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Query: UMLS:C0010200 (cough)
 23,843 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

An epidemic of influenza B began in January, 1977, in two rural parishes in northeastern Louisiana and quickly spread to involve 29% of their population with clinical influenza. This epidemic was investigated using a standard questionnaire and a random sample of 4.2% of the population. The clinical illness was typical of influenza, with predominant fever, cough, malaise and headache. Gastrointestinal symptoms were part of the clinical syndrome. Rhinitis and diarrhea were significantly more common in children aged five years or less. Clinical attack rates increased with larger household size. The youngest age groups had clinical attack rate of 40--55%, but the elderly had very low attack rates. The direct cost of influenza-like illness during the epidemic averaged almost $30.00 per case. Knowledge of the cost of influenza-like illness and age-specific attack rates should be useful in planning future control efforts for influenza B.
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PMID:The epidemiology of influenza B in a rural setting in 1977. 11 Jan 44

There is increased recognition of hypersensitivity lung disease among workers with laboratory animals as an occupational disease. Symptoms of asthma in 44 of 78 workers with laboratory animal dander allergy reflected the serious consequences of this occupational ailment. Affected employee profiles induced family history of atopy; immediate (Type I) allergic reaction; symptoms of rhinitis, asthma, and cough; hypersensitivity to one or more species, most often rats, mice, and rabbits. Diagnosis depends on history and physical, radiologic, and laboratory examinations, including skin tests with relevant antigens. Control and treatment depend on environmental change (reemployment or reduction of antigen contact); mechanical devices (masks and filters); chemotherapy (bronchodilators, steroids), prophylaxis and immunotherapy (hyposensitization). Standardization of medico-legal criteria covering occupational asthma is needed.
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PMID:A review of allergic respiratory disease in laboratory animal workers. 15 57

The influence of certain work-related and host factors on the prevalence of respiratory symptoms and pulmonary function abnormalities in 405 red cedar workers and 187 control workers was examined. In cedar workers, but not in controls, the prevalence of chest symptoms increased with duration of exposure. The decline in pulmonary function with increasing duration of exposure was also more marked in cedar workers, but in both groups smoking was a more important determinant. Substantial proportions of cedar workers and, to a lesser extent, controls noted improvement of cough and wheeze, and particularly of conjunctivitis and rhinitis, when away from work. No deterioration, however, was found in pulmonary function during the work week in either exposure group. Atopic status was unrelated to the prevalence of chest symptoms or pulmonary function abnormalities; it was more common in workers with conjunctivitis and rhinitis, particularly in the cedar group. Similarly, Pi phenotype did not appear to influence the occurrence of either symptoms or lung function abnormalities.
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PMID:A respiratory survey of cedar mill workers. II. Influence of work-related and host factors on the prevalence of symptoms and pulmonary function abnormalities. 30 25

Patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) were investigated for mucociliary clearance (with and without stimulation by terbutaline), clinical picture, ventilatory function and ultrastructure of cilia. The results were compared with those of patients with congenitally immotile cilia (immotile-cilia syndrome). Mucociliary clearance could be demonstrated in all the seven CF patients who succeeded in inhaling the test aerosol. Ciliary ultrastructure from a deceased CF patient was normal. Patients with the immotile cilia syndrome had no substantial clearance and defective cilia. The CF patients coughed more during the clearance measurements than any other group studied earlier, and their coughing was effective. One patient succeeded in avoiding coughing in both measurements and had faster clearance when he got terbutaline than when he got the vehicle. Although younger, the CF patients tended to be more obstructed in their lungs and more handicapped than the patients suffering from the immotile-cilia syndrome. The latter patients had more discomfort from rhinitis, sinusitis and otitis than had the CF patients. An impairment of the mucociliary transport rate is hence unlikely to be a primary pathogenic factor for the respiratory tract disease in CF patients.
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PMID:Cystic fibrosis compared with the immotile-cilia syndrome. A study of mucociliary clearance, ciliary ultrastructure, clinical picture and ventilatory function. 37 89

During the last 12 years, 30 cases of tracheopathia chondro-osteoplastica have been diagnosed at the Department of Otolaryngology of Kuopio University. Ten of these were accidentally revealed by bronchoscopy, 2 by autopsy, but 18 were revealed through a systematic examination. Ten of these 18 were preliminarily diagnosed by indirect laryngoscopy. The average age for women was 51 and for men 42, the youngest patient being 11 and the oldest 71 years of age. The characteristic symptoms were long-term recurrent cough, hoarseness and periodic expectoration. The sputum was frequently abundant and crusty, and sometimes contained streaks of blood. Shortness of breath was a common symptom, but there were often entirely asymptomatic periods. The disease begins with a persistent purulent tracheitis, which, probably owing to calciphylaxis, causes accumulation of calcium salts in the tracheal mucosa. Cartilage and bone later develop around these accumulations. In most of the cases of tracheopathia chondro-osteoplastica in the present series, the condition was associated with atrophic rhinitis or pharyngitis. As the nasal disease improves, some regression may occur, though hardly healing. Calcium and phosphorus metabolism was not disturbed, and no immunological aberrations were found in any of the patients in this series.
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PMID:Tracheopathia chondro-osteoplastica. A clinical study of thirty cases. 40 93

A respiratory-occupational questionnaire and spirometry were used to compare the prevalence of symptoms and pulmonary function abnormalities in 405 workers exposed to red cedar dust and 252 control workers exposed to other wood dusts. Compared with controls, the cedar workers were found to have a significantly higher prevalence of respiratory symptoms, cough, phlegm, wheeze and breathlessness, as well as more rhinitis and conjunctivitis. While, as expected, there was a clear relationship between respiratory symptoms and cigarette smoking, there was also evidence to suggest a synergistic effect between exposure to cedar dust and smoking. There was no difference in the lung function between cedar workers and controls. Sixty-five workers in the control group previously had worked in red cedar mills; they had a higher prevalence of respiratory symptoms than other workers in this group. Red cedar asthma was found in only 1.1% of the cedar workers. This condition usually develops in the early months of exposure, and workers who are affected tend to leave the industry. The probable incidence of red cedar asthma was estimated to be higher, around 4-5%.
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PMID:A respiratory survey of cedar mill workers. I. Prevalence of symptoms and pulmonary function abnormalities. 65 Mar 5

Viral and bacterial infections in 20 children under 3 years of age were studied in a day centre for 12 weeks. Febrile illnesses were found on one occasion in each of 11 children but no serious infection occurred. Pneumococci types 6, 9, or 19 were isolated from all children but more often from those with rhinitis or cough. The individual child had an average of 2 viral infections. Adenovirus types 1, 2, 5, coxsackievirus type B5, herpes simplex virus or respiratory syncytial virus was isolated from 12% of the oropharynx swabs and 40% of the fecal specimens. When a virus was first isolated from the oropharynx, the children were asymptomatic or had only rhinitis in 73% of the cases which might indicate that the dismissing of symptomatic children is of limited value in controlling the spread of infections in a day care centre. Cytomegalovirus was recovered from 22% of the urine specimens. Carrier frequency of cytomegalovirus was 23% in 40 other children attending one of 13 different day care centers. Because asymptomatic cytomegalovirus infections apparently occur frequently among small children in Sweden, it seems reasonable not to take pronounced measures of isolating the children in the relatively few recognized cases of cytomegalovirus infections.
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PMID:Infections in preschool children in group day care. 77 98

The authors discuss the problem of the diagnosis of sinusitis in children from the viewpoint of the practising paediatrician, on the basis of 106 children and adolescents aged between 6 and 17 years, and suffering from sinusitis. Maxillary sinusitis (56.5%) and a combination of maxillary and ethmoidal sinusitis (24.5%) were commonest, and pan-sinusitis occurred in about 10% of cases. The commonest complaints in the history were cough, headache, pyrexia and rhinitis. The commonest clinical findings were pharyngitis, retropharyngeal drip, tenderness to pressure over the sinus points, otitis media, a deterioration in the general condition, enlarged tender angular lymph nodes, bronchitis and rhinitis. The result of treatment of sinusitis in childhood with the antibiotic used here, doxycycline, are assessed. A successful result was obtained in 94.3% of cases; cure in 77 patients (72.6%) and marked improvement in 23 (21.7%). There were six failures (5.7%). In the majority of children - 72 cases (68%), the duration of treatment was 15-21 days. It was 10-14 days in 18 children (17%) and more than 3 weeks in 16 children (15%). Rapid subjective improvement was seen in 65 cases (61.3%), and rapid objective improvement in 80 (75.5%). The tolerance of doxycycline was very good in nearly all patients. Mild symptoms of gastrointestinal intolerance were seen in two cases.
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PMID:Sinusitis in paediatrics. 83 May 15

Progressively severe sneezing, rhinorrhea, cough, wheezing, and dyspnea developed in a spray-painter, apparently in relation to exposure to a particular spray paint. A monitoring of exposure at work revealed the development of symptoms and a decrease in peak flow rates. Subsequent challenges in the laboratory performed under conditions resembling occupational exposure resulted in dual asthmatic responses on exposure to the whole paint (98 per cent methyl methacrylate emulsion and 2 per cent dimethyl ethanolamine solution) and to dimethyl ethanolamine solution (2 per cent) alone. Water, methyl methacrylate emulsion, and 1,4 dioxane (0.6 per cent) used as a thinner in the dimethyl ethanolamine did not produce a response in the airways. Allergy skin tests with dimethyl ethanolamine and a mixture of dimethyl ethanolamine and human serum albumin were negative. To our knowledge, this is the first report of asthma and/or rhinitis induced specifically by dimethyl ethanolamine. The mechanism of the specific reactivity is not known.
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PMID:Dimethyl ethanolamine-induced asthma. 85 20

An easy and safe dose-response histamine-inhalation test is described, to measure the level of non-specific bronchial reactivity. The test was performed in 307 subject. Non-specific bronchial reactivity was increased in 3% of presumed normal subjects, in 100% of active asthmatics and in 69% of asymptomatic asthmatics with previous symptoms only at times of exposure to clinically relevant allergens. It was also increased in 47% of patients with cough and no other chest symptoms, in 40% of patients with rhinitis and vague chest symptoms not by themselves diagnostic of asthma, and in 22% of patients with rhinitis and no chest symptoms. The patients with asthma were studied when their asthma was well controlled and when their minimum drug requirements had been established. The mean level of bronchial reactivity increased with increasing minimum drug requirements. The level of bronchial reactivity also showed a strong negative correlation with the forced expiratory volume in 1 sec (FEV1). Atopic subjects, with or without asthma, showed a significant positive correlation between the level of bronchial reactivity and atopic status as indicated by the number of positive allergy skin tests.
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PMID:Bronchial reactivity to inhaled histamine: a method and clinical survey. 90 21


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