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Query: UMLS:C0010200 (cough)
 23,843 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We studied the reliability of some simple clinical signs in the diagnosis of paediatric lower respiratory infection (LRI). Seventy infants and 148 children attending the outpatient department for cough of less than 15 days duration were studied. These children were examined by a paediatrician, and a proforma of simple clinical signs of LRI was filled in. A chest X-ray was taken on the same day and interpreted by a radiologist who did not know the clinical features of the patient. Clinical signs were then compared with X-ray changes, the latter being taken to indicate the presence of LRI. Respiratory rates of greater than 40/min in infants and greater than 30/min in older children were found to be the best indicators of LRI as revealed by a receiver-operating-characteristic curve. Chest indrawing and nasal flaring were found to be associated with moderate and severe disease.
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PMID:Simple clinical signs of lower respiratory infection. 228 67

The aim of this study was to evaluate the causes of prolonged cough in a patient population referred to a chest clinic during a single year. One hundred and ninety-eight patients (11%) of the total yearly 1745 adult admissions fulfilled our criteria of prolonged cough. Asthma, suspicion of asthma and postnasal drip were the commonest causes of prolonged cough in 147 patients with normal chest roentgenograms (26%, 9% and 16%, respectively), and in 45% the cough was of unexplained origin. Nonspecific bronchial hyperreactivity was common in this latter group of patients probably due to a previous respiratory infection. Lung cancer (37%), tuberculosis (16%), sarcoidosis (16%), and allergic alveolitis (9%) were the most important findings in patients with abnormal chest roentgenograms.
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PMID:Causes of prolonged cough in patients referred to a chest clinic. 260 35

Mycoplasma pneumoniae is a pathogenic micro-organism frequently held responsible for acute respiratory infection. The disease is ubiquitous and often proceeds in epidemics among small communities of young people (families, army barracks, universities). Its usual clinical manifestations consist of a stubborn cough symptomatic of tracheo-bronchitis with or without fever, and inflammation of the upper respiratory tract. Cases where chest X-rays show a pulmonary infiltrate are less frequent, but they differ from other lung diseases in that the respiratory signs at physical examination are discreet. The presence of cold agglutinins is not specific, but it contributes to the diagnosis. Cutaneous, neuromeningeal, cardiovascular and osteo-articular manifestations are rare, usually delayed and of lesser importance. Diagnosis rests on positive cultures of tracheo-bronchial or pharyngeal samples and/or on a significant increase in the titers of serum antibodies directed against M. pneumoniae. The disease is usually benign. Antibiotic therapy with macrolides or tetracyclines shortens its duration and reduces the incidence of complications. The latter chiefly concern elderly subjects and patients with COLD for whom M. pneumoniae infection constitutes a major risk of respiratory failure.
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PMID:[Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections]. 266 46

Thirty-one patients with a dry cough for at least 1 h duration in more than half of the last 30 days and with no recent respiratory infection participated in a clinical trial to evaluate the effect of inhaled beclomethasone dipropionate (BDP). Lung function was normal and reversibility was excluded by spirometry before and after bronchodilator and by no diurnal variation in home peak flow monitoring. Only one had significant eosinophilia and only three were mildly hyperreactive by bronchial provocation with histamine. After a 1-week run-in period the patients were randomly allocated to receive either BDP 4 puffs of 50 micrograms b.i.d., or placebo. After 2 weeks the patients were crossed over and received the alternative treatment for another 2-week period. The degree of cough, disturbance of night sleep and peak expiratory flow morning and evening were recorded daily in a diary. Spirometry was performed at each control visit. A significant period effect from run-in to period 1 and/or from period 1 to period 2 was demonstrated for cough and disturbance at night but not for peak flow or spirometry. However, no significant treatment effect was found for any of the measured variables.
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PMID:Chronic non-asthmatic cough is not affected by inhaled beclomethasone dipropionate. A controlled double blind clinical trial. 268 36

Swedish speaking parents of 446 children, all around one year of age and living in the suburbs of Stockholm, participated in a three-week diary study. The aim was to describe the pattern of illnesses in children and the measures taken in the family and to correlate the findings with the socio-economic conditions of the family. A health complaint, most frequently running or blocked nose or a cough, was recorded for about 1/3 of the days of observation. Some form of family action was recorded on 70% of these days. Medicines were given on 39% of the complaint days and relatives, friends or a health professional were contacted on less than 10% of the days. In case of acute respiratory infection medicines were given or a health professional contacted more often if the symptom was recorded as severe. Most frequently the Child Health Centre nurse was consulted. The measures taken by the parents were judged to be rational. However, one quarter of the parents expressed uncertainty about the care of the acute infectious disorders of the child. Correlations between family response and socioeconomic factors were weak.
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PMID:Acute illnesses in young children and family response. 363 Jun 81

Respiratory infections of 19 subjects of advanced age and/or with underlying respiratory disease were treated with cefoperazone (CPZ) and its clinical effects were studied. Sixteen subjects suffered from respiratory tract infection and 3 subjects had pneumonia. The age of the subjects ranged from 39 to 77 years with the mean of 63.8, 7 of them being more than 70 years of age. The underlying respiratory diseases included chronic pulmonary emphysema in 6 subjects, diffuse panbronchiolitis in 3, bronchiectasis in 3, silicosis in 2 and one each of chronic bronchitis, pulmonary fibrosis, lung cancer and old pulmonary tuberculosis. One case, 75 years of age, had renal insufficiency. The daily dose of CPZ was 4 grams in 18 of the 19 subjects and the duration of administration ranged 5 to 22 days. The remaining 1 subject received 2 g of CPZ daily for 6 days. Clinical effects were judged from the changes in fever, cough, amount of sputum, dyspnea, rales, cyanosis, chest X-ray, white blood cell counts, CRP, erythrocyte sedimentation rates and results of sputum culture. Clinical effects were good in 16 subjects, fair in 1, and poor in 2. Bacteriological follow-up was carried out in 13 subjects. Infecting bacteria were eliminated from 5 subjects, reduced in 2 and, in 4 subjects, they were replaced by other bacteria. In 1 subject, P. aeruginosa was isolated from sputum even after the treatment with CPZ, and in another subject H. influenzae relapsed immediately after the cessation of the CPZ treatment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Effects of cefoperazone on respiratory infections of patients of advanced age and/or with underlying respiratory diseases]. 373 62

The efficacy of an antitussive-beta 2-sympathomimetic combination (dextromethorphan-salbutamol) was compared with that of a plain antitussive (dextromethorphan) and a placebo in a double-blind trial in 108 out-patients with cough associated with acute respiratory infection. The dextromethorphan-salbutamol combination was superior to dextromethorphan or placebo in the suppression of cough at night, although a spontaneous improvement occurred in all treatment groups during the 4-day treatment period. No statistically significant differences between the treatments were shown in the symptom scores for the cough frequency and severity during the day, sputum quantity or ease of expectoration. A significant improvement in cough during the day was observed in all treatment groups. The results suggest that the use of antitussives is usually unnecessary; the only indication might be symptomatic relief, especially at night. An antitussive combined with a beta 2-sympathomimetic might be the most effective treatment in this type of cough.
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PMID:The treatment of acute transient cough: a placebo-controlled comparison of dextromethorphan and dextromethorphan-beta 2-sympathomimetic combination. 375 44

During eight weeks of a recent influenza epidemic 29 patients with ketoacidosis were admitted to the General Hospital, Birmingham. This was an exceptionally large number of cases. Of these, 14 had complained of a cough, nine had clinical evidence of respiratory infection, and four extensive bronchopneumonia. Hypokalaemia was present on admission in several instances and caused respiratory failure and death in three patients. Since the dangers of initial hypokalaemia are increased during the treatment of ketoacidosis, especially when sodium bicarbonate is used, serum potassium levels must be estimated initially and, if necessary, potassium chloride given intravenously at more frequent intervals than usual.
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PMID:Diabetic ketoacidosis during the influenza epidemic. 499 May 51

An open study was carried out in 74 wheezy infants and children, average age 16 months, to assess the efficacy and tolerance of ketotifen given in the form of a syrup at a dosage of 0.02 to 0.03 mg/kg body weight twice daily over a period of 12 weeks. Treatment was assessed as being successful, by both parents and physician, in 62 (84%) of the patients. Wheeze completely disappeared in 42 (57%) patients, cough in 50 (67%) and bronchial hypersecretion in 47 (64%). Patients who developed a superimposed respiratory infection during the treatment period had milder symptoms than usual; these lasted for a shorter time and in most patients it was not necessary to give antibiotics. Forty-one of the 62 patients who had responded successfully to ketotifen suffered a relapse when treatment was withdrawn at the end of the trial period. Ketotifen was well-tolerated by the majority of patients. The side-effect most frequently reported by the parents was dry mouth, which occurred in 21 patients.
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PMID:Treatment of wheezy infants and children with ketotifen. 635 29

Since 1959, the Pig Health Control Association (PHCA) has run a national health-control scheme for pig herds believed to be free from enzootic pneumonia. During this time, many herds developed this disease without a simple explanation. From 1968, 55 such unexplained breakdowns have been studied in detail. The first signs in 50 breakdowns were either coughing in growing pigs (52 per cent of outbreaks), illness in adult stock (34 per cent of outbreaks) or pneumonia in routinely slaughtered pigs (14 per cent of outbreaks). In some outbreaks, enzootic pneumonia appeared to grow out of a pre-existing respiratory infection, which was not identified as enzootic pneumonia, in suckling pigs, suggesting that either Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae was already present in a latent state, or it more readily seeded damaged respiratory tracts from outside. In three outbreaks of this type, where pathological material was collected during the transition period, no laboratory evidence was obtained for the presence of M hyopneumoniae in the primary respiratory disease. Analysis of breakdowns in two national testing stations indicated that clinical/pathological signs might not develop until three to five months after the introduction of an infected group of weaners. It is possible, therefore, that a pig herd might not show obvious signs of the disease until up to six months or more after initial infection. There was little evidence to indicate that unexplained breakdowns arose from long term latent infection in other herds from which stock had been imported. There was considerable evidence, however, to suggest that breakdowns arose from extraneous sources.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Apparent reinfection of enzootic-pneumonia-free pig herds: early signs and incubation period. 649 92


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