associated nephrotic syndrome is rapid progression to renal failure in up to 40% of the children. Regardless of the presence of renal insufficiency, if untreated, it is uniformly fatal. A modest improvement of HIV-1 associated nephrotic syndrome has been observed in patients treated with zidovudine. Steroid and cyclosporine treatment have resulted in improved renal function but long-term use of immunosuppressive therapy has raised concerns about safety. We have described, to our knowledge, the first child with HIV-associated nephrotic syndrome who had a remarkable clinical, immunologic, and virologic response to triple-drug combination therapy given by gastrostomy tube, with complete resolution of proteinuria and normalization of the serum albumin. She also had a striking improvement in weight, height, and quality-of-life. Whether the presence of a gastrostomy tube contributed to the excellent response because of improved compliance is unknown, but warrants systematic evaluation.
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PMID:Resolution of HIV-associated nephrotic syndrome with highly active antiretroviral therapy delivered by gastrostomy tube. 1058 95

The effects of a single-dose recombinant Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) open reading frame 2 (ORF2) subunit vaccine were studied in a post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS)-affected pig herd. A total of 1519 3-week-old piglets were allocated randomly into two treatment groups and either vaccinated against PCV2 or treated with a placebo. Study animals were followed from the time of vaccination until the end of finishing. Onset of PCV2 viraemia and clinical signs of PMWS (wasting, cough, dyspnoea, pallor and lethargy) were observed when animals were approximately 9-10 weeks old. Compared to placebo-treated animals, vaccinated animals had a significantly reduced PCV2 viral load and duration of viraemia (p < 0.0001). This reduction in viraemia was not affected by the level of maternal anti-PCV2 antibodies present at the time of vaccination. During the period of viraemia (10-26 weeks of age) vaccinated animals exhibited a 53% reduction in mortality rate (p = 0.0010), a 4.84 kg higher body weight gain (p < 0.0001) and a significant reduction in clinical signs (p < or = 0.0004). Furthermore, lung samples of vaccinated animals had a considerably reduced number of co-infections with PRRSV and Mycoplasma hyorhinis than lung samples of placebo-treated animals. These data indicate that vaccination against PCV2 alone protects pigs from clinical signs and co-infections associated with PMWS.
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PMID:Reduction of PMWS-associated clinical signs and co-infections by vaccination against PCV2. 1851 42

Systemic toxoplasmosis and concurrent infection with porcine circovirus-2 (PCV-2) was diagnosed in a fattening pig. Clinical examination of the herd showed that up to 30% of the pigs of this weight group suffered from severe respiratory signs including sneezing and coughing, with a mortality rate of up to 5%. Gross necropsy examination revealed severe interstitial pneumonia and generalized lymphadenopathy. On microscopical examination there was necrotizing inflammation of the lung, adrenal glands and lymph nodes, associated with lymphoid depletion, cytoplasmic basophilic botryoid inclusion bodies and protozoal microorganisms. Infection with Toxoplasma gondii was confirmed by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Polymerase chain reaction analysis, in-situ hybridization and IHC confirmed systemic PCV-2 infection. These findings, associated with the respiratory signs and lesions in lymphoid tissues, are characteristic for post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS). In this case, immunosuppression by PCV-2 may have triggered systemic toxoplasmosis, or immune stimulation caused by coinfection with T. gondii may have caused extensive replication of PCV-2.
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PMID:Systemic toxoplasmosis and concurrent porcine circovirus-2 infection in a pig. 1974 Apr 79

The aim of this study was to assess the effect of simultaneous experimental inoculation of porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2; intranasal delivery) and Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (Mhyo; transtracheal delivery) into conventional, seropositive 6-week-old piglets. Thirty-six male piglets were assigned randomly to four groups: control (n=6), PCV2 (n=6), Mhyo (n=12) and PCV2+Mhyo (n=12). Blood samples and faecal and nasal swabs were collected at 0, 7, 14 and 21 days post inoculation (dpi). No significant clinical signs attributable to PCV2 infection were observed during the experiment. Coughing was recorded in three pigs from the Mhyo group and six from the PCV2+Mhyo group. No significant differences in mean body weight and rectal temperature were observed between the groups. Mild microscopical lesions similar to those reported for post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome were observed in two PCV2 pigs and in one PCV2+Mhyo animal. Mhyo-compatible lung lesions were observed in 21/24 pigs inoculated with Mhyo (10 from the Mhyo group and 11 from the PCV2+Mhyo group). PCV2 was detected by in-situ hybridization in 3/12 PCV2 and in 4/12 PCV2+Mhyo animals. No significant differences in PCV2 load (serum and nasal and faecal swabs), duration of viraemia or antibody titre were detected between PCV2-inoculated groups. No significant differences in Mhyo load in nasal swabs, percentage of Mhyo-seropositive pigs and mean lung score was detected between Mhyo-inoculated groups. Under the conditions of the present study, concurrent inoculation of PCV2 and Mhyo did not result in potentiation of clinical signs and lesions attributed to either infection.
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PMID:Simultaneous porcine circovirus type 2 and Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae co-inoculation does not potentiate disease in conventional pigs. 2252 76