Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0010200 (cough)
 23,843 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Although most pharyngitis are caused by viruses, up to 75% of patients visiting for a sore throat receive an antibiotic. As the performance of clinical features is poor a throat swab may help to differentiate a pharyngitis caused by a Group A beta3-hemolytic Streptococcus (GABHS) from other causes. A recent study tested and validated a new strategy combining a rapid test detecting GABHS and a clinical score with 2 or more of the four criteria (fever more than 38 degrees, tender cervical nodes, no cough and tonsillar exsudate). This strategy is cost-effective and limits antibiotic prescription to patients with GABHS. If the score is below two, a symptomatic treatment without antibiotic is recommended.
 ...
PMID:[Diagnosis and management of pharyngitis]. 1731 99

Australia has 4 rickettsial diseases: murine typhus, Queensland tick typhus, Flinders Island spotted fever, and scrub typhus. We describe 7 cases of a rickettsiosis with an acute onset and symptoms of fever (100%), headache (71%), arthralgia (43%), myalgia (43%), cough (43%), maculopapular/petechial rash (43%), nausea (29%), pharyngitis (29%), lymphadenopathy (29%), and eschar (29%). Cases were most prevalent in autumn and from eastern Australia, including Queensland, Tasmania, and South Australia. One patient had a history of tick bite (Haemaphysalis novaeguineae). An isolate shared 99.2%, 99.8%, 99.8%, 99.9%, and 100% homology with the 17 kDa, ompA, gltA, 16S rRNA, and Sca4 genes, respectively, of Rickettsia honei. This Australian rickettsiosis has similar symptoms to Flinders Island spotted fever, and the strain is genetically related to R. honei. It has been designated the "marmionii" strain of R. honei, in honor of Australian physician and scientist Barrie Marmion.
 ...
PMID:Flinders Island spotted fever rickettsioses caused by "marmionii" strain of Rickettsia honei, Eastern Australia. 1755 71

The aim of this study is to assess the impact of some selected bacteriological factors on the occurrence of subglottic laryngitis in children. The research covered 72 children hospitalized in the Children's Hospital in Warsaw with the following symptoms: dry barking cough, stridor, inspiratory dyspnoea with the participation of auxiliary respiratory muscles, agitation and change of colour of skin. Subglottic laryngitis is one of the acute children's diseases, directly caused by a violently growing odema of the subglottic area. The disease constitutes 5-8% of all severe airways inflammations and states that subglottic laryngitis is responsible for 6.5% off all lower airways inflammation cases. Based on preliminary examinations, the patients were divided into two groups--one of them composed of 41 patients with simultaneous atopy, the other--of 31 patients with no atopy symptoms. The examination of each patient included subjective, objective (pediatric and laryngological) and auxiliary (primary-blood cell count, OB and specialized-bacteriological tests) examinations. Own research showed that out of 72 patients with subglottic laryngitis 56.95% had bacterial symptoms. 90.32% in non atopic group have higher NBT test, in atopic children it was 39.02%. We observed that 50.51% of the patients suffering from subglottic laryngitis had an inflammation of upper airways (otitis media, rhinitis, pharyngitis) and 13.89% of lower respiratory tract (bronchitis, pneumonitis). Many authors incline to say that bacteria may be a conductive factor for subglottic laryngitis to develop. However, many factors seem to suggest that the occurrence and symptoms of subglottic laryngitis are primarily caused by the reaction to an infection. The impact of bacteria onto the etiopathogenesis of subglottic laryngitis has been discussed for many years. Some experts are of the opinion that the disease develops on the bacteriologic background.
 ...
PMID:[The role of the bacterial inflammation in subglottic laryngitis in children]. 1787 17

Mycoplasma pneumoniae is a common cause of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in children, but there has been no clinical report on M. pneumoniae infections in Vietnamese children. We investigated the clinical features of M. pneumoniae infection when the pathogen was detected in the respiratory tract in hospitalized children aged 1-15 years due to lower respiratory tract infections or CAP in Vietnamese children. Throat swabs from 47 patients (18.6%) of 252 patients with a clinical diagnosis of CAP were PCR positive (male, 34; female, 13), and 21 throat swabs (8.3%) showed culture positive for M. pneumoniae. The M. pneumoniae pathogen could be detected by PCR and/or culture in 52 patients (male, 36; female, 16). The major clinical signs in the 52 patients were fever (>38 degrees C) in 100%, pharyngitis in 100%, tachypnea in 94%, dry cough in 86.5%, and rough breathing in 83% of patients. The average term of illness prior to hospitalization was 7.5+/-4.1 days, and the average number of hospitalized days was 7.9+/-3.5 days. Beta-lactam group antibiotics, which were ineffective against M. pneumoniae infection, were used in 37 cases (71%).
 ...
PMID:First report on clinical features of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections in Vietnamese children. 1803 37

The impact of sustained inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) therapy on the larynx and pharynx was assessed using a prospective, cross-sectional, and investigator-blinded study conducted at the University Hospital Aintree, Liverpool, UK. Forty-six adults recruited from two local general practices and from general ENT clinics at our University hospital were investigated for the study. Patients were allocated to three groups according to ICS use. Laryngeal effects were measured by correlating the results of a vocal performance questionnaire, a respiratory symptom questionnaire, and measurements obtained by computerized speech analysis. Sustained vowels and connected speech were analyzed in normal and asthmatic subjects. Acoustic analysis was correlated with cellular markers of inflammation after biopsy. Regular ICS users had significantly more pharyngeal inflammation and throat discomfort (P<0.0001). Vocal performance was also worse in this group (P<0.0001). They were more likely to have hoarseness, weakness of voice, aphonia, sore throat, throat irritation, and cough (P<0.0001). All these variables were directly related to one another (P<0.0001). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that jitter was a good objective measure of hoarseness (P<0.05). Regular ICS users were significantly more likely to have abnormal jitter, shimmer, and closed-phase quotient scores (P<0.0001). There was no difference between the groups in the observed parameters of inflammation (P>0.01). A higher pharyngitis score did not correlate with any of the histological markers of inflammation (P>0.01). Local side effects are more common in asthmatics that use ICS regularly. Measures of laryngeal function are significantly worse in regular ICS users. However, histological markers and oropharyngeal redness are not reliable measures of inflammation.
 ...
PMID:Acoustic analysis in asthmatics and the influence of inhaled corticosteroid therapy. 1834 71

In the present study, to elucidate an outbreak of measles in Saitama City, Japan, we analyzed the data for all notified subjects with measles. According to an active surveillance program, a total of 464 subjects were notified in 2007. The clinical criteria for the diagnosis of measles were defined as at least 3 days of a generalized maculopapular rash; a fever of 38.0 degrees C or more; and cough, mucus, or pharyngitis. Two peaks according to age group were recognized: namely, children less than 2 years of age and adolescents from 15 to 19 years of age. The latter peak was associated with the period of time when the measles-mumps-rubella vaccine had become a social problem (40.9% of vaccinees and 41.6% of non-vaccinees in this group). Japan is said to be a developing country regarding its measles vaccination strategy. In addition, no national program against measles has yet been established. Continuous efforts to increase immunization coverage are needed to interrupt indigenous measles transmission. The Japanese Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare should therefore plan and implement a nationwide program to eliminate measles in Japan.
 ...
PMID:An outbreak of measles in Saitama City in 2007. What is the vaccination strategy to eliminate measles in Japan? 1870 32

The main goal in the evaluation of adults with sore throat is identifying those likely to have group A b-hemolytic streptococci (GABHS), or "streptococcal pharyngitis." Adults should be assessed for 1) fever, 2) absence of cough, 3) tender anterior cervical lymphadenopathy, and 4) tonsillar swelling or exudate. A strategy that results in about 40% of adults getting a streptococcal test and fewer than 20% getting antibiotics is detailed.
 ...
PMID:Evaluation and management of adult pharyngitis. 1913 63

Common signs and symptoms of streptococcal pharyngitis include sore throat, temperature greater than 100.4 degrees F (38 degrees C), tonsillar exudates, and cervical adenopathy. Cough, coryza, and diarrhea are more common with viral pharyngitis. Available diagnostic tests include throat culture and rapid antigen detection testing. Throat culture is considered the diagnostic standard, although the sensitivity and specificity of rapid antigen detection testing have improved significantly. The modified Centor score can be used to help physicians decide which patients need no testing, throat culture/rapid antigen detection testing, or empiric antibiotic therapy. Penicillin (10 days of oral therapy or one injection of intramuscular benzathine penicillin) is the treatment of choice because of cost, narrow spectrum of activity, and effectiveness. Amoxicillin is equally effective and more palatable. Erythromycin and first-generation cephalosporins are options in patients with penicillin allergy. Increased group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus (GABHS) treatment failure with penicillin has been reported. Although current guidelines recommend first-generation cephalosporins for persons with penicillin allergy, some advocate the use of cephalosporins in all nonallergic patients because of better GABHS eradication and effectiveness against chronic GABHS carriage. Chronic GABHS colonization is common despite appropriate use of antibiotic therapy. Chronic carriers are at low risk of transmitting disease or developing invasive GABHS infections, and there is generally no need to treat carriers. Whether tonsillectomy or adenoidectomy decreases the incidence of GABHS pharyngitis is poorly understood. At this time, the benefits are too small to outweigh the associated costs and surgical risks.
 ...
PMID:Diagnosis and treatment of streptococcal pharyngitis. 2052 48

A case of eosinophilic pneumonia due to Nicolase (serrapeptase) after recovery from acute eosinophilic pneumonia is described. A 32-year-old woman was previously admitted to another hospital because of acute onset of dyspnea accompanied by cough and fever. Chest X-ray films revealed diffuse infiltration in both lungs two days after her symptoms occurred. Her bronchoalveolar lavage fluid showed 13% eosinophils and transbronchial lung biopsy specimen also showed many eosinophils infiltrating in the lesions of the bronchial submucosa and alveolar septa. No infectious causes or related drugs were found. Acute eosinophilic pneumonia was diagnosed, and her condition improved gradually without steroid treatment. Because she recovered clinically and radiologically, she was discharged from hospital. Half a month later she was treated with Nicolase because of pharyngitis. She was admitted to the hospital again because of dyspnea, cough and fever three days after commencing to take Nicolase. Chest X-ray films also revealed diffuse infiltration in both lungs with pleural effusion, and her bronchoalveolar lavage fluid showed 37% eosinophils. When the drug lymphocyte stimulation test was performed, it was positive for Nicolase. Therefore drug-induced eosinophilic pneumonia was diagnosed. This is a very rare case of Nicolase (serrapeptase)-induced eosinophilic pneumonia after recovering from acute eosinophilic pneumonia.
 ...
PMID:[A case of eosinophilic pneumonia due to Nicolase (serrapeptase) after recovery from acute eosinophilic pneumonia]. 1934 76

The main goal of the paper was to assess the pattern of risk factors having an impact on the onset of early wheezing phenotypes in the birth cohort of 468 two-year olds and to investigate the severity of respiratory illness in the two-year olds in relation to both wheezing phenotypes, environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) and personal PM(2.5) exposure over pregnancy period (fine particulate matter). The secondary goal of the paper was to assess possible association of early persistent wheezing with the length of the baby at birth. Pregnant women were recruited from ambulatory prenatal clinics in the first and second trimester of pregnancy. Only women 18-35 years of age, who claimed to be non-smokers, with singleton pregnancies, without illicit drug use and HIV infection, free from chronic diseases were eligible for the study. In the statistical analysis of respiratory health of children multinomial logistic regression and zero-inflated Poisson regression models were used. Approximately one third of the children in the study sample experienced wheezing in the first 2 years of life and in about two third of cases (67%) the symptom developed already in the first year of life. The early wheezing was easily reversible and in about 70% of infants with wheezing the symptom receded in the second year of life. The adjusted relative risk ratio (RRR) of persistent wheezing increased with maternal atopy (RRR=3.05; 95%CI: 1.30-7.15), older siblings (RRR=3.05; 95%CI: 1.67-5.58) and prenatal ETS exposure (RRR=1.13; 95%CI: 1.04-1.23), but was inversely associated with the length of baby at birth (RRR=0.88; 95%CI: 0.76-1.01). The adjusted incidence risk ratios (IRR) of coughing, difficult breathing, runny/stuffy nose and pharyngitis/tonsillitis in wheezers were much higher than that observed among non-wheezers and significantly depended on prenatal PM(2.5) exposure, older siblings and maternal atopy. The study shows a clear inverse association between maternal age or maternal education and respiratory illnesses and calls for more research efforts aiming at the explanation of factors hidden behind proxy measures of quality of maternal care of babies. The data support the hypothesis that burden of respiratory symptoms in early childhood and possibly in later life may be programmed already in prenatal period when the respiratory system is completing its growth and maturation.
 ...
PMID:Early wheezing phenotypes and severity of respiratory illness in very early childhood: study on intrauterine exposure to fine particle matter. 1939 97


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>