Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0010200 (cough)
 23,843 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The common cold is caused by more than 100 virus types. However, the clinical manifestation is always similar with rhinorrhea, stuffiness, sneezing, pharyngitis, laryngitis and cough. The local inflammatory reactions are not due to the presence of virus but caused by locally produced inflammatory mediators. Bacterial superinfections may cause otitis or sinusitis. Bacterial nasopharyngitis has been described in children. This entity possibly exists also in adults. Traditional viral cultures are rarely positive and are not recommended in the daily routine. In children, antigen detection for adenovirus, respiratory syncytial virus, parainfluenza and influenza virus are recommended to confirm the viral etiology or for epidemiological surveillance. The presence of group-A streptococci must be proven by culture or antigen detection before treatment with penicillin. Antiviral treatment is limited to interferon or ribavirin. New antiviral substances are in development. Today, treatment of common cold is limited to symptomatic measures, and antibiotic treatment is not justified.
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PMID:[Common cold: diagnostic steps? Antibiotics?]. 161 53

Each year in France, 42,000 children receive spa therapy, which is covered by the national health care insurance system. In over three cases out of four, the treatment is ordered by the child's physician for respiratory tract disease which fails to respond adequately to conventional therapy. Asthma, recurrent bronchitis, and spasmodic cough are the main indications in pneumo-allergology; seromucous otitis media, naso-sinusitis and refractory pharyngitis are the most common pediatric ENT diseases treated in spa centers. The two main types of mineral water used are sulfur-rich waters in patients with prominent infection and chloride and bicarbonate-rich waters when allergy is the main problem. Experimental studies point to the fact that these waters have immunomodulating effects. However, other therapeutic interventions in spa centers, including rehabilitation and health education, also play a role. Evaluations of spa therapy for respiratory tract diseases carried out by government agencies have demonstrated decreases in school absenteeism and above all in the use of drugs in treated patients. The future of pediatric spa therapy will likely depend on the development of preventive interventions in spa centers.
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PMID:[Spa treatment in pediatric pneumo-allergology and ENT]. 161 45

An outbreak of severe haemorrhagic illness began in the municipality of Guanarito, Portuguesa State, Venezuela, in September, 1989. Subsequent detailed study of 15 cases confirmed the presence of a new viral disease, designated Venezuelan haemorrhagic fever. Characteristic features are fever, toxicity, headache, arthralgia, diarrhoea, conjunctivitis, pharyngitis, leucopenia, thrombocytopenia, and haemorrhagic manifestations. Other features include facial oedema, cervical lymphadenopathy, nausea/vomiting, cough, chest or abdominal pain, and convulsions. The patients ranged in age from 6 to 54 years; all were residents of rural areas in central Venezuela, and 9 died. Infection with Guanarito virus, a newly recognised arenavirus, was shown by direct culture or by serological confirmation in all cases. Epidemiological studies suggest that the disease is endemic in some rural areas of central Venezuela and that it is rodent-borne. Venezuelan haemorrhagic fever has many similarities to Lassa fever and to the arenavirus haemorrhagic fevers that occur in Argentina and Bolivia.
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PMID:Venezuelan haemorrhagic fever. 168 54

A newly recognized chlamydial species, Chlamydia pneumoniae causes acute respiratory infections including pneumonia, bronchitis and pharyngitis. In this paper, eight cases of bronchitis and tonsillitis associated with C. pneumoniae are presented. Three cases came to the clinic because of persistent cough and productive sputum. C. pneumoniae was isolated from sputum of a patient and cultured in HeLa 229 cells. Other two patients were diagnosed serologically; Antibodies were measured by microimmunofluorescence using formalized elementary bodies of C. pneumoniae. A titer of 512 in the IgG class was detected. Four patients had sore throat. C. pneumoniae was isolated and cultured from tonsillar swabs in all of them. A patient with sore throat and cough diagnosed as pharyngolaryngitis was sero-positive. Antibodies to C. pneumoniae in IgG and IgM class were 128 and 32, respectively. All the patients were treated with macrolide antibiotics (erythromycin and rokitamycin), and clinical symptoms subsided. In five patients from whom the organism was isolated, the agents were eradicated by the treatment. However, clinical courses of those patients revealed that patient takes a long time to recover from the illness, if diagnosis and first choice of antimicrobial agent are not appropriate.
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PMID:[Respiratory tract diseases due to Chlamydia pneumoniae]. 204 Sep 12

The pattern of illness in 60 consecutive children with homozygous sickle cell disease who attended the Paediatric Emergency Room of a busy Lagos hospital with acute illness was studied prospectively. Their ages ranged from 3 months to 13 years with a peak in the 2nd year. There were twice as many boys as girls. The commonest symptoms were fever, limb or abdominal pain and cough, and the commonest signs were pallor and hepatomegaly. Painful crises occurred in 27, anaemic crises in 11, and a combination of these in 12 children. Infection was detected in 76% of subjects in crises. Infection was found in 82% of all the children and was mainly bacterial. The commonest infections were pneumonia (35%), bacteraemia (32%), tonsillitis/pharyngitis (17%) and osteomyelitis (8%). The predominant bacteria isolated were Klebsiella spp (38%), E. coli (23%), Staph. aureus (23%), Staph. albus (23%) and Pseudomonas spp (23%). Some children had multiple isolates. Bacterial infection was a major cause of morbidity in very young children and merits appropriate control and preventive measures in this age group. The spectrum of bacteria isolated makes it unlikely that the specific anti-pneumococcal measures widely advocated in Europe and America for young children with SCA would be appropriate in Nigeria.
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PMID:Acute illness in Nigerian children with sickle cell anaemia. 244 66

Forty-five acutely ill, coughing patients, three with acute dyspnea and cardiomegaly, and 37 control subjects were placed in lateral decubitus positions for auscultation of their dependent lungs to determine if this maneuver would elicit inspiratory crackles, signs of pneumonia. In the upright position, auscultation of the lungs was normal in all control subjects and in lateral decubitus positions their dependent lungs revealed transient late inspiratory crackles in seven of the 37 (18.9%), and transient inspiratory peeling sounds in two others (5.4%). Thirteen acutely ill, coughing patients, free of prior cardiac and pulmonary diseases, had persistent late inspiratory crackles induced in one or both dependent lungs when placed in lateral decubitus positions. These dependent lungs also revealed increased numbers of crackles in three patients, late inspiratory squeaks in four, and wheezes in three others. In the upright position, auscultation of the lungs was normal in 10 of these patients, and a few basilar crackles were heard in three others. All of these abnormal findings cleared after treatment with antibiotics. Thirty-one of 32 acutely ill, coughing patients with bronchitis, sinusitis, or pharyngitis were free of induced crackles in dependent lungs in lateral decubitus positions. However, placement of two other patients in these positions appeared to have elicited the inspiratory crackles of chronic pulmonary disease and early congestive heart failure. These observations suggest that placement of acutely ill, coughing patients into lateral decubitus positions for auscultation of the dependent lungs may be a valuable maneuver for diagnosis of pneumonia.
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PMID:Detection of pneumonia by auscultation of the lungs in the lateral decubitus positions. 280 64

Forty-two difficult-to-cultivate group A coxsackieviruses (i.e., group A types other than A7, A9, and A16), collected primarily from throat swab specimens of patients suffering from fever, pharyngitis, lymphadenopathy, and cough during the 1986 enterovirus season, were isolated in less than 24-h-old suckling mice. Thirty-six moribund mice were sacrificed and autopsied, and then their brains and back musculature were inoculated into rhabdomyosarcoma (RD), guinea pig embryo (GPE), rhesus monkey kidney (RhMk) and human carcinoma of the larynx (HEp-2) cell cultures. Twelve of the 36 suckling mice isolates were adapted to grow in RD and GPE cells after two passes and have been identified in RD cells by type-specific antisera as group A coxsackievirus types A2, A4, and A8. Three passes in RhMk or HEp-2 cell cultures were insufficient to affect a discernible cytopathic effect. Coxsackievirus types A1, A19, and A22, unable to grow in any of the four cell cultures tested, were identified by virus neutralization in suckling mice. These data denote the efficacy of suckling mice for the isolation of difficult-to-cultivate group A coxsackieviruses.
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PMID:Sensitivity of rhabdomyosarcoma and guinea pig embryo cell cultures to field isolates of difficult-to-cultivate group A coxsackieviruses. 284 70

Among 137 members of 30 families, 6% (and 8% of those aged under 15 years) were seropositive for toxocara antibodies. In these seropositive subjects and in 84 patients known to have raised toxocara titres the commonest clinical features were abdominal pain, hepatomegaly, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, lethargy, sleep and behaviour disturbances, pneumonia, cough, wheeze, pharyngitis, cervical adenitis, headache, limb pains, and fever. 61% of patients with raised toxocara titres had recurrent abdominal pain. Eosinophilia was in many cases associated with a raised toxocara titre, but 27% of patients with high titres had normal eosinophil counts. Toxocariasis is common, especially in children, and is associated with clinical features that are generally regarded as non-specific but together form a recognisable symptom complex. Toxocariasis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of such symptoms and especially in recurrent abdominal pain, which might otherwise be labelled as idiopathic. The absence of eosinophilia does not exclude toxocariasis.
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PMID:The expanded spectrum of toxocaral disease. 289 21

The role of histamine in the pathogenesis of infectious rhinitis is unclear, as is the efficacy of antihistaminic drugs in the treatment of the common cold. This study evaluated the short-term efficacy of oral terfenadine (Seldane) in the treatment of the common cold. Over a 5-week period, the authors recruited 250 adults who had developed cold symptoms within 6 to 48 hours prior to enrollment. Volunteers had a primary complaint of runny or stuffy nose; at least one other respiratory symptom; no fever or exudative pharyngitis; and no history of atopy, sinusitis, or use of cold preparations within 1 week of enrollment. Out of the eligible subjects, 126 were randomly assigned terfenadine (60 mg), and 124 received placebo. Volunteers self-administered either terfenadine or placebo twice a day on Days 1, 2 and 3, and a final dose on the morning of Day 4. They also recorded the severity of their clinical symptoms (runny nose, sniffles, sneezing, postnasal drip, cough and sore throat) on symptom cards. Both groups reported similar severity scores throughout the treatment period. Average symptom burdens declined at almost identical rates for both groups. Terfenadine was well tolerated and had a low incidence of side effects. According to subject evaluation, terfenadine was no more effective than placebo. The mean +/- SD score of global efficacy was 2.2 +/- 1.1 in the terfenadine group and 2.1 +/- 1.3 in the placebo group (P = NS). Slightly fewer terfenadine recipients (41%) than placebo recipients (48%) said they would use the study medication again for treating cold symptoms.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Ineffectiveness of oral terfenadine in natural colds: evidence against histamine as a mediator of common cold symptoms. 289 9

Mother, father (26 y.o.) and their only child (5 y.o.) developed nonproductive cough, fever (39.5 to 40.4 degrees C) and bilateral pulmonary infiltrates within three weeks. In addition the mother developed a small left pleural effusion and a pericardial effusion, a relative bradycardia, a pruritic vesicular exanthem of the extremities and the trunk, an erythema nodosum and arthritis of the tarsal joints. The father's coulter counter red blood count was distorted by microagglutination at room temperature (hemoglobin 13.2 gr/dl; erythrocytes 1,91 X 10(6) mm-3 and MCH 69.1 pg; MCV 120 fl and hematocrit 23.8%) but not at 37 degrees C (13.2; 4.15 and 31.8; 92 and 39.3, respectively). In the daughter myringitis, pharyngitis, cervical lymphadenopathy and splenomegaly were observed. Cold agglutinins and serologic evidence for mycoplasma pneumoniae infection were demonstrable in all three. Treatment with Tetracycline (parents) and Erythromycin (child) was effective.
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PMID:[Familial Mycoplasma pneumonia. The varied picture of pulmonary and extrapulmonary manifestations]. 311 25


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