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Query: UMLS:C0010200 (cough)
 23,843 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A consecutive series of 282 nurses of the University Hospital, Groningen, with complaints of the nose and/or throat associated with coughing and/or hoarseness were examined between April 1965 and February 1968. The intent was to obtain information on the incidence of viral, mycoplasma and bacterial infections, and on the relationship of these infections in nurses with chronic nonspecific lung disease (CNSLD). The following results were obtained: 1. Virus infections caused by influenza virus (A, B, and C), rhinovirus, parainfluenza virus, adenovirus, respiratory syncytial virus and/or Mycoplasma pneumoniae were confirmed in 30% of the nurses examined; if influenza was excluded, this figure was 20%. 2. Rhinovirus infections were found more often than all the other virus infections together (if influenza was excluded). 3. Approximately 25% of the nurses had signs of CNSLD. 4. In the course of the virus infections, nine out of 14 nurses with a history of chronic obstructive lung disease showed symptoms of exacerbation or recurrence of a generalized bronchial obstruction. 5. There was no difference in the incidence of virus infections in the group of nurses with and without CNSLD. 6. There were more bacterial infections (without a confirmed virus infection) in the subjects with CNSLD than in those without CNSLD. 7. There were more combined viral/bacterial infections in the patients with CNSLD than in those without CNSLD. 8. Patients with influenza did not have more bacterial infections than patients with other virus infections. This is also true for patients with CNSLD and influenza when regarded separately. The patients without CNSLD tended to have more bacterial infections with influenza than with other viral infections, but the difference was not statistically significant.
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PMID:Viral, mycoplasma and bacterial infections in nurses with symptoms of respiratory diseases. 18 86

Five cases of disseminated histoplasmosis complicating renal transplantation are reported. Nine previously reported cases from the literature are reviewed. In this setting disseminated histoplasmosis usually presents as a nonspecific systemic febrile illness that may be fulminant or more subacute. Five of 14 patients presented with skin lesions; only one patient presented with primary pulmonary symptoms of cough and dyspnea. Three of our patients and three others previously reported on survived the infection and maintained good function in the transplanted kidney despite prolonged therapy with amphotericin B. Immunosuppression was the only predisposing factor that could be identified with certainty in the five patients reported on herein. However, in two of the five patients the onset of disseminated histoplasmosis coincided with a well documented cytomegalovirus infection; the viral infection may have been a factor predisposing to infection in these two cases.
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PMID:Disseminated histoplasmosis in renal transplant recipients. 37 9

We prospectively studied 10 previously healthy adults who developed an acute respiratory illness while working in an infants' ward during a community outbreak of respiratory syncytial virus infection. In addition to clinical and viral evaluation, total respiratory resistance before and after carbachol aerosol inhalation was measured. All 10 subjects had respiratory syncytial virus infection documented by viral isolation, and all developed pronounced cough, nasal congestion, and fever. Eight subjects missed work for an average of 6 days. In all 10 patients, the total respiratory resistance was significantly elevated through 8 weeks. Altered airway reactivity, characterized by exaggerated responses of pulmonary resistance to carbachol challenge, was also observed through the first 8 weeks of evaluation. In this group, respiratory syncytial virus produced a protracted illness associated with appreciable morbidity. The pathophysiologic mechanism of this illness in part appeared to arise from altered airway reactivity.
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PMID:Respiratory syncytial virus infection in adults: clinical, virologic, and serial pulmonary function studies. 41 53

Laryngotracheobronchitis (LTB) continues to occur in epidemics necessitating many hospital admissions. A short barking cough, stridor with a crowing sound on inspiration, and retractions of the intercostal respiratory muscles are hallmarks of the disease. LTB is most frequently a viral disease causing acute inflammation of the subglottic area, the trachea, and the segmental bronchus. Increasing subglottic edema and generalized fatigue of patients with this disease can cause progression of airway obstruction. Respiratory and cardiac arrest follow unless an immediate airway is established. The management of LTB is primarily medical and consists of moist air, sedation, close observation, and occasionally antibiotics. Patients with respiratory difficulties severe enough to require intubation should undergo direct laryngoscopy and bronchoscopy to rule out other causes of airway obstruction.
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PMID:Laryngotracheobronchitis--a continuing challenge in child health care. 52 58

Between August 1974 and October 1975 78 patients with mycoplasma-pneumonia-infection were admitted to the 3 pediatric clinics of Hannover. Their clinical and radiological findings were studied. 20 patients with serological diagnosis of additional viral infection were not included in this study. The clinical diagnosis was confirmed by complement fixation test. The commonest symptoms were fever, coughing and abnormal auscultatory findings over the lungs. Chest roentgenograms showed three different patterns of infiltration: 1. Disseminated, non homogenous bronchial lines and mottled shadows often with swollen hilar lymphnodes in 46% of all patients.--2. Homogenous, extensive, opaque infiltrates in 29% of all patients.--3. Perivascular and peribronchial infiltrates at the hilus with or without swollen lymphnodes in 21% of all patients.--This means that in half of the patients abnormal signs in chestroentgenogram (type 2 and 3) were present, which formerly were described as "atypical pneumonia."--4. There were no radiological symptoms in 4% of the patients.--Those who were treated with tetracyclin or erythromycin became afebrile within 1--3 days, in those who didn't get antibiotics at all or were treated with other antibiotics fever lasted longer.
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PMID:[Clinical and radiological findings in 78 children during the 1974/75 mycoplasma-pneumonia-epidemic (author's transl)]. 88 3

Croup is a syndrome of inspiratory stridor, cough, and hoarseness, due to varying degrees of laryngeal obstruction. It is a viral disease and must be differentiated from epiglottitis. In addition to a careful clinical assessment, neck films are the most valuable diagnostic tool in differentiating these two. The principle modes of therapy for croup include provision of adequate hydration, ensuring maximum available humidification, sedation, and administration of intermittent positive pressure breathing (IPPB) with nebulized racemic epinephrine. The latter mode of therapy will provide symptomatic relief and may eliminate the need for hospitalization and tracheostomy. Steroids offer little benefit in treating this disease, and antibiotics offer none.
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PMID:Recent advances in diagnosis and management of croup. 109 1

The feeding of ethylenediamine dihydriodide (EDDI) at the dose levels of 50 and 500 mg/animal/day and urea at the dose level of 45 g/animal/day did not affect duration of clinical signs, body weight gain, magnitude or duration of fever, serum concentration of glutamic oxalacetic transaminase, packed cell volume, and differential white blood cell counts in feeder cattle experimentally infected with infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) virus. However, coughing and abundance of nasal discharge were significantly greater in calves fed EDDI before and during primary IBR virus infection. Those calves fed 500 mg of EDDI/day coughed more, had greater nasal discharge, and exhibited greater lacrimation than did those given the smaller dose. These 3 clinical signs were considered to reflect both the expectorant action of EDDI and the pathogenic effects of IBR virus. In all calves, including controls, the coughing, nasal discharge, and lacrimation were most prominent during the period of peak infection (7 to 14 days after the calves were given intranasal inoculation) of the IBR virus. Total serum iodine concentration became maximal (mean of 1,400 ng/ml) in 8 calves after they had been fed the larger dose of EDDI for 2 weeks. This value was maximal (about 300 ng/ml) in another 8 calves after 3 weeks' feeding of the smaller dose (50 mg/day). When EDDI exposure was maintained at the dose level of 50 mg/day for 5 weeks longer, mean serum iodine values remained at about 275 ng/ml, and those of control calves averaged 140 ng/ml.
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PMID:Clinical infectious bovine rhinotracheitis in cattle fed organic iodine and urea. 119 May 85

The upper and lower airways have complimentary roles in the ultimate object of supplying the body with oxygen whilst removing waste products of metabolism. Pathology in one area may trigger a response in another, the physiology of which, in the case of virus-induced asthma exacerbations remains poorly characterized. Viral infection of the upper airways by common cold viruses frequently triggers a response in the lower airways leading to prolonged morbidity, especially in subjects with significant pre-existing airway disease. The induction or amplification of BHR may be an important mechanism whereby asthmatic symptoms are produced although the cellular and tissue events or reflex mechanisms activated by viral illnesses and underlying BHR changes are poorly defined and may be dependent on the type and the severity of infection. Children and asthmatics tend to develop frequent colds setting in motion a sequence of events culminating in airway obstruction and symptoms of wheezing, coughing and chest tightness. This may reflect independent inflammatory changes caused by a simply additive effect of viral damage to the mucosa superimposed upon pre-existing allergic inflammation (Fig. 1). Few if any symptoms will develop in normal subjects with a mild cold whereas significant symptoms may ensue if the cold is severe and induces marked lower airway swelling, secretions and smooth muscle contraction; pathology to which children who have small calibre airways may be particularly susceptible. In asthmatics even a mild cold frequently induces exacerbation of symptoms, while serious life-threatening asthma attacks may occur associated with a severe cold. Some studies have suggested that this effect is not only additive but also synergistic and brought about by release of the mediators already present in increased quantities, the induction of IgE synthesis, or by the potentiation of neural and epithelial damage. The combined effect of both asthma and viruses may thus be amplified and result in a sustained and refractory period of airway obstruction, severe symptoms and unstable asthma. As most hospital admissions for asthma occur over the winter months and soon after the start of the school terms [115], spread of viruses through the community to susceptible individuals may be the single most important cause of sustained exacerbations of asthma. Definition of the pathological and physiological mechanisms involved will lead to better understanding and may thus provide a basis for prevention and the development of effective forms of treatment for virus-induced asthma.
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PMID:Viruses as precipitants of asthma symptoms. II. Physiology and mechanisms. 135 15

Although nasopharyngitis usually results from a viral infection, it is the leading cause of use of antimicrobials in pediatric patients. A study of the criteria used by pediatricians to prescribe antimicrobials in uncomplicated nasopharyngitis was undertaken. Each of 700 pediatricians enrolled ten consecutive patients with uncomplicated nasopharyngitis. Use of antimicrobials was left to the discretion of the physician. Antimicrobials were used in 59% of pediatric patients evaluated for nasopharyngitis. Criteria considered as the most important for deciding to use antimicrobials induced purulent secretions (87.2%), congestion of both tympanic membranes (82.8%), cough (79.2%), fever greater than 39 degrees C (77.2%), and a history of otitis media (69.8%). Data on the outcome was available for 69% of patients. Acute otitis media was the main complication, with a rate of 7.7%; this rate was lower in the treated group (5.4%) than in the untreated group (10.9%). A positive history for otitis media and the appearance of the eardrums at evaluation were the best predictors of otitis media.
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PMID:[A national survey on the criteria of prescription antibiotic therapy in nasopharyngitis in pediatric practice]. 157 Sep 48

An outbreak of severe haemorrhagic illness began in the municipality of Guanarito, Portuguesa State, Venezuela, in September, 1989. Subsequent detailed study of 15 cases confirmed the presence of a new viral disease, designated Venezuelan haemorrhagic fever. Characteristic features are fever, toxicity, headache, arthralgia, diarrhoea, conjunctivitis, pharyngitis, leucopenia, thrombocytopenia, and haemorrhagic manifestations. Other features include facial oedema, cervical lymphadenopathy, nausea/vomiting, cough, chest or abdominal pain, and convulsions. The patients ranged in age from 6 to 54 years; all were residents of rural areas in central Venezuela, and 9 died. Infection with Guanarito virus, a newly recognised arenavirus, was shown by direct culture or by serological confirmation in all cases. Epidemiological studies suggest that the disease is endemic in some rural areas of central Venezuela and that it is rodent-borne. Venezuelan haemorrhagic fever has many similarities to Lassa fever and to the arenavirus haemorrhagic fevers that occur in Argentina and Bolivia.
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PMID:Venezuelan haemorrhagic fever. 168 54


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