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Query: UMLS:C0010200 (cough)
 23,843 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In an intensive care unit an important role is assigned to respiratory physiotherapy. Its principal task is efficacious toilet of the bronchi by fluidifying the secretions, promoting their ungluing from the respiratory tree and facilitating their evacuation by cough or by aspiration with a catheter or bronchoscope. The technique comprises the inhalation of a secretolytic (e.g. Bisolvon, NaCl 9%) and, in the case of asthma, bronchospasmolytic (e.g. Ventoline) aerosol followed by breathing exercises. The other objectives of physiotherapy are to ensure a better distribution of inspired air, increase failing ventilation, ameliorate disturbed gas exchange, relax the contracted respiratory muscles and prevent bronchiolar collapse in emphysema during expiration. The field of application of respiratory physiotherapy is large; its purpose is prophylactic and therapeutic. The method is prophylactic in all patients confined to bed, where there is a risk of bronchial obstruction or ventilatory failure, especially in those with severe operation, traumatism or consciousness disorder. Physiotherapy has a therapeutic role in several, principally broncho-pulmonary diseases, such as asthma, obstructive emphysema, pneumonia, bronchiectasis, pulmonary abscess, atelectasis, and pulmonary and pleural fibrosis. Myocardial infarction and pulmonary embolism in the acute state, acute pulmonary edema, pneumothorax and pulmonary hemorrhage are contraindications for physiotherapy. If the method is to be effective the intensive care unit should have a specialized physiotherapist attached to it working there on a daily basis.
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PMID:[The role of respiratory physiotherapy in an intensive care unit]. 52 99

Chlamydia trachomatis was isolated from the epipharynx of a 10-week-old baby girl taken ill with pneumonia but without signs of conjunctivitis. The infant developed specific antibodies to the organism. The course of the pneumonia was protracted, with cough and tachypnea. The baby, who was afebrile, improved on antibiotic therapy but pulmonary infiltrates persisted for several months. To our knowledge, this is the first case of pneumonia in an infant associated with C. trachomatis infection reported elsewhere than North America.
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PMID:Pneumonia associated with Chlamydia trachomatis infection in an infant. 52 46

An isolate of Chlamydia psittaci from ovine pneumonia produced extensive pneumonia in red deer after endobronchial inoculation. Associated clinical signs lasting for several days included pyrexia, inappetance, increased pulse and respiration rate, and physical distress after handling, but no coughing or upper respiratory symptoms. Histologically, an acute exudative reaction was present after two days, and an early proliferative response after seven days. Both the clinical and pathological responses were more marked than those usually associated with chlamydial pneumonia in other large animals after endobronchial infection. A small survey for chlamydial antibody in wild red deer was negative.
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PMID:Experimental pneumonia in red deer (Cervus elaphus L) produced by an ovine chlamydia. 53 73

Because of inspiration into the tracheo-bronchial aireays, regurgitation from purely oesophageal diseases can provoke various respiratory affections: acute broncho-pulmonary blocking broncho-pneumonia, pulmonary suppuration, night cough, fits of nocturnal suffocation, chronic bronchitis sometimes hemoptic. A mega oesophagus, a diverticulum, stenosis or oesophagus cancer are at the origin. Oesophago-bronchial fistulae are excluded. The decrease of the glottal guarde remains to be explained because it usually protects the trachea from such mishaps (part played by decubitus, sleep, secretions stagnating in the pharynx).
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PMID:[Broncho-pulmonary manifestations during non-fistulized esophageal lesions]. 61 85

A follow-up study of eight Mayo Clinic patients with chronic eosinophilic pneumonia (also called Carrington's eosinophilic pneumonitis) was done in order to ascertain, if possible, the long-term prognosis of this entity, since it has not been delineated clearly in the literature. Chronic eosinophilic pneumonia is a subacute-to-chronic pulmonary disorder occurring most commonly in nonatopic women with cough, fever, dyspnea, weight loss, and night sweats. The typical chest roentgenogram shows peripheral non-migratory infiltrates, and the characteristic pulmonary histologic finding is eosinophilic infiltration of the interstitium and alveolar spaces. Peripheral eosinophilia is seen in most cases but not all. At the time of follow-up, two of eight patients were continuing to take corticosteroids after 5 1/2 and 8 years. Five patients have been able to discontinue corticosteroid treatment after an average of 4 years, and one patient never required corticosteroids. Chronic eosinophilic pneumonia is added to previous classifications of pulmonary infiltrate with eosinophilia.
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PMID:Chronic eosinophilic pneumonia (Carrington's): a follow-up study. 62 61

We determined the prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis infection in 30 consecutive hospitalized infants less than six months of age with pneumonitis and in 28 matched controls (nine of 30 vs. one of 28. P less than 0.05). In comparing 16 cases of pneumonitis due to C. trachomatis with 27 not due to that agent, we found several distinguishing clinical and laboratory features: C. trachomatis was highly correlated with radiographic hyperinflation, prolonged cough and congestion, greater than or equal to 400 eosinophils per cubic millimeter and serum lgG greater than or equal to 500 and lgM greater than or equal to 110 mg per deciliter. C. trachomatis was responsible for 13 of 21 cases seen at three to 11 weeks vs. three of 22 seen at other ages. Antibody to C. trachomatis in tears (13 of 14 vs. two of 27), nasopharynx (12 of 14 vs. one of 27) and blood (16 of 16 vs. two of 23) was specific for C. trachomatis pneumonitis. C. trachomatis is prevalent among hospitalized infants with pneumonitis. Conjunctival infection precedes C. trachomatis pneumonitis more commonly than has previously been thought.
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PMID:Chlamydia trachomatis infant pneumonitis: comparison with matched controls and other infant pneumonitis. 62 97

Twenty-four cases of Legionnaires' disease were diagnosed at the Wadsworth Veterans Administration Hospital during a 5-month period. All cases occurred in persons exposed to the hospital environment during the usual incubation period of Legionnaires' disease. The clinical illness was quite characteristic. All patients complained of weakness, malaise, anorexia, and cough. Rigors, diarrhea, and pleuritic pain were frequent symptoms. All patients had a maximum temperature of greater than or equal to 39.4 degrees C. Thirteen of 22 patients had relative bradycardia. Chest roentgenograms documented pneumonia in all patients. Leukocytosis, hyponatremia, hypophosphatemia, and abnormal liver-function test results were typical. Diagnosis was made by serologic criteria in 20 patients, postmortem examination of tissue in two, and both serology and tissue examination in two. Four patients in whom the disease was not suspected died of Legionnaires' disease. One patient died of unrelated causes. Fifteen of 19 survivors received erythromycin therapy. The presentation of Legionnaires' disease was characteristic enough to allow early, specific therapy.
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PMID:Legionnaires' disease: clinical features of 24 cases. 68 39

Six collie dogs, eight weeks old, were inoculated intramuscularly with an aluminium hydroxide adjuvanted preparation of killed Bordetella bronchiseptica; the inoculation was repeated after two weeks. Two weeks after the second inoculation, the vaccinated dogs and a comparable group of six unvaccinated animals were challenged by exposure to an aerosol of pathogenic B bronchiseptica. All six unvaccinated control dogs developed respiratory disease characterised by persistent coughing. In contrast, four of the vaccinated dogs remained free from clinical respiratory disease while, in the other two dogs, disease was less severe and of shorter duration than in controls. At necropsy, there were only slight changes in the lungs of vaccinated dogs but in controls there was a severe tracheobronchitis with areas of exudative pneumonia. Bacteriological examination showed a marked reduction in the numbers of B bronchiseptica isolated from the respiratory tract of vaccinated animals compared with controls. An aluminium hydroxide adjuvant vaccine may be of value in controlling naturally occurring respiratory disease in dogs in which B bronchiseptica is involved.
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PMID:Vaccination against canine bordetellosis using an aluminum hydroxide adjuvant vaccine. 70 49

In two cases of pneumonia associated with Chlamydia trachomatis in infants the symptoms began in the second week of life and the illness was severest at 4 weeks of age. Both infants were afebrile. One had a history of conjunctivitis. Both presented with a characteristic staccato cough and tachypnea but little evidence of peripheral airway obstruction. Chest roentgenograms showed interstitial and alveolar pulmonary infiltration in hyperexpanded lungs. The serum IgM concentrations were markedly elevated. C. trachomatis was cultured from specimens from both infants and one mother, and titres of antibody to the organism were substantially elevated in one infant and one mother.
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PMID:Chlamydia trachomatis and pneumonia in infants: report of two cases. 74 59

Pulmonary nocardiosis was diagnosed in an adult male orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus) being maintained in an outdoor facility. Periodically, the orangutan had had clinical signs of an upper respiratory tract infection, as evidenced by slight nasal discharge and cough. At the terminal stage, the orangutan had acute respiratory embarrassment, with epistaxis, and died before diagnosis could be made and treatment initiated. Gross necropsy findings included fibrosis of the pulmonary parenchyma as well as evidence of air sac infection, extensive pneumonia, and extensive chronic pleuritis. Microscopically, some of the lung sections had alveoli filled with polymorphonuclear cells, with other sections being diffusely fibrotic; the areas of fibrosis contained interspersed foci of polymorphonuclear cell infiltration. Many of the latter areas contained organism colonized in the form of granules that resembled those seen in actinomycosis. These organisms were gram-positive and branched, and measured close to 1 mum in diameter. Nocardia asteroides was isolated from the pulmonary tissue.
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PMID:Pulmonary nocardiosis in an orangutan. 78 15


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