Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0010200 (cough)
 23,843 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The progeny of 9 SPF gilts fed a balanced ration (Table I) was used in an inoculation experiment with field strains of Bordetella bronchiseptica isolated in herds suffering atrophic rhinitis. Acute rhinitis was produced within a week after intranasal inoculation of B. bronchiseptica into 1 to 11-day-old piglets. Coughing occurred in some of the exposed pigs, but signs of pneumonia did not develop. A few pigs were killed at intervals of 1 to 3 weeks after exposure. These pigs all showed histological lesions in the turbinate and B. bronchiseptica was recovered from various parts of the respiratory tract. Pigs killed 3 weeks after inoculation showed advanced turbinate atrophy (Tables II and III). Among inoculated litter mates reared to slaughter weight, only one developed clinical signs (slight) of atrophic rhinitis, and a tendency towards an elimination of the B. bronchiseptica infection from the accessible part of the nasal cavity was noticed during the growth period. By examination of nasal swabs collected when the pigs were 10 to 13 weeks old, Mycoplasma flocculare was isolated as well from pigs inoculated with B. bronchiseptica as from the control pigs. The growth rate of the experimental pigs was high and no difference in feed consumption or feed conversion occurred between the exposed pigs and the control pigs. By post mortem examination of the snouts from the pigs slaughtered at approx. 85 kg live weight, severe atrophic rhinitis was not found. Approximately one third (32%) of the exposed pigs showed slight atrophic rhinitis lesions (Table IV). The results are discussed and it is concluded that the isolated B. bronchiseptica strains are pathogenic in young pigs and able to induce turbinate atrophy 2 to 3 weeks after inoculation. Turbinate atrophy induced in pigs a few weeks old, may apparently restore completely or almost completely during the growth period. Under the provided experimental conditions, infection with B. bronchiseptica did not result in the development of a lasting, growth-retarding atrophic rhinitis.
 ...
PMID:Inoculation experiments with Bordetella bronchiseptica strains in SPF pigs. 93 9

Beagle puppies infected with both canine parainfluenza virus type 2 (CPI2) and Bordetella bronchiseptica (Bb) develop more severe acute bronchiolitis and airways hyperresponsiveness than do those infected with CPI2 or Bb alone. The aim of our study was to characterize the inflammatory response associated with airway hyperresponsiveness, and to determine whether the inflammatory cell response of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) reflected changes in the bronchioles in this model. We investigated 25 beagle puppies (ages 76 +/- 5 days, mean +/- SEM) in four groups: controls (n = 6), or puppies inoculated with both CPI2 and Bb (CPI2-Bb) (n = 11), with only CPI2 (n = 4), or only Bb (n = 4). The puppies were killed 3-4 days after inoculation, the lungs excised, the intermediate lobe lavaged, and BALF and the bronchiolar wall tissue examined for neutrophils and other inflammatory cells. Control puppies had no evidence of inflammation. However, the CPI2-Bb puppies had developed cough and rhinitis, positive cultures for CPI2 and Bb, and a neutrophilic cellular response in both the bronchioles and the BALF. Puppies inoculated with only CPI2 or Bb had milder illnesses and no significant bronchiolar and BALF neutrophilic response. For all groups, the severity of bronchiolar wall inflammation correlated with the total number of BALF inflammatory cells, and bronchiolar wall neutrophil counts correlated with the percentage of neutrophils in the BALF. The illness and the airway hyperresponsiveness observed in the CPI2-Bb group were associated with airway neutrophilia. Our studies support the hypothesis that neutrophils are associated with airway dysfunction in this model, and the use of BALF to study the process.
 ...
PMID:Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid cytology reflects airway inflammation in beagle puppies with acute bronchiolitis. 131 65

An outbreak of Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) infection occurred during the period March-May 1989 among the personnel of the Accident and Emergency Department of the Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland. The index patient was a young male orderly, who fell ill with severe pneumonia. His tracheal mucus sample proved to be strongly positive for MP when tested by a commercial DNA-RNA hybridization test (Gen-Probe). After the index patient two additional staff members (an orderly and a nurse) fell ill with pneumonia and 66 others showed symptoms of upper respiratory infection or fever. The most frequent symptoms were a sore throat, a cough, rhinitis and headaches. All 97 employees of the department were tested for the presence of MP in April-May 1989 using throat swabs as test material. Forty-three (44%) were found to be positive for MP by the 'Gen-Probe' test. Eight (19%) of the MP positive staff were completely asymptomatic. The MP positive staff were retested about 3 weeks later, whereupon 40 (93%) had become negative. Most of the persons involved in this outbreak suffered only from mild respiratory symptoms, suggesting that MP outbreaks like the present one may easily pass unnoticed.
 ...
PMID:Outbreak of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection among hospital personnel studied by a nucleic acid hybridization test. 135 13

The podiatric procedure of burring hyperkeratotic fungal infected toenails results in large quantities of nail dust aerosols. An extremely large percentage (31%) of podiatrists who were analyzed for immunoglobulin E (IgE) by antibody radioimmunoassay were found to have abnormally high levels. Incidence of precipitin antibodies to Trichophyton rubrum in sera of those in practice from 0 to 15 years was 23%, and those in practice 16 years or more was 29%. In this study, podiatrists who were chronically exposed to nail dust aerosols after years of practice presented with symptoms of conjunctivitis, rhinitis, asthma, coughing, hypersensitivity, and impaired lung function.
 ...
PMID:Nail dust aerosols from onychomycotic toenails. Part II. Clinical and serologic aspects. 1984. 153 84

Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors are useful first-line drugs in the therapy of mild and moderate hypertension. Adverse reactions to this drug class are rarely serious. Hypotension, cough, rash, and taste disturbance are uncommon; reduced glomerular filtration and hyperkalemia occur infrequently; angioedema is rare and neutropenia is extremely rare. Quinapril is a new ACE inhibitor that is converted to biologically active quinaprilat in the liver. This ACE inhibitor has a rapid onset of action and inhibits local tissue converting enzyme systems in kidney, heart, and brain, as well as in the circulating renin-angiotensin system. Clinically significant adverse effects of quinapril occur at low rates. In 1,771 patients receiving quinapril, the reported incidence of the first occurrence of orthostatic hypotension was comparable to that seen in patients receiving placebo. In other studies, headache was reported by up to 4.7% of patients receiving quinapril, which is comparable to reported incidences of headache in patients receiving other ACE inhibitors. Other adverse events reported at rates greater than 1% include cough with associated rhinitis and bronchitis, dizziness, and somnolence. Such adverse events have only rarely led to the withdrawal of patients from clinical studies of quinapril.
 ...
PMID:Adverse effects of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors in antihypertensive therapy with focus on quinapril. 154 39

Some patients report rhinitis symptoms after exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS), but objective assessments of this response have been lacking. Furthermore, the mechanism of this response is unknown. We assessed the frequency of ETS-related symptoms by administering a questionnaire to 77 healthy nonsmoking young adults who were participating in an unrelated study. Of the subjects 34% (26 of 77) reported one or more rhinitis symptoms (congestion, rhinorrhea, or sneezing) following ETS exposure. We then exposed 10 historically ETS-sensitive (ETS-S) and 11 historically ETS-nonsensitive (ETS-NS) subjects to 15 min of clean air followed by 15 min of sidestream tobacco smoke (CO concentration of 45 parts per million). At selected time points during these procedures we recorded symptoms, posterior nasal resistance, and spirometry and performed nasal lavages. ETS-S but not ETS-NS subjects reported significant (p less than 0.01) increases in nasal congestion, headache, chest discomfort or tightness, and cough following exposure to sidestream tobacco smoke. Rhinorrhea symptoms were greater and more prolonged in ETS-S subjects compared to ETS-NS subjects. Significant (p less than 0.01) increases in perception of odor and in eye, nose, and throat irritation occurred in both study groups, but ETS-S subjects reported significantly more nose and throat irritation. No significant changes in posterior nasal resistance occurred in the ETS-NS group but a significant increase occurred in the ETS-S subjects, with the resistance rising from 3.8 +/- 0.5 cm H2O/L/s (mean +/- SE) preexposure to a peak of 8.0 +/- 2.7 cm H2O/L/s 20 min after completion of the smoke exposure (p less than 0.001).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:Upper respiratory tract environmental tobacco smoke sensitivity. 171 Aug 79

In order to explore the correlation between parents' smoking habits and bronchial asthma in children, we undertook a cross-sectional study of 3300 (54% males, 46% females) school children aged 7-12 years old. A survey of smoking habits and attitudes conducted in Saudi Arabia showed a positive correlation between parental smoking and asthma. This study showed a significant link between parental smoking and chest wheeze or whistling, cough, and family history of rhinitis. Evidence is accumulating that there is a relationship between parental smoking and respiratory symptoms in Saudi children. The present study results are clear evidence of a definite association between smoking in the home and bronchial asthma in young children, which not only may present immediate problems, but may also be a cause of illness in the future.
 ...
PMID:Parental smoking and the risk of childhood asthma. 189 81

Among spiny lobster fishermen on the Pacific coast of Miyazaki Prefecture, the authors found two cases with bronchial asthma due to occupational sensitization with red soft corals (Dendronephthytia nipponica). In this report are presented these two cases, and the results of further investigation from allergic viewpoint on 72 subjects of the same occupation. Among these fishermen, such symptoms as sneezing, nasal discharge, cough, asthmatic attacks, conjunctival hyperamia, and dermatitis on removal of catches (red soft corals) from a dragnet were seen during spiny lobster fishing season, from September to mid-April. These symptoms did not develop on days when no soft corals (marine coelenterate) were caught in the lobster net. From a survey conducted with questionnaires all subjects of fishermen had conjunctival and skin manifestations, 9% of them had bronchial asthma and 39% of them complained of symptoms of rhinitis on exposure to red soft corals. Intracutaneous test with red soft coral extract in the asthmatic fishermen showed strongly positive for immediate and delayed type reactions, whereas in ten asthmatics engaged in other occupation negative for delayed reaction and occasionally positive for immediate reaction. And in all of five healthy subjects the cutaneous reaction of both types were quite negative. These findings suggest that red soft corals are both allergenic and irritating to humans. The allergic reactions due to red soft corals are considered to be a kind of occupational allergy that has arisen from alterations in work condition.
 ...
PMID:[Red soft coral-induced allergic symptoms observed in spiny lobster fishermen]. 197 92

Chronic cough and/or phlegm, wheeze in the absence of colds, and rhinitis attributed to allergies are three of the most common respiratory symptoms encountered in community populations. In this study, we have determined the prevalence of these complaints in a random population sample (n = 1,109) using standardized questionnaires at two points in time, eight years apart. Cross-sectional prevalence and changes in symptom occurrence have been correlated with smoking status, allergen skin test reactivity, and total serum IgE levels. Our objective was to determine the individual and combined influence of these three variables on symptom prevalence. Initially, 19.2 percent of the population admitted to wheeze, 17.9 percent to cough, and 44.1 percent to allergic rhinitis. Cough and wheeze prevalence changed little over the eight-year period, while rhinitis increased 11 percent by the second survey. The occurrence of chronic cough was strongly correlated with smoking, and was not further influenced by either allergen skin reactivity or IgE level. Conversely, rhinitis prevalence was related to skin test reactivity with no additional association with smoking or IgE level. The occurrence of wheeze in the absence of colds was associated with both smoking and allergen skin reactivity. Among smokers, the prevalence was over 30 percent and was similar in both skin test positive (STP) and skin test negative (STN) individuals. However, on both surveys, STP ex-smokers and nonsmokers had significantly more wheeze than those who were STN. While the prevalence of wheeze in STN nonsmokers was low (6.8 percent), an IgE-wheeze relationship was also suggested on the second survey. In addition to these cross-sectional symptom relationships, changes in either smoking status or allergen skin reactivity during the study period were associated with changes in the prevalence of each symptom.
 ...
PMID:A longitudinal study of respiratory symptoms in a community population sample. Correlations with smoking, allergen skin-test reactivity, and serum IgE. 198 38

Maternal antibody to an outer membrane 68-kilodalton (kDa) protein of Bordetella bronchiseptica was shown to be protective in experiments on specific-pathogen-free piglets. After challenge with B. bronchiseptica, 100% (n = 19) control piglets from nonimmunized sows developed pneumonia, coughing, and sneezing, and 74% of the animals developed severe atrophic rhinitis. In 12 piglets from a sow immunized with 68-kDa protein, pneumonia occurred only in 34% of offspring, coughing was reduced, the duration of coughing bouts was shortened, and severe atrophic rhinitis occurred in one animal only (8%). The difference in the occurrence of atrophic rhinitis and of pneumonia in immunized and nonimmunized offspring was statistically significant (P less than 0.05). Sera of protected piglets had high titers (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) of antibodies that showed a high specificity for the 68-kDa protein isolated from B. bronchiseptica, whereas their reactivity with an analogous 69-kDa protein isolated from Bordetella pertussis was low or absent. The 68-kDa protein of B. bronchiseptica appeared to be the major protective antigen in B. bronchiseptica infection; however, isolated protein alone did not induce such a solid protection, as observed in a previous study after the application of an effective whole cell vaccine.
 ...
PMID:Identification of a 68-kilodalton outer membrane protein as the major protective antigen of Bordetella bronchiseptica by using specific-pathogen-free piglets. 213 11


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>