Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0010200 (cough)
 23,843 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

This study aimed at investigating sensitizing and hazardous effects of a new acid anhydride, pyromellitic dianhydride (PMDA), in addition to those of phthalic anhydride, maleic anhydride and trimellitic anhydride, in a group of 92 exposed workers in two German chemical plants. Of the 92 workers, 56 reported work-related complaints with a predominance of phlegm and dyspnoea in those exposed to anhydride dust for less than 1 year. Haemorrhagic rhinitis occurred only after a prolonged exposure of more than 15 years. Specific IgE antibodies to anhydride-HSA conjugates could be detected in 15 exposed subjects, 12 of whom had work-related symptoms. The IgE-positive group had significantly more impaired lung function parameters than the IgE-negative group. The proportion of IgE-positive subjects was highest in the groups with dyspnoea (5/18), cough (6/24) and rhinitis (11/44) whereas only 1 of 11 workers with haemorrhagic rhinitis had such antibodies. A follow-up study of 23 affected workers was performed after 10 months to assess clinical symptoms, lung function and IgE antibody levels. This follow-up study showed the absence of obstructive ventilation patterns in three out of six subjects in addition to cessation of symptoms in most initially affected workers who were no longer exposed. On the other hand, 14 workers under continuous exposure had comparable pathological findings on re-examination. Our results confirm that anhydrides including the lesser known PMDA, behave as respiratory irritants and as immediate-type sensitizers. They predominantly induced reversible symptoms in workers whose exposure stopped after a working period of about 0.7 years. Abnormal lung function parameters normalized in nearly 50% of these subjects.
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PMID:A clinical and immunological study on 92 workers occupationally exposed to anhydrides. 856 89

In the wake of a community outbreak of bronchiolitis in northern Israel from December 1993 to March 1994, we conducted a retrospective study of 108 infants aged 2 weeks to 14 months with proven respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection (diagnosed by a rapid RSV antigen test in nasopharyngeal secretions). 47% of the infants were less than 8 weeks old. Mean hospital stay was 6.6 days (range 1-60). The characteristic clinical findings were: cough in all patients, dyspnea in 96%, rhinitis in 95% and fever in 55%. In those younger than 8 weeks, or in those with underlying diseases, hospitalization was longer, the disease was more serious and complications more frequent (p < 0.002). 4 children (3%) died, 3 of whom had severe congenital heart defects. All children were treated with oxygen and beta-agonist inhalations. The 33% who also received corticosteroids were older and most had a history of pulmonary diseases, such as asthma or bronchopulmonary dysplasia. There was no difference between those who did or did not receive corticosteroids with regard to severity of disease or rate of complications. Ribavirin was used to treat 19 (17.5%), most of whom had underlying lung disease. The others were otherwise healthy infants younger than 8 weeks. 13 were cared for in the intensive care unit, 11 of whom required mechanical ventilation. A rapid test for detection of RSV infection enabled prompt isolation of infected patients so that the risk of nosocomial infection was reduced and Ribavirin therapy could be started early, if required.
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PMID:[An epidemic of respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis among infants in northern Israel]. 868 91

Chronic Cough: Chronic persistent cough (CPC) lasting from several months to years - without radiographic or spirometric evidence of its cause - was a surprisingly frequent reason (5,7% of all new referrals) to consult our practice. Sophisticated diagnostic evaluation and therapeutic regimen are necessary. We performed a prospective study on 329 consecutive patients (106 male, 223 female) over a two-year period. 65% of the patients had cough as a consequence of bronchial hyperresponsiveness; 27% due to upper airways disease, i.e. often very common rhinitis or pharyngitis; 14% chronic bronchitis; 5% gastrooesophageal reflux (GER); 3% drug induced cough; 4% other causes. 10% of the patients discontinued the diagnostic evaluation prematurely. In 14% the cause for CPC remained unclear and no relief could be achieved. Furthermore, there is a need for consecutive studies to address the following questions: 1. The cause of the striking difference in gender (male : female = 1 : 2) remains unclear. 2. Wether a cough recorder - as occasionally reported in the literature - is needed for an objective evaluation of cough [9]. 3. A standardised methodology of 24 h pH monitoring for the diagnosis of CPC as a consequence of GER has yet to be established.
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PMID:[Chronic persistent cough in general practice: diagnosis and therapy in 329 patients over the course of 2 years]. 876 75

541 workers with long-term history of occupational contact with antibiotics and chemicals were examined by a dermatologist, ENT specialist, neuropathologist, surgeon, ophthalmologist. Many workers complained of occasional skin eruption, rhinitis, skin itching, sneezing, cough, Quincke's edema. Allergic examination revealed the presence of allergic symptoms (allergic dermatitis, itch, vasomotor rhinitis, chronic eczema, obstructive bronchitis, bronchial asthma, Quincke's edema, acute and chronic conjunctivitis) in 98 examinees. Somatic affections are represented by hypertension, chronic hepatitis, ulcer.
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PMID:[The effect of antibiotics on the body of those working in their manufacture]. 877

Skin prick test (SPT) reactivity to common airborne allergens and its relationships to sex, age, smoking habits, and respiratory symptoms/diseases were evaluated in a general population sample (n = 2841, 8-75 years of age) living in the Po delta area (northern Italy). Subjects completed a standardized questionnaire and underwent prick tests (12 local allergens, a negative and a positive control) and determination of total serum IgE. Atopy was evaluated by measuring the maximal diameter for each allergen, after subtracting that of the negative control. Thirty-one percent of subjects showed a positive skin response at a 3-mm threshold. Pollens, Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, and D. farinae caused the highest frequencies of reactions. Young people and those who had never smoked had higher prevalence rates of SPT reactivity. Asthma, asthma symptoms, and rhinitis were significantly associated with SPT reactivity in both sexes (cough only in females) and with the number of positive reactions. IgE values were also significantly associated with SPT reactivity. In conclusion, our findings indicate that almost one-third of the general population of an Italian rural area is skin test positive, emphasizing the importance of assessing atopy in respiratory epidemiologic surveys.
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PMID:Skin prick test reactivity to common aeroallergens in relation to total IgE, respiratory symptoms, and smoking in a general population sample of northern Italy. 878 68

A case of contact urticaria associated with a serous rhinitis, dyspnea, wheezing, and a dry cough appearing after the application of a hair conditioner on the scalp is reported. Prick test results with the conditioner diluted at 1/16 and 1/8 were strongly positive (+3), as well as a prick test (+3) with one component of the conditioner called "hydrolyzed proteins," which contained hydrolyzed bovine collagen and stearyl trimethylammonium chloride.
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PMID:Contact urticaria with systemic symptoms caused by bovine collagen in a hair conditioner. 879 44

This study determined exposure-response relationships to side-stream tobacco smoke (2 hrs; 0, 1, 5, and 15 ppm CO) in 29 healthy nonsmoking young adults. Sixteen subjects had no history of environmental tobacco smoke rhinitis (ETS-NS) while 13 subjects had a history of ETS rhinitis (ETS-S). Eye irritation and odor perception showed a statistically significant exposure response in both groups; headache was significant in ETS-S and nose irritation was significant in ETS-NS subjects. Significant postexposure (P1) symptoms were first reported at 1 ppm CO among both groups, but in 3/9 symptoms were significantly greater at this exposure level in ETS-S subjects. Nasal congestion, rhinorrhea, and cough increased significantly at 15 ppm CO only. In ETS-S subjects, nasal volume decreased and nasal resistance increased in an exposure-response fashion. ETS-NS subjects had a qualitatively different shape to the exposure-response curve; significant dimensional reductions in mid- and posterior nasal volume occurred with exposure at 1 ppm CO but not at 5 ppm CO and reductions in posterior nasal volume occurred at 15 ppm CO exposure. These studies indicate subjective and objective response relationships with exposure to sidestream tobacco smoke at concentrations from 1 to 15 ppm CO. Some differences are noted among the two subject groups in the magnitude of some symptoms at the lowest exposure level and in the qualitative shape of the acoustic rhinometry and nasal resistance exposure-response curves.
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PMID:Tobacco smoke upper respiratory response relationships in healthy nonsmokers. 883 43

Hypersensitivity to natural rubber latex (NRL) in health care personnel exposed to powdered latex gloves appears as conjunctivitis, rhinitis, nasal congestion, cough, dyspnea, or bronchial asthma in approximately 30% of all cases with latex allergy while most of the patients have contact urticaria. The purpose of the present study was to determine the prevalence of latex-induced allergic rhinitis in health care workers using NRL gloves on a daily basis. Clinical examination accompanied by skin prick test (SPT) with latex glove extracts and common aeroallergens, measurements of specific IgE to NRL, and lung function tests were performed in 25 symptomatic workers and 11 latex-exposed asymptomatic controls. Sensitization to NRL was detected using SPT in one (4%) of 25 symptomatic workers but not in any of the asymptomatic controls. Positive SPT to aeroallergens was demonstrated in 8/25 symptomatic workers and 6/11 controls. Measurements of forced vital capacity, forced expiratory volume in I sec, and bronchial methacholine challenge did not show any significant differences between the study groups. In conclusion, NRL-aeroallergen-induced occupational rhinitis may occur among physicians and nurses who have a frequent use of latex gloves on a daily basis at hospital work. However, a relatively low prevalence of NRL-induced occupational rhinitis is associated with profuse consumption of no-powder sterile gloves.
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PMID:Glove-related rhinopathy among hospital personnel. 884 46

A questionnaire survey of respiratory symptoms was carried out on a group of subjects with exposure to tea fluff in a packaging plant and compared with a group of unexposed workers. The subjects had a higher prevalence of rhinitis, bouts of coughing and chest tightness than the controls. Except in the case of rhinitis however, the differences disappeared when allowance was made for either hay fever or smoking. From the original group of subjects, two smaller groups were chosen, one with and one without symptoms, and peak expiratory flow rates were measured over a 12-day period, including eight working and four non-working days. The mean difference in peak flow was greater on the non-working than on the working days and was not related to age, sex, years of exposure, smoking or atopy. We conclude that there is little evidence to suggest that this group of tea packers shows signs of sensitization but that they are probably exposed to an irritant in the tea fluff.
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PMID:Respiratory symptoms and respiratory function in workers exposed to tea fluff. 888 32

Our objective was to evaluate the diagnostic value of RAST in children with symptoms of airways allergy and probable food allergy. We studied 17 children under 6 years old with rhinitis or asthma. The underwent a food elimination diet during 4 weeks followed by weekly ambulatory oral food challenge. Cough, wheezing, dyspnea, rhinorrea and nasal itch and blockage were evaluated, daily by their parents and weekly at the hospital. We found no difference between the clinical evaluation made by their parents and at the hospital. We found 16/76 positive oral food challenges. RAST was positive in 44 foods. Cow's milk and egg were the more frequent positive foods both in oral challenge and RAST, 5 and 6, and 14 and 14, respectively. Serum IgE had an average of 350 UI/ml. RAST evaluation results were sensitivily 62.5%, specificity 43.3%; positive predictive value 22.7%, negative predictive value 81.3% and total efficacy 47.4%. We can conclude that food allergy can be a frequent cause of airways allergy symptoms in children under 6 years old and although in cases, RAST is considered the best in vitro diagnostic test, its results should be symptoms related and cautiosly interpreted.
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PMID:[Evaluation of the RAST in the diagnosis of children with food allergy]. 890 Oct 34


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