Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0010200 (cough)
 23,843 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI) are used widely in the treatment of both hypertension and congestive heart failure. Although usually well tolerated, these medications may produce side effects that may be encountered by the allergist, including cough, angioedema, and rhinitis symptoms. The severity of ACEI-induced cough may vary, and is associated with increased bronchial hyperreactivity in some (but not all) patients as judged by methacholine sensitivity. Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor-induced cough may have its onset from one day to 12 months after initiation of therapy, and is not dose dependent. Angioedema caused by ACEI is usually mild and clears with discontinuation of the drug, however cases requiring intubation and tracheostomy have been reported. The mechanism of ACEI-induced cough remains unclear, but could be in part due to accumulation of substances whose degradation may also be impeded by ACEI, such as substance P, bradykinins, and/or prostaglandins. Knowledge of the side effects produced by this class of medication may help patients avoid unnecessary, costly, and often invasive diagnostic evaluations.
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PMID:Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors and the allergist. 222 91

The author diagnosed cough, emphysema and the symptoms characteristic for the bronchial asthma in 43% of patients with seasonal allergy (rhinitis, conjunctivitis) to pollens. Such symptoms were more frequent (51% of cases) in patients allergic to the grass pollens with coexisting hypersensitivity to Compositae family. Asthmatic symptoms in patients allergic only to grass pollens were seen in 38%. The author suggests that prolonged exposition in the inhalatory allergens (from two to four-five months) plays an important role in asthma onset in such patients. It rather delays than accelerates admittance to allergic clinics.
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PMID:[Bronchial asthma in hay fever]. 223 9

The prevalence and associations of bronchial hyperresponsiveness were investigated in a general practice population. The sample was obtained by using every 12th patient on the practice age-sex register, replacing non-responders with corresponding age and sex matched individuals from up to two further 1 in 12 samples. The response rate was 43%; 366 patients were studied. Doubling concentrations of methacholine were given to a maximum of 32 mg/ml or until a 20% fall in forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) occurred (provocation concentration, PC20FEV1). Bronchial hyperresponsiveness was defined arbitrarily as a PC20FEV1 of 2 mg/ml or less (or 11 mumol cumulative dose, PD20FEV1). The prevalence of bronchial hyperresponsiveness was 23%. Bronchial hyperresponsiveness was not associated with age but was more prevalent in women than men (31%:13%). It was also more common in those who had ever wheezed (39%) and in those who had had an attack of rhinitis in the preceding month (45%, p less than 0.1), in atopic individuals (30%), and in smokers (32%), but it was not associated with cough or dyspnoea. There was a positive correlation between PC20FEV1 and resting FEV1 (r = 0.288) and a negative correlation between PC20FEV1 and mean daily peak flow variability (r = -0.356). Stepwise binary logistic regression analysis showed significant independent effects on PC20FEV1 for mean daily peak flow variability, gender, number of positive skin test responses, resting FEV1, and mean histamine skin weal area, but no relation with smoking or mean allergen weal area. The prevalence of bronchial hyperresponsiveness was much higher than the prevalence of diagnosed asthma in the practice in 1984 (4.9%). Analysis of case notes of 169 individuals showed that those with bronchial hyperresponsiveness had not attended the practice more frequently for respiratory complaints during the previous five years.
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PMID:A general practice based survey of bronchial hyperresponsiveness and its relation to symptoms, sex, age, atopy, and smoking. 225 16

In a national study of almost 7000 primary school children, parents' perceptions were used to test the hypothesis that the child's irritability was associated with food intolerance independently of other symptoms. After adjustment in a multiple regression analysis for asthma or wheeze, cough, eczema, hives, diarrhoea and vomiting, rhinitis, hay fever and headache, and the social factors of father's social class, maternal education and maternal age, a highly significant association between perception of food intolerance and irritability (P less than 0.001) remained. Though we cannot rule out that irritable children's parents could be biased towards diagnosing food intolerance the possibility that some children do have behavioural disturbance associated with reactions to food needs to be explored further, preferably with a double blind challenge assessment.
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PMID:Associations of excessive irritability with common illnesses and food intolerance. 236 72

A prospective cohort study was undertaken in a farrow-to-farrow swine herd to describe patterns of pneumonia, and to identify host risk factors associated with the extent of pneumonic lesions in 2 weight groups of slaughter swine. The risk of coughing and pneumonic lesions increased with increasing age of pigs within the herd (P less than 0.0001). The age-specific prevalence of pneumonic lesions was low (2.7%) in pigs less than 16 weeks old at slaughter, but increased rapidly when pigs were between 16 and 22 weeks old (8.6 to 67.9%). After 22 weeks, the prevalence remained relatively constant at about 80%. Associations between possible risk factors and pneumonia were investigated by use of multiple-regression models. Age at weaning (less than 24 days) and birth weight (less than 1 kg) exerted small, but significant (P less than 0.002), effects on the extent of pneumonic lesions in pigs slaughtered at 30 to 50 kg live weight. For pigs slaughtered at 90 to 110 kg, pneumonic lesions were more extensive (P = 0.007) in pigs sired by Yorkshire boars than pigs sired by non-Yorkshire sires (Duroc, Hampshire, Chester White, or American Spotted). Other host factor variables including weaning weight and clinical diseases (atrophic rhinitis, diarrhea, and arthritis) were not associated with pneumonia extent in either weight group. Higher pneumonia percentages were also associated with reduced growth rates in the grower/finisher phase. Pigs sired by Yorkshire boars grew significantly (P less than 0.0001) more slowly from entry into shed 2 (mean, 38 kg) until about the time of exit (mean, 92 kg) than pigs sired by other breeds (747 g/d and 795 g/d, respectively).
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PMID:Host determinants of pneumonia in slaughter weight swine. 238 33

Scrap metal cutters seemed to be left out in most preventive programmes as the workers were mainly contract workers. The health hazards of scrap metal cutting in 54 workers from a foundry and a ship breaking plant were evaluated. Environmental sampling showed lead levels ranging from 0.02 to 0.57 mg/m3 (threshold limit values is 0.15 mg/m3). Exposure to lead came mainly from the paint coat of the metals cut. Metal fume fever was not reported although their main complaints were cough and rhinitis. Skin burns at all stages of healing and residual scars were seen over hands, forearms and thighs. 96% of the cutters had blood lead levels exceeding 40 micrograms/100 ml with 10 workers exceeding 70 micrograms/100 ml. None had clinical evidence of lead poisoning. The study showed that scrap metal cutting is a hazardous industry associated with significant lead exposure. With proper medical supervision, the blood lead levels of this group of workers decreased illustrating the importance of identifying the hazard and implementing appropriate medical surveillance programmes.
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PMID:Study on the health hazards of scrap metal cutters. 263 95

Between August 1982 and December 1985, seven patients at a children's hospital developed hospital-acquired pneumonia caused by Legionella pneumophila. Demographic data included the following: mean age 12.3 years (range 9 months to 20.5 years); male/female ratio 5:2; all patients were white. Some previously identified risk factors present in our patients included high-dose corticosteroid therapy (five patients), other immunosuppressive therapy (four), and chronic lung (five) or kidney (three) disease. Symptoms and signs included rapid onset, fever, cough, pleuritic chest pain, dyspnea, abdominal pain, diarrhea, and headache. Rhinitis, myalgia, and neurologic abnormalities were not noted. Chest roentgenograms revealed single-lobe consolidation in three patients, diffuse bilateral alveolar infiltrates in three, and pleural effusion in three. All patients were treated with erythromycin; three patients also received rifampin. Tracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation were required by four patients. Six patients improved after therapy. One child died of persistent lung disease 1 month after the onset of legionnaires disease. L. pneumophila was isolated from potable water in the hospital. Aerosol equipment cleansed with tap water and the showers were implicated as means of exposure by patients to contaminated potable water. No new nosocomial cases were seen after immunocompromised children were prohibited from taking showers, and sterile water was used to cleanse equipment for administering aerosol medications.
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PMID:Nosocomial legionnaires disease in a children's hospital. 273 94

The role of histamine in the pathogenesis of infectious rhinitis is unclear, as is the efficacy of antihistaminic drugs in the treatment of the common cold. This study evaluated the short-term efficacy of oral terfenadine (Seldane) in the treatment of the common cold. Over a 5-week period, the authors recruited 250 adults who had developed cold symptoms within 6 to 48 hours prior to enrollment. Volunteers had a primary complaint of runny or stuffy nose; at least one other respiratory symptom; no fever or exudative pharyngitis; and no history of atopy, sinusitis, or use of cold preparations within 1 week of enrollment. Out of the eligible subjects, 126 were randomly assigned terfenadine (60 mg), and 124 received placebo. Volunteers self-administered either terfenadine or placebo twice a day on Days 1, 2 and 3, and a final dose on the morning of Day 4. They also recorded the severity of their clinical symptoms (runny nose, sniffles, sneezing, postnasal drip, cough and sore throat) on symptom cards. Both groups reported similar severity scores throughout the treatment period. Average symptom burdens declined at almost identical rates for both groups. Terfenadine was well tolerated and had a low incidence of side effects. According to subject evaluation, terfenadine was no more effective than placebo. The mean +/- SD score of global efficacy was 2.2 +/- 1.1 in the terfenadine group and 2.1 +/- 1.3 in the placebo group (P = NS). Slightly fewer terfenadine recipients (41%) than placebo recipients (48%) said they would use the study medication again for treating cold symptoms.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Ineffectiveness of oral terfenadine in natural colds: evidence against histamine as a mediator of common cold symptoms. 289 9

A survey on the prescribing pattern of H1-antihistamine preparations was carried out in four socio-economic areas in Liverpool: the City Centre, an Affluent Area, a Poor area and a Council Estate. The purpose of this study was to find out which H1-antihistamines were prescribed from the wide range available; to discover if there was a trend in the use of these agents over a 12-month period and to suggest possible explanations for these findings. The majority of H1-antihistamine preparations were prescribed in the Affluent Area followed by the City Centre, Poor Area and the Council Estate. In all four areas, over 7.0% of all total items dispensed in a year contained H1-antihistamine drugs, and the lowest use (3.7-9.2%) fell in the summer months while the highest use was in January (8.2-14.1% of items containing H1-antihistamine dispensed per month). Thus the general trend in the use of these drugs may not follow the trend of the hay fever season and it is probably true that H1-antihistamines were more frequently prescribed for treatment of other conditions (common cough and cold) than rhinitis alone. The most widely prescribed classes of H1-antihistamines were alkylamines and ethanolamines, followed by the phenothiazines and ethylenediamines while the piperazines were not prescribed. Triprolidine, diphenhydramine, promethazine and brompheniramine were the top four most widely prescribed drugs.
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PMID:A study of prescribed H1-antihistamine preparations over a period of 12 months in community pharmacy. 289 68

Fifty adult subjects referred to a respiratory function laboratory of a tertiary care hospital for respiratory symptoms of uncertain etiology were investigated prospectively by means of a questionnaire, isocapnic inhalation of dry cold air (-20 degrees C), histamine inhalation tests, monitoring of peak expiratory flow rates, total eosinophil counts, and total IgE. Wheezing, tightness in the chest, dyspnea, and cough were reported by 35, 23, 41, and 30 subjects, respectively. FEV1 values less than 80% pred were found in only 2 subjects. Twenty-nine subjects had a PC20 histamine less than or equal to 16 mg/ml. Twenty, 15, and 10% falls in FEV1 were found in 10, 18, and 26 subjects, respectively, using hyperventilation of cold air. Significant eosinophilia and increased total IgE levels were seen in 5 and 18 subjects, respectively. Eight subjects had daily changes in PEFR greater than 20% on at least 1 day of monitoring. There was no significant association between specific responses to the respiratory questionnaire or the presence of rhinitis on the one hand and bronchial responsiveness to histamine and cold air on the other hand. The 10 subjects who demonstrated a greater than 20% change in FEV1 after cold air inhalation also had a PC20 less than 16 mg/ml, and 5 of them reacted at a concentration less than or equal to 2 mg/ml. Two subjects who had a PC20 less than or equal to 2 mg/ml demonstrated a less than 20% change in FEV1 after inhaling cold air. There was no association between the increase in total eosinophils or IgE and bronchial hyperresponsiveness.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Nonspecific bronchial hyperresponsiveness to inhaled histamine and hyperventilation of cold dry air in subjects with respiratory symptoms of uncertain etiology. 319 1


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