Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0010200 (cough)
 23,843 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In order to verify whether pregnancy induces or worsens diabetic retinopathy or somatic and autonomic neuropathy, 16 insulin-dependent diabetic (IDDM) pregnant women, 14 age-matched nondiabetic pregnant women, and 12 IDDM nonpregnant women matched for age and disease duration were studied. Plasma glucose, HbA1c, and fructosamine were repeatedly assayed during pregnancy. Retinopathic and neuropathic endpoints were evaluated through ophthalmoscopy, electrophysiology of left peroneal and sural nerves (motor and sensory conduction velocities), and cardiovascular autonomic tests (deep breathing, cough test, lying-to-standing). In the IDDM pregnant women, evaluations were performed three times during pregnancy and 6 months after delivery. Good metabolic control was achieved during pregnancy. At baseline, nine IDDM pregnant women did not show signs of retinopathy, and seven had nonproliferative retinopathy. Only one patient showed worsening during pregnancy, but she improved after delivery. Motor conduction velocity, significantly lower in IDDM pregnant women, progressively improved, and, in the third trimester, was not significantly different from that of nondiabetic pregnant women. At baseline, none of the IDDM pregnant women had abnormal responses to cardiovascular autonomic tests. During pregnancy, the response to deep breathing appeared temporarily reduced in all pregnant women, possibly due to lowered ventilatory excursion at the end of pregnancy. In IDDM women with minimal or no retinopathy, and subclinical or no peripheral neuropathy, pregnancy does not appear to induce or worsen these complications.
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PMID:Pregnancy does not induce or worsen retinal and peripheral nerve dysfunction in insulin-dependent diabetic women. 955 84

Unexplained subdural and retinal haemorrhages in an infant are commonly attributed to 'shaking', the mechanism of which is believed to be traumatic venous rupture. However, the haemorrhagic retinopathy reported as a result of Valsalva manoeuvres and the subdural bleeding that is a rare complication of pertussis together demonstrate that if a sustained rise in intrathoracic pressure is transmitted to cerebral and retinal vessels, it may result in bleeding, similar to that reported in inflicted injury. Such haemorrhages would be expected to occur whenever severe paroxysmal coughing were induced, whatever the cause. This study used a computer modelling approach to investigate feeding accidents as the trigger for bleeding. A dynamic circulatory model of a 3-month-old infant was induced to 'cough', and the response to changes in physiological variables monitored. It showed that coughing causes intracranial pressures to build up exponentially to approach a maximum, proportional to the amount of pressure the musculature of the thorax can produce, as venous return is impeded. They do not have time to become dangerous during individual coughs, as blood quickly returns after the cough is over, reestablishing normal pressures. Paroxysmal coughing, however, does not allow blood to return between coughs, with the result that very high luminal pressures may be generated, sufficient to damage veins. A history of coughing, vomiting or choking is not uncommon in otherwise normal infants with retinal and subdural bleeding. Our findings suggest that paroxysmal coughing could account for such bleeding in some cases.
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PMID:Paroxysmal coughing, subdural and retinal bleeding: a computer modelling approach. 1708 77

To report a case of a patient with Valsalva retinopathy that developed sub-internal limiting membrane hemorrhage, underwent pars plana vitrectomy and had visual acuity improvement after that. A 35-year-old healthy patient presented with sudden and painless vision loss of her right eye, after coughing. During the ophthalmologic evaluation, she had a pre-macular hemorrhage and no other abnormalities. Initially, we chose for expectant management, but the hemorrhage did not clear totally. Thus, pars plana vitrectomy associated with internal limiting membrane peeling was indicated, with considerable improvement of her visual acuity, without perioperative complications or significant findings in the optical coherence tomography, autofluorescence and multifocal electroretinogram. In this case, sub-internal limiting membrane hemorrhage treatment with vitreoretinal surgery was relatively useful, with visual acuity improvement and resolution of sub-internal limiting membrane hemorrhage.
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PMID:[Sub-internal limiting membrane hemorrhage in Valsalva retinopathy: case report]. 2371 51

In recent months, the new coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 has emerged as a worldwide threat with about 4.2 million confirmed cases and almost 300 000 deaths. Its major clinical presentation is characterized by respiratory symptoms ranging from mild cough to serve pneumonia with fever and potentially even death. Until today, there is no known medication to improve clinical symptoms or even prevent or fight the infection. The search for a useful vaccination is ongoing and it will probably not be available before the end of 2020. In this review, we highlight hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) as a potential agent to prevent coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and reduce as well as shorten clinical symptoms. Moreover, it might serve as a potential post-exposition prophylaxis. Although it has been used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, discoid or systemic lupus erythematosus, and malaria prophylaxis and therapy for decades, knowledge on HCQ as a potential treatment for COVID-19 is limited and multiple clinical trials have just emerged. Especially, rare HCQ side effects which were of minor importance for use in selected indications might gain major relevance with population-wide application. These rare side effects include retinopathy and-even more important-QT prolongation leading to sudden cardiac death by malignant arrhythmias.
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PMID:Hydroxychloroquine in COVID-19 Therapy: Protection Versus Proarrhythmia. 3270 May 55

Long-chain fatty-acyl CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (LCHADD) is an inborn error of long chain fatty acid oxidation with various features including hypoketotic hypoglycemia, recurrent rhabdomyolysis, pigmentary retinopathy, peripheral neuropathy, cardiomyopathy, and arrhythmias. Various stresses trigger metabolic decompensation. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a pandemic caused by the RNA virus SARS-CoV-2 with diverse presentations ranging from respiratory symptoms to myocarditis. We report a case of a patient with LCHADD who initially presented with typical metabolic decompensation symptoms including nausea, vomiting, and rhabdomyolysis in addition to mild cough, and was found to have COVID-19. She developed acute respiratory failure and refractory hypotension from severe cardiomyopathy which progressed to multiple organ failure and death. Our case illustrates the need for close monitoring of cardiac function in patients with a long-chain fatty acid oxidation disorder.
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PMID:Fatal COVID-19 infection in a patient with long-chain 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency: A case report. 3320 95