Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0010200 (cough)
 23,843 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

To discover the prevalence of chronic respiratory disease and the various factors associated with it, 1162 men (85% of the defined population) aged 25 to 69 years were surveyed using a questionnaire, chest radiograph and spirometry. 112 men with pulmonary tuberculosis or "other respiratory disease" were excluded from the analysis. Excluding the youngest age group (25 to 39 years), the smokers were thinner than the non-smokers. The percentages of overweight men among the non-smokers, ex-smokers and smokers were 22%, 27% and 14%, respectively (P less than 0.001). Almost all respiratory symptoms were more common in the smokers than in the non-smokers, and the prevalence of cough, phlegm, severe breathlessness and the effect of weather on respiratory symptoms significantly increased with age. Asthma was not associated with age or smoking, nor was socioeconomic status associated with chronic respiratory disease. The ventilatory function, measured by FEV1, FVC and FEV%, was worse in the smokers than in the non-smokers. In addition the slope of FEV% on age was significantly steeper in the ex-smokers and the various groups of smokers than in the non-smokers.
 ...
PMID:Chronic respiratory disease in rural men. An epidemiological survey at Hankasalmi, Finland. 67 6

Eight collie-cross pups, eight weeks old, were inoculated intramuscularly with an aluminum hydroxide adjuvanted preparation of killed Bordetella bronchiseptica; the inoculation was repeated after two weeks. Two weeks after the second inoculation, the vaccinated dogs and a control group of four unvaccinated animals were placed in contact with a group of five pups of similar age which had been experimentally infected with a pathogenic strain of B bronchiseptica by an aerosol method. All four unvaccinated control dogs as well as all five experimentally infected dogs developed a respiratory disease characterised by persistent coughing. Six of the vaccinated dogs remained free from clinical respiratory disease while disease was less severe and of shorter duration in the remaining two than in controls. Only slight changes were found in the lungs of vaccinated animals at necropsy while in the controls there was a severe tracheobronchitis. There was a marked reduction in the numbers of B bronchiseptica isolated from the respiratory tract of vaccinated animals when compared with controls. An aluminium hydroxide adjuvanted vaccine may be of value in controlling naturally occurring canine respiratory disease in which B bronchiseptica is involved.
 ...
PMID:Vaccination against canine bordetellosis: protection from contact challenge. 68 92

A group of eight-week-old dogs was inoculated with a heat-killed suspension of Bordetella bronchiseptica by the intramuscular route on two occasions at an interval of two weeks. All vaccinated animals developed high circulating agglutinin titres by two weeks after the second inoculation at which time the vaccinated dogs and a comparable group of unvaccinated animals were challenged by exposure to an aerosol of live B bronchiseptica. Both vaccinated and unvaccinated dogs subsequently developed clinical respiratory disease characterised by persistent coughing but the onset of disease in vaccinated animals was delayed by up to five days when compared with the controls. B bronchiseptica was isolated from the nasal cavity, tracheobronchial tree and lung parenchyma of vaccinated and control dogs.
 ...
PMID:Vaccination against Bordetella bronchiseptica infection in dogs using a heat-killed bacterial vaccine. 70 48

Six collie dogs, eight weeks old, were inoculated intramuscularly with an aluminium hydroxide adjuvanted preparation of killed Bordetella bronchiseptica; the inoculation was repeated after two weeks. Two weeks after the second inoculation, the vaccinated dogs and a comparable group of six unvaccinated animals were challenged by exposure to an aerosol of pathogenic B bronchiseptica. All six unvaccinated control dogs developed respiratory disease characterised by persistent coughing. In contrast, four of the vaccinated dogs remained free from clinical respiratory disease while, in the other two dogs, disease was less severe and of shorter duration than in controls. At necropsy, there were only slight changes in the lungs of vaccinated dogs but in controls there was a severe tracheobronchitis with areas of exudative pneumonia. Bacteriological examination showed a marked reduction in the numbers of B bronchiseptica isolated from the respiratory tract of vaccinated animals compared with controls. An aluminium hydroxide adjuvant vaccine may be of value in controlling naturally occurring respiratory disease in dogs in which B bronchiseptica is involved.
 ...
PMID:Vaccination against canine bordetellosis using an aluminum hydroxide adjuvant vaccine. 70 49

The anatomical distribution of plasma cells and other cells containing immunoglobulin in the respiratory tract, and the relative proportions of the immunoglobulin classes have been estimated on necropsy tissues from nine adult human subjects without respiratory disease, five non-smokers and four smokers, none of whom had cough or sputum. Cell counts on multiple sections stained by immunofluorescent methods for the presence of immunoglobulin were carried out on the upper trachea, main bronchus, and lower lobe bronchus. Cells containing immunoglobulin were found mostly in the submucous glands but were also present in the lamina propria of the tracheal and bronchial epithelium. These cells were present in the greatest concentration in the main bronchus and were always present in the lobar bronchus and, in most subjects, in the upper trachea. The cells were not always present round small bronchi and bronchioles and were virtually absent from alveolar walls. Cells containing IgA were much more numerous than those containing other immunoglobulin classes in all subjects except one, in whom IgG and IgE cells were equally numerous. Two subjects appeared to be significantly different from the rest. One non-smoking subject had a marked deficiency of IgA cells at all sampling sites, and one smoker had a marked excess of IgA cells. In spite of these two subjects there was no significant difference between smokers and non-smokers except in the lobar bronchus where the smokers had significantly more IgA cells than the non-smokers.
 ...
PMID:Distribution of plasma cells and other cells containing immunoglobulin in the respiratory tract of normal man and class of immunoglobulin contained therein. 78 99

The role of Bordetella bronchiseptica as a primary pathogen in nautrally occurring respiratory disease of dogs has been in question since its original isolation in 1911. A study to determine the incidence of B. bronchiseptica in a closed breeding kennel has revealed that the frequency of such isolations is closely associated with mild respiratory disease characterized by a moist, sometimes productive, cough. Infection with B. bronchiseptica usually occurred shortly after weaning and produced illness which lasted for one to two weeks. The organisms, however, continued to be shed for two to three months, and important factor in maintaining the infection in this kennel. Adult dogs sampled at frequent intervals did not harbor B. bronchiseptica in spite of their almost constant exposure to heavily infected pups; immunity to reinfection, therefore, appeared to develop. The involvement of several known canine respiratory viral agents was excluded by virus isolation and serological techniques. It therefore was concluded that B. bronchiseptica was the primary cause of respiratory disease in this large breeding kennel.
 ...
PMID:Naturally occurring respiratory disease in a kennel caused by Bordetella bronchiseptica. 87 Feb 89

A survey of the respiratory symptoms and smoking habits of a population of 20-year-olds- followed since birth- was repeated when they reached the age of 25. The association of cough prevalence with current smoking habits and with lower respiratory tract illness in childhood found in the survey at age 20 was confirmed and in each instance appears to have increased in strength over the 5 years. At age 25, however, the prevalence of cough was associated at a statistically significant level with fathers' occupation; and this association with social class of origin could not be explained by persisting differences in social status based on the educational levels attained by early adult life. The association with exposure to air pollution in childhood, although more obvious than before, could be due to chance. The prevalence of cough increased between the ages of 20 and 25 among those who smoked throughout or who started to smoke during this period. It declined for those who never smoked and for those who were smoking at 20 but had given up by 25. The implications of these changing patterns of respiratory disease behaviour at a crucial stage between adolescence and adult life are briefly discussed.
 ...
PMID:Chronic cough in young adults in relation to smoking habits, childhood environment and chest illness. 93 82

Similar populations of male and female office workers in San Francisco, which has little air pollution, and in Los Angeles, which experiences frequent photochemical smog episodes, were surveyed in an attempt to document excess respiratory symptoms and dysfunction in Los Angeles relatable to air pollution. Most results of forced expiratory tests, single-breath N2 tests, and questionnaire interviews did not differ significantly between cities. Los Angeles women reported nonpersistent cough and phlegm more often than did San Francisco women. Smokers in both cities showed increased functional abnormalities. These results suggested that Los Angeles oxidant exposure is far less significant than smoking as a risk factor in development of chronic respiratory disease in sedentary indoor workers in good general health. Oxidant exposure has not been ruled out as a significant risk to more heavily exposed on more highly susceptible persons.
 ...
PMID:Respiratory function and symptoms in urban office workers in relation to oxidant air pollution exposure. 97 Jul 28

A new method for objective assessment of cough under normal or pathological conditions is described. Thoracic coughing can be discriminated from any other pressure wave because of its relatively high frequency. This method was applied in a double blind crossover trial in 18 patients with respiratory disease.
 ...
PMID:Objective evaluation of antitussive agents under clinical conditions. 110 26

The artificially induced cough reflex in experimental animals should necessarily be similar to the cough which occurs naturally in humans. The curve demonstrated during a cough of each patient with respiratory disease was characteristic. Compared with the curve of a cough-like reflex (CLR) induced by DMPP, the curve of a cough induced by electrical stimulation of the tracheal mucosa was similar to that of a cough in humans. In dogs and cats anesthetized with alpha-chloralose (80 similar to 100 mg/kg i.p.), the number of CLR with DMPP was dose dependent. Tachphylaxis did not occur despite repeated administration of DMPP. DMPP (5 similar to 10 mug/kg i.v.) did not affect airway resistance. CLR with DMPP was depressed not only by morphine, codeine, oxymethebanol, picoperidamine, piclobetol and hexacol but also by hexamethonium. Thus, it appears that the mechanism of CLR with DMPP is different from that in the cough reflex. This CLR may be utilized for determining the physiology of cough reflex and the site of action of antitussives.
 ...
PMID:[Pharmacological studies on the cough reflex]. 116 90


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>