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Query: UMLS:C0010200 (cough)
 23,843 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Intranasal and intraperitoneal exposure of English ferrets (Mustela putorius furo L) to infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus caused acute and chronic infections of the respiratory tract. The clinical syndrome was characterized by sneezing, coughing, and anorexia from postexposure days (PED) 3 to 7. Mucopurulent exudate was observed in the posterior nares and pharyngeal area of ferrets euthanatized on PED 4 and 8. The virus was readily recovered from the turbinates, respiratory tract epithelium of the pharynx, retropharyngeal lymph nodes, trachea, lungs, and spleen of animals euthanatized on PED 4, but only from the respiratory tract epithelium of the pharynx in ferrets euthanatized on PED 8 and 12. Results of histopathologic studies revealed an acute suppurative pharyngitis in animals euthanatized on PED 4 and 8. Recrudescence of chronic infection could be elicited by daily intraperitoneal injections of 4.0 mg of dexamethasone. However, daily administration of 2.0 mg of dexamethasone intraperitoneally did not cause more severe clinical disease. Results of serologic studies revealed serum antibody profiles comparable with those expected in experimentally exposed cattle.
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PMID:Experimental infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus infections of English ferrets (Mustela putorius furo L). 21 85

During the last 12 years, 30 cases of tracheopathia chondro-osteoplastica have been diagnosed at the Department of Otolaryngology of Kuopio University. Ten of these were accidentally revealed by bronchoscopy, 2 by autopsy, but 18 were revealed through a systematic examination. Ten of these 18 were preliminarily diagnosed by indirect laryngoscopy. The average age for women was 51 and for men 42, the youngest patient being 11 and the oldest 71 years of age. The characteristic symptoms were long-term recurrent cough, hoarseness and periodic expectoration. The sputum was frequently abundant and crusty, and sometimes contained streaks of blood. Shortness of breath was a common symptom, but there were often entirely asymptomatic periods. The disease begins with a persistent purulent tracheitis, which, probably owing to calciphylaxis, causes accumulation of calcium salts in the tracheal mucosa. Cartilage and bone later develop around these accumulations. In most of the cases of tracheopathia chondro-osteoplastica in the present series, the condition was associated with atrophic rhinitis or pharyngitis. As the nasal disease improves, some regression may occur, though hardly healing. Calcium and phosphorus metabolism was not disturbed, and no immunological aberrations were found in any of the patients in this series.
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PMID:Tracheopathia chondro-osteoplastica. A clinical study of thirty cases. 40 93

Mycoplasmal pneumonia, tularemic pneumonia, Q fever pneumonia, psittacosis, and Legionnaires' disease are the most frequently encountered treatable atypical pneumonias. Mycoplasmal pneumonia, the most common, is often accompanied by nonexudative pharyngitis, conjunctivitis, or otitis. The nonproductive cough is characteristic. Tularemic pneumonia is characterized by substernal chest pain, bloody pleural effusion, and bilateral hilar adenopathy. Although the clinical presentation is mild, roentgenographic findings are impressive. Q fever pneumonia resembles psittacosis but is less serious; it may be accompanied by subacute bacterial endocarditis, hepatitis, or both. Psittacosis is characterized by prominent headache, bloody sputum, and relative bradycardia. Tetracycline is the drug of choice for either. In Legionnaires' disease, pneumonia is accompanied by prominent extrapulmonary symptoms. The most important diagnostic clues include diarrhea and mental confusion. Relative bradycardia and laboratory abnormalities are also helpful. Erythromycin is the drug of choice unless doubt exists as to the diagnosis.
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PMID:The atypical pneumonias: a diagnostic and therapeutic approach. 47 55

The clinical aspects of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection in 103 children under 12 years admitted to hospital over an eight-year period were reviewed retrospectively. Respiratory illnesses occurred in 87 (85%) cases. The prevalence of lower respiratory tract involvement was similar in both pre-school and school children. Cough was the commonest symptom at all ages. Coryzal symptoms and wheeze were common in pre-school children. Most infants had signs of pharyngitis or otitis media. Non-specific symptoms--fever, lethargy, malaise, anorexia and vomiting--were common accompaniments in children older than one year of age. Non-respiratory illnesses in 16 (15%) patients included gastroenteritis, convulsions, non-specific skin rashes and limb pains. The duration of stay in hospital ranged from two to 30 days (median five days) with apparent clinical recovery and resolution of chest X-ray abnormalities within three months in 78 (76%) patients seen for review.
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PMID:Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection. A retrospective review of 103 hospitalised children. 53 6

In a controlled clinical trial Frubienzym (throat lozenges with 5 mg lysozyme, 2 mg papaine and 200 I.U. bacitracin) or placebo have been given to 100 patients with pharyngitis and/or tonsillitis for 4 days. Under treatment with Frubienzym reddening, swelling, matter and mucus in the throat, coughing, swelling and pain of lymphatic ganglions and pain of swallowing vanished more quickly than under placebo. The differences were significant (p less than 0,05, p less than 0,001 or even p less than 0,001; U-test of Wilcoxon, Man and Whitney). There were no side effects which could be attributed to Frubienzym.
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PMID:[Clinical studies on Frubienzyme in a controlled double-blind trial]. 78 19

The authors discuss the problem of the diagnosis of sinusitis in children from the viewpoint of the practising paediatrician, on the basis of 106 children and adolescents aged between 6 and 17 years, and suffering from sinusitis. Maxillary sinusitis (56.5%) and a combination of maxillary and ethmoidal sinusitis (24.5%) were commonest, and pan-sinusitis occurred in about 10% of cases. The commonest complaints in the history were cough, headache, pyrexia and rhinitis. The commonest clinical findings were pharyngitis, retropharyngeal drip, tenderness to pressure over the sinus points, otitis media, a deterioration in the general condition, enlarged tender angular lymph nodes, bronchitis and rhinitis. The result of treatment of sinusitis in childhood with the antibiotic used here, doxycycline, are assessed. A successful result was obtained in 94.3% of cases; cure in 77 patients (72.6%) and marked improvement in 23 (21.7%). There were six failures (5.7%). In the majority of children - 72 cases (68%), the duration of treatment was 15-21 days. It was 10-14 days in 18 children (17%) and more than 3 weeks in 16 children (15%). Rapid subjective improvement was seen in 65 cases (61.3%), and rapid objective improvement in 80 (75.5%). The tolerance of doxycycline was very good in nearly all patients. Mild symptoms of gastrointestinal intolerance were seen in two cases.
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PMID:Sinusitis in paediatrics. 83 May 15

In the winter of 1972-1973 a multicentre trial of the treatment of upper and lower respiratory tract infections was carried out in Spain using doxycycline. 85 physicians participated in the study and treated 1,653 patients. The infections included acute bronchitis, acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis, pneumonia, bronchopneumonia, tonsillitis, pharyngitis, trachetis, sinusitis, and otitis media. The majority of the patients were adult out-patients although some children and adolescents were included: 1,011 of the patients were male and 642 female. A number of the signs of respiratory infection such as temperature, cough, pain and inflammatory symptoms were examined. A rapid reduction in intensity and severity was noted in all of these parameters. Tolerance to the antibiotic was excellent. Only minor side-effects were reported and these were mild and mainly limited to the gastro-intestinal tract - in no case was treatment discontinued. The total number of side-effects was 37; they occurred in 31 out of the 1,653 patients. The overall evaluation of results showed a very good or good response in 85% of the patients. It appears from this multicentre study that the efficacy of doxycycline has in no way decreased over the 7 years of its extensive use in Spain. It remains a fast acting and effective antibiotic in upper and lower respiratory tract infections irrespective of age, sex or diagnosis.
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PMID:Doxycycline in respiratory tract infections. Report of a retrospective study in Spain during the winter 1972-1973. 109 76

We have evaluated the properties of capsaicin as a selective cough-inducing agent in healthy human subjects. Despite frequent coughing, the subjects could inhale repeated breaths of capsaicin aerosol during 60 s without difficulty. Cough started immediately on inhalation and was most intense during the first 30 s. Cough always disappeared promptly when the capsaicin inhalation was terminated. The cough response was well reproducible and concentration-dependent up to 10 microM; at higher concentrations there was a distinct plateau of the cough response. Specific airway conductance was not changed 3 min after 50 microM capsaicin. Capsaicin (> or = 10 microM) had a burning taste, but there were no visual signs of pharyngitis or laryngitis. Citric acid (nebulized solutions 0.125 to 32%) had a choking effect and could be administered only as single breaths. There was no correlation between the cough response to citric acid and to capsaicin. Inhaled lidocaine (20 and 80 mg from nebulized solutions) caused a dose-dependent inhibition of capsaicin-induced cough. Lidocaine suppressed citric acid-induced cough as effectively as capsaicin-induced cough. In conclusion, we have characterized capsaicin-induced cough and demonstrated that it can be a useful tool in the study of cough reactivity and for evaluation of antitussive agents in humans. Capsaicin may be complementary to citric acid and may offer experimental advantages over this traditional tussive stimulus.
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PMID:Capsaicin-induced cough in humans. 148 23

Respiratory disorders are common in children. Upper respiratory infection is particularly common in children who receive day care or group care. Frequently used methods of treating the common cold (eg, heated vapor, over-the-counter antihistamines and decongestants) have not been proven objectively to be beneficial in young children. Sinusitis is usually diagnosed through history taking (eg, complaints of more than 9 days of non-improving nasal congestion and/or cough), but radiographs may be necessary. Antibiotics effective against specific causative agents are the treatment of choice. Data do not support routine use of myringotomy to treat acute otitis media, but combined with tube placement, this method is useful for recurrent infection. Antibiotic prophylaxis may help prevent recurrent episodes of acute otitis media. Before tonsillectomy is considered for pharyngitis, a history of recurrent episodes must be documented. Epiglottitis, although increasingly rare, should still be considered when certain specific clinical signs are present.
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PMID:Respiratory infections in children. What helps and what doesn't? 149 81

On July 19, 1991, the Communicable Disease Section of the North Carolina Department of Environment, Health, and Natural Resources (DEHNR) was notified that an outbreak of acute upper respiratory illness had occurred in campers and counselors at a 4-week summer camp. Manifestations of the illness included pharyngitis, cough, fever to 104 F (40 C), headache, myalgia, malaise, and conjunctivitis. On August 2, the DEHNR was notified of a similar outbreak during a second 4-week session at the camp. The epidemiologic investigation, initiated by the DEHNR on August 7, identified the cause as pharyngoconjunctival fever (PCF) associated with infection with adenovirus type 3. This report summarizes findings from the investigation.
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PMID:Outbreak of pharyngoconjunctival fever at a summer camp--North Carolina, 1991. 157 28


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