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Query: UMLS:C0010200 (cough)
 23,843 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Studied was the Bovine corona virus as taking part in the epizootiology of respiratory diseases in calves. On 4 out of the 7 investigated farms there was a rise of the antibodies against the virus. Two strains were isolated from 2 diseased calves, using tissue culture of trachea. They were the III 213/81 and III 214/81 strains and were identified as bovine corona viruses. Test calves experimentally infected via the trachea with the III 214/81 strain responded with a slight and transient rise of body temperature and a slight cough. The virus was reisolated from the nasal discharge of 3 diseased calves as well as from the feces of one affected calf. The direct immunofluorescence method was employed to establish cytoplasmic fluorescence between the 4th and the 8 h day of infection. The immune response observed with the infected animals confirmed the development of the corona-virus infection. The clinical observations with calves on both the farms with spontaneous infections and those with experimentally induced infections showed that the bovine corona virus could not cause a strongly manifested respiratory disease.
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PMID:[Participation of coronaviruses in the etiology of respiratory diseases in calves]. 298 45

Tracheal mucous velocity was measured in 13 healthy non-smokers using a radioisotope-labeled aerosol and a multidetector probe during respiratory virus infections. The movement of boluses of tracheal mucous were either absent or reduced in number in five subjects with myxovirus infection (four influenza and one respiratory syncytial virus) within 48 hr of the onset of symptoms and in four subjects 1 wk later. One subject with influenza still had reduced bolus formation 12-16 wk after infection. Frequent coughing was a feature of those subjects with absent tracheal boluses. In contrast, four subjects with rhinovirus infection had normal tracheal mucous velocity at 48 hr after the onset of symptoms (4.1 +/- 1.3 mm/min). Tracheal mucous velocity was also normal (4.6 +/- 1.1 mm/min) in four subjects in whom no specific viral agent could be defined but of respiratory viral infection. During health tracheal mucous velocity was (4.8 +/- 1.6 mm/min) in the eleven subjects who had measurements made. Disturbances in tracheal mucous transport during virus infection appear to depend upon the type of virus and are most severe in influenza A and respiratory syncytial virus infection.
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PMID:The effects of acute respiratory virus infection upon tracheal mucous transport. 300 87

Cough associated with angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors has long been considered a rare side effect. We report 8 cases, 7 with enalapril (10 to 20 mg/day) 1 with quinapril (40 mg/day) in which cough occurred after a mean duration of treatment of 39 days. In all patients, cough disappeared with a mean delay of 2 days with no other treatment than withdrawal of the drug. In 6 patients, cough was reinduced within less than a day with the same drug; in 5 patients a second reinduction with another ACE inhibitor gave the same result. These data suggest that cough is probably more frequent than it would appear from the literature. In clinical practice, if cough occurs in a patient treated with an ACE inhibitor, the drug may be continued for a few days in order to exclude an acute viral infection; if cough lasts more than a week, specific diagnostic procedures for pulmonary disease should be initiated; if it stops, the patient may be treated either for hypertension or chronic heart failure with another ACE inhibitor.
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PMID:[A secondary effect of converting enzyme inhibitors: cough]. 303 34

Chronic cough is a fairly common pediatric complaint. Usually, it is secondary to irritation of the airways following a respiratory viral infection. In these cases, the cough tends to diminish over time. There may, however, be a subsequent development of bronchial hyperreactivity. Asthma is common in the pediatric population. From 50% to 90% of chronic coughers may have hyperreactive airways. In the absence of a pulmonary function laboratory to test for this, a trial of bronchodilator therapy is warranted. Other conditions discussed may also cause chronic cough and a thorough history and physical examination with some simple radiologic investigations can help pinpoint the cause. Specific therapy can then be used to manage the problem. In addition to specific therapy, care must be taken to explain to the parents and patient the physiology of the cough and why it is present. Anxieties and fears should be dealt with in a caring and direct manner. Occasionally, non-specific therapy is needed to allow the parents and child some rest and relief.
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PMID:The approach to chronic cough in childhood. 273 64

Respiratory syncytial virus disease was documented in 11 immunocompromised adults, aged 21 to 50. Underlying conditions included bone marrow transplant (6 patients), renal transplant (3 patients), renal and pancreas transplants (1 patient), and T-cell lymphoma (1 patient). Diagnosis of infection was based on specimens from bronchoalveolar lavage, sputum, throat, sinus aspirate, and lung biopsy. The virus was detected simultaneously by antibody in either an immunofluorescence or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in 3 of 4 patients whose culture results were positive for respiratory syncytial virus. The virus was an unexpected finding, despite widespread infection in the community. Clinical symptoms included low-grade fever, nonproductive cough, rhinorrhea or nasal congestion, and radiographic evidence of interstitial infiltrates and sinusitis. Aerosolized ribavirin therapy was used in the 6 recipients of bone marrow transplants, 3 of whom required assisted ventilation but died. Death caused by virus infection was documented in 4 of 11 patients. Respiratory syncytial virus disease must be considered in the differential diagnosis of fever and pulmonary infiltrates in immunocompromised adults.
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PMID:Respiratory syncytial virus infection in immunocompromised adults. 338 4

To investigate the mechanisms involved in increasing bronchial reactivity, we made a model of airway reactivity increase in dogs after Type C influenza virus infection. Five beagle dogs were inoculated intranasally with the virus, and the time courses of changes in the hemagglutination inhibition (HI) antibody titer and the bronchial reactivity were determined. To assess bronchial reactivity the dogs were anesthetized, and dose-response curves of pulmonary resistance were obtained against increasing concentrations of acetylcholine aerosol. The dogs infected with the virus showed mild symptoms of rhinorrhea and cough. The HI antibody titer was significantly increased in all dogs, with peak values at 1 to 3 wk after infection. The bronchial reactivity to acetylcholine began to increase towards Day 3, reached a peak at 1 to 2 wk, and returned to a normal level at 4 wk. The airway reactivity to acetylcholine at 2 wk after infection was increased by 2.3 to 6.5 times the normal value in terms of the acetylcholine provocative concentration. The mean increase was significant at 1 wk (p less than 0.05), 2 wk (p less than 0.01), and 3 wk (p less than 0.05). Although both the HI antibody titer and the airway responsiveness increased together towards 1 to 2 wk, no close relationship between these factors was observed thereafter. The present dog model of airway hyperreactivity may be useful for further investigation of the mechanism governing increase in bronchial reactivity with respiratory viral infection in normal subjects as well as in patients with asthma.
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PMID:Changes in bronchial reactivity to acetylcholine with type C influenza virus infection in dogs. 395 45

Thirty-five consecutive infants admitted into hospital in Newcastle upon Tyne with acute respiratory disease had cough/nasal swabs and nasopharyngeal secretions taken. Both types of specimens were examined by the fluorescent antibody technique for respiratory syncytial virus; isolation techniques were also used. Twenty-eight specimens of nasopharyngeal secretion were positive, as were 26 of the corresponding cough/nasal swab preparations. Respiratory syncytial virus was isolated from all but one.Sixteen consecutive children who were only suitable for examination by cough/nasal swab preparations were also investigated by isolation and fluorescent antibody techniques for respiratory syncytial virus. Respiratory syncytial virus was isolated from eight, seven of whom were positive by the fluorescent antibody technique. The use of cough/nasal swab preparations stained by the fluorescent antibody technique, although not as efficient as nasopharyngeal secretions, may have a place in the rapid diagnosis of respiratory virus infection in older children and children in general practice. The importance of rapid diagnosis for respiratory virus infection in relationship to antiviral therapy was also discussed.
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PMID:The use of cough-nasal swabs in the rapid diagnosis of respiratory syncytial virus infection by the fluorescent antibody technique. 491 89

An acute pneumonia was induced experimentally in 10, 10- to 12-week-old conventional calves by administration into the upper airways of a pathogenic strain of parainfluenza type 3 (PI3) virus. The experimental calves had been selected on the basis of freedom from clinical evidence of respiratory and other diseases, freedom from current infection by PI3 virus as judged by repeated nasopharyngeal swabbing and freedom from earlier PI3 virus infection as judged by their lack of significant levels of serum antibody to that virus. The infection procedure was deemed to have been successful in that infection was established with subsequent seroconversion, clinical signs of a febrile pneumonia arose soon after the administration of virus, histopathological changes characteristic of PI3 pneumonia developed and the presence of PI3 virus antigen was demonstrated by immunofluorescence in association with those lesions. Treatment of five of the pneumonic calves was carried out on days 1, 2 and 3 of the trial using the anti-prostaglandin compound flunixin meglumine and that treatment appeared to be of benefit in that in the test calves there was a prompt cessation of coughing with fewer fevers and lower respiratory rates as compared with the untreated controls. The drug did not appear to influence PI3 infection rates but its administration was associated with a marked reduction in the extent of pulmonary consolidation, probably as the result of its known ability to limit the acute inflammatory response.
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PMID:Effect of anti-prostaglandin therapy in experimental parainfluenza type 3 pneumonia in weaned, conventional calves. 608 3

Fourteen previously healthy young patients with unusual community-acquired opportunistic infections were seen over a period of three years. They differ from patients previously described in that 11 were heterosexual drug abusers (including two women) and only three were homosexual men. There were eight Puerto Ricans, five blacks, and one white. Infections included Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (seven), disseminated Mycobacterium intracellulare infection, histoplasmosis, cryptococcosis, and cytomegalovirus infection (one each), oral thrush (13), and Candida esophagitis (two). All patients had impaired cellular immunity manifested by cutaneous anergy and lymphopenia, and all 11 tested had a markedly decreased ratio of T helper/inducer cells to T suppressor/cytotoxic cells. Twelve had evidence of associated viral infection (Epstein-Barr virus in nine, cytomegalovirus in five, Herpes simplex type 2 in two). Clinical presentation was with a severe opportunistic infection or with a prodrome consisting of oral thrush and nonspecific findings including malaise, fever, lymphadenopathy, or cough. The syndrome of immunodeficiency and opportunistic infection occurs in nonwhite heterosexual drug abusers, not exclusively in white homosexual men, and patients may present for medical care before the onset of a severe opportunistic infection.
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PMID:Community-acquired opportunistic infections and defective cellular immunity in heterosexual drug abusers and homosexual men. 621 79

Studies were carried out on the first grippe epizootic in pigs in Bulgaria. The affected animals showed a rise in temperature (40.5 to 41.8 degrees C), loss of appetite, abdominal type of respiration, and noisy and painful cough. The infection ran its course with a picture typical of a virus disease which did not respond to broad-spectrum antibiotic treatment. On an average the duration of the clinical course lasted 4 to 5 days, affecting almost all swine on a pig breeding farm, with single death cases. The morphologic changes observed in animals killed for diagnostic purposes were typical of a grippe infection. Isolated was a grippe virus A (Antimovo) 1/80/H3N2) the preliminary typisation of which showed close relation to strain A (victoria) 3/75/H3N2/. Serologic investigations using double blood samples from the affected pigs in double immunodiffusion test and hemagglutination-inhibition test demonstrated the etiologic role played by the isolated grippe virus.
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PMID:[Influenza epizootic in swine due to strain A (Victoria/3/75 H3N2)]. 627 80


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