Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0010200 (cough)
 23,843 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Soon after the occupation of Japan, military physicians began recording an unusually large number of patients with asthma. Subsequent reports labeled the condition "Yokohama asthma" and called it a new environmental respiratory disease. It occurred in the Tokyo-Yokohama area, in previously healthy persons, from October to May during the time of the heaviest concentration of air pollution. The disease begins with cough at night, wheezing and shortness of breath, and apparently does not respond to the usual forms of treatment for asthma. It was reported that the symptoms subsided upon removal of the patient from the Tokyo-Yokohama area but abruptly recurred upon return to the area. It has been implied that the disease is a hypersensitivity phenomenon due to some unknown contaminant in the atmosphere. More recent studies indicate that Tokyo-Yokohama asthma is not a disease but a syndrome seen in people with bronchial infections and asthma. The high level of air pollution is thought to have an aggravating rather than a sensitizing effect.
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PMID:Tokyo-Yokohama asthma. A review and some current concepts. 594 55

A 6-year-old Thoroughbred gelding was examined because of respiratory disease that developed after it was placed on pasture occupied by a donkey. Clinical signs in the gelding included a harsh, dry paroxysmal cough and increased expiratory effort. Eosinophils were seen in smears of mucus aspirated from the trachea and the bronchi. Immature, 5th-stage Dictyocaulus arnfieldi was identified in the tracheal mucus. The cough and other clinical signs were not diminished by corticosteroid therapy or by the administration of bronchodilators. Treatment with 10-fold therapeutic dosages of thiabendazole (440 mg/kg) on each of 2 successive days resulted in permanent cessation of the clinical signs.
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PMID:Chronic respiratory disease in a horse infected with Dictyocaulus arnfieldi. 621 Jun 48

From June to October 1978 four pony mares and foals and two donkey mares and foals grazed a paddock contaminated with Dictyocaulus arnfieldi larvae. No signs of respiratory disease were seen in the foals but within 11 weeks of exposure to the paddock all six developed patent lungworm infections. In October 1978 one donkey and two pony foals were killed. At post mortem examination parasites in various stages of development and measuring up to 8 cm in length were found in the lungs. At this time the three surviving foals were stabled for the remainder of the experiment. Two of these ceased passing D arnfieldi larvae during the winter months but in one pony foal patency persisted until the study ended in August 1979. Patent lungworm infections were not seen in the pony mares, although two started to cough four to six weeks after starting to graze the infected paddock. One of the affected mares was killed in October 1978 when seven small (less than 7 mm) D arnfieldi were recovered. The other continued to cough until the end of the study over a year later.
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PMID:Natural infection with Dictyocaulus arnfieldi in pony and donkey foals. 621 Sep 40

Enteric types of adenovirus have recently been identified as a causative agent of infantile gastroenteritis. We utilized enzyme immunoassay and tissue culture techniques to evaluate prospectively the role of ET Ad in diarrhea occurring in hospitalized infants. We found that ET Ad was associated with 14 of 27 cases of diarrhea occurring during a 12-week study period in the late autumn and early winter months; ET Ad was found in the stool of only one of 72 children without diarrhea (P less than 0.001). Although adenoviruses other than ET Ad were found in the stools of two of the 27 children with diarrhea, such viruses were also found in the stools of five of 72 children without diarrhea and thus could not be statistically correlated with acute gastroenteritis. Children infected with ET Ad had diarrhea for a mean of 8.0 days, compared to a mean duration of 4.2 days for the children with gastroenteritis not associated with ET Ad. Thirteen of the 14 children with ET Ad gastroenteritis had respiratory symptoms such as cough, rhinorrhea, or wheezing, six had roentgenographic evidence of pneumonia, and three children had bilateral conjunctivitis. This study documents that ET Ad can be an important cause of acute gastrointestinal disease in hospitalized infants and young children and that gastrointestinal infections with ET Ad can be associated with a high rate of respiratory disease.
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PMID:Gastroenteritis associated with enteric type adenovirus in hospitalized infants. 628 53

In September 1980, an outbreak of febrile respiratory disease was observed in a herd of sows (1-2 years of age) in Ehime Prefecture, Japan. Most of the swine showed clinical signs of disease such as depression, anorexia, fever, nasal discharge, and cough. A hemagglutinating agent was isolated from a nasal swab from one of the diseased pigs. By cross-hemagglutination-inhibition and neuraminidase-inhibition tests with antisera to influenza viruses of swine origin, the isolate was identified as an influenza A virus of the H1N2 (former designation, Hsw1N2) subtype, and designated A/swine/Ehime/1/80 (H1N2). Significant antibody rises against the surface antigens of the isolate were found in convalescent swine sera. The distribution of antibody against H1N2 virus in swine sera in Ehime Prefecture was examined. Seven (8%) of 93 sera collected after the outbreak (in 1981) showed antibodies to only H1 and N2 antigens but none of the sera before the outbreak contained such antibodies, indicating that H1N2 virus had been restricted prevalent among swine but was not wide-spread until 1981.
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PMID:Further isolation of a recombinant virus (H1N2, formerly Hsw1N2) from a pig in Japan in 1980. 630 8

Since 1959, the Pig Health Control Association (PHCA) has run a national health-control scheme for pig herds believed to be free from enzootic pneumonia. During this time, many herds developed this disease without a simple explanation. From 1968, 55 such unexplained breakdowns have been studied in detail. The first signs in 50 breakdowns were either coughing in growing pigs (52 per cent of outbreaks), illness in adult stock (34 per cent of outbreaks) or pneumonia in routinely slaughtered pigs (14 per cent of outbreaks). In some outbreaks, enzootic pneumonia appeared to grow out of a pre-existing respiratory infection, which was not identified as enzootic pneumonia, in suckling pigs, suggesting that either Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae was already present in a latent state, or it more readily seeded damaged respiratory tracts from outside. In three outbreaks of this type, where pathological material was collected during the transition period, no laboratory evidence was obtained for the presence of M hyopneumoniae in the primary respiratory disease. Analysis of breakdowns in two national testing stations indicated that clinical/pathological signs might not develop until three to five months after the introduction of an infected group of weaners. It is possible, therefore, that a pig herd might not show obvious signs of the disease until up to six months or more after initial infection. There was little evidence to indicate that unexplained breakdowns arose from long term latent infection in other herds from which stock had been imported. There was considerable evidence, however, to suggest that breakdowns arose from extraneous sources.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Apparent reinfection of enzootic-pneumonia-free pig herds: early signs and incubation period. 649 92

Patients with respiratory disease commonly report that their sleep is disrupted by nocturnal cough. We have recorded cough during the night in 10 patients with severe chronic bronchitis and emphysema (forced expiratory volume in one second, 1.0 +/- SEM 0.1/L) who complained of nocturnal cough and correlated cough with electroencephalographic sleep stage and arterial oxygenation. Cough was recorded using a directional microphone and an auto-editing tape recorder system. Each cough was subsequently verified by a listener. There was a mean of 14.6 +/- 4.5 bouts of coughing per patient per night, each bout lasting on average 3.9 +/- 0.2 s. Eighty-five percent of coughing bouts occurred during electroencephalographically confirmed wakefulness (p less than 0.02 versus sleep), and coughs during true sleep were rare, with only 1 patient coughing during rapid eye movement sleep and none during Stages 3 and 4 sleep. Cough was only once followed by arousal. There was no correlation between cough and either apneas or hypoxemia during sleep. We conclude that spontaneous cough is suppressed during sleep and only rarely awakens patients.
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PMID:Nocturnal cough in patients with chronic bronchitis and emphysema. 650 20

Clinical signs and haematological findings during the acute and convalescent phases of an infection with bovine respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) were studied under field conditions. The study was carried out in 139 cattle less than 16 months of age in 16 herds with serologically proven bovine RSV infections. Blood was collected for serological and haematological examination. Repeated clinical examinations were carried out until 35 days after appearance of disease. Signs of general disease such as reduced appetite and a body temperature of 40 degrees C or higher lasted less than three days in most cases. Signs of upper respiratory disease, such as coughing, nasal discharge and conjunctivitis were predominant and persisted in 10 to 30 per cent of the animals till the end of the observation period. Signs of lower respiratory disease such as abdominal breathing, bronchial and bronchovesicular sounds on auscultation and a high respiration rate were valuable in diagnosing the disease. These symptoms were present in about 50 per cent of the animals in the early stages of the disease. They lasted for about six days and disappeared in most animals after about 10 days. On haematological examination statistically significant blood changes were observed. A rise in zinc and iron between day 0 and day 10 and a reduction in copper content between day 10 and day 21 were found.
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PMID:Bovine respiratory syncytial virus infections in young dairy cattle: clinical and haematological findings. 670 77

The efficacy of guaifenesin in reducing cough frequency in young adults with acute respiratory disease was evaluated by both an objective cough counting system and a questionnaire. A guaifenesin cough preparation and the syrup vehicle were administered in a double-blind manner. Coughs were recorded on tape over a 24-hour baseline evaluation period and a 36-hour treatment period for 42 patients. A pronounced diurnal variation in cough frequency was observed. The evaluation of efficacy was based upon comparisons between equivalent six-hour time periods of successive days. No antitussive effect of guaifenesin was demonstrated. The questionnaire was administered to 65 patients, including the 42 whose coughs were recorded. Of 26 patients with productive cough receiving guaifenesin, 25 (96 percent) reported a decrease in sputum thickness compared to 13 (54 percent) of 24 patients receiving the vehicle (p = 0.01, Fisher exact test). Twenty-three of 26 (88 percent) patients receiving guaifenesin also reported reduction in sputum quantity compared to 15 of 24 (62.5 percent) receiving the vehicle (p = 0.07, Fisher exact test). The diurnal variation in cough frequency measured by the tape recording was not apparent from the subjective cough frequency estimates obtained by the questionnaire.
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PMID:Antitussive effect of guaifenesin in young adults with natural colds. Objective and subjective assessment. 675 74

Nervous receptors in the lungs and respiratory tract can be grouped into four general categories. 1. Deep, slowly adapting end-organs, which respond to stretch of the airway wall and have large-diameter myelinated fibres; those in the lungs are responsible for the Breuer-Hering reflex. 2. Endings in and under the epithelium which respond to a variety of chemical and mechanical stimuli (i.e. are polymodal), usually with a rapidly adapting discharge, and with small-diameter myelinated fibres; they are responsible for defensive reflexes such as cough and sneeze, and for the reflex actions to inhaled irritants and to some respiratory disease processes. 3. Receptors with nonmyelinated nerve fibres which, being polymodal, are stimulated by tissue damage and oedema and by the mediators released in these conditions; these receptors may be similar in function to 'nociceptors' in other viscera, and set up appropriate reflexes as a reaction to respiratory damage. 4. Specialized receptors such as those for taste and swallowing, and those around joints and in skeletal muscle. Stimulation of any group of receptors may cause reflex changes in breathing (including defensive reflexes), bronchomotor tone, airway mucus secretion, the cardiovascular system (including the vascular bed of the airways), laryngeal calibre, spinal reflexes and sensation. The total pattern of motor responses is unique for each group of receptors, although it is probably unusual for one type of receptor to be stimulated in isolation. The variety of patterns of motor responses must reflect the complexity of brainstem organization of these systems.
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PMID:Pulmonary and respiratory tract receptors. 675 70


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