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Query: UMLS:C0010200 (cough)
 23,843 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Before the development of echocardiography, cardiac disease in the horse was diagnosed if a loud heart murmur (grade III-IV/VI or louder) and clinical signs of congestive heart failure (coughing, edema, venous distention, jugular pulsations) were detected on physical examination. Arrhythmias that persisted during and after exercise also indicated cardiac disease, which could be characterized electrocardiographically. Electrocardiography, thoracic radiography, angiography, cardiac catheterization, and oximetry could add only small pieces of information about the heart. M-mode echocardiography provided the first "window" with which to evaluate the heart and its intracardiac structures, albeit an ice-pick one-dimensional view. With M-mode echocardiography, the diameter of the aorta at the valves, the left ventricle, right ventricle, and left atrial appendage, as well as the thickness of the interventricular septum and left ventricular free wall, could be measured. Motion and thickness of the tricuspid, mitral, and aortic valves could be assessed, but only in a one-dimensional plane. Two-dimensional echocardiography provided an added dimension, resulting in visualization of all the intracardiac structures, aorta, and pulmonary artery. Two-dimensional echocardiography became the diagnostic technique of choice for the evaluation and characterization of congenital cardiac disease in critically ill neonates, as well as in adult horses. Two-dimensional echocardiography also improved the ability to diagnose valvular regurgitations, characterize valvular lesions (bacterial endocarditis, ruptured chorda tendineae), myocardial function (segmental wall motion abnormalities), atrial size, mass lesions (endocarditis, neoplasia, and thrombi), and pericardial effusion. Information about blood flow was obtained using contrast echocardiography but was limited to certain cardiac abnormalities (congenital cardiac defects and tricuspid regurgitation). This information about blood flow was limited to the detection of positive or negative contrast jets. Comprehensive information about blood flow was lacking until the application of Doppler echocardiography to equine cardiology. Pulsed-wave and color flow Doppler echocardiography resulted in precise localization of the abnormal blood flow and semiquantitation of the shunt flow or regurgitant jet. Color flow Doppler echocardiography sped up the localization and semiquantitation of the jet in many instances and provided some information about blood flow velocity in the enhanced and variance modes. The peak velocity of jets can be determined using continuous-wave Doppler echocardiography. This value then can be used to estimate pressure difference between cardiac chambers or to calculate cardiac output noninvasively if angles parallel to flow can be obtained. Thus, information about cardiac size, function, and blood flow can be combined to diagnose cardiac disease in horses and to formulate a prognosis for life and performance.
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PMID:Advances in echocardiography. 193 72

A case of tuberculous pericarditis successfully managed with medical treatment alone was reported. A 78-year-old male was admitted because of cough, dyspnea and fever. Chest X-P and echocardiogram revealed massive pericardial effusion. His clinical symptoms and signs suggested cardiac tamponade. Mycobacterium tuberculosis was detected from pericardial fluid. ADA activity in pericardial fluid was high. Thoracic CT scan showed tracheobronchial, pretracheal, paratracheal and superior mediastinal lymph-node swelling. The diagnosis of tuberculous pericarditis was confirmed. Anti-tuberculous therapy consisting of INH, RFP, EB in combination with prednisolone was started. One month later pericardial effusion was controlled and six months later he was in good clinical condition without surgical treatment.
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PMID:[A case of tuberculous pericarditis]. 231 58

Mother, father (26 y.o.) and their only child (5 y.o.) developed nonproductive cough, fever (39.5 to 40.4 degrees C) and bilateral pulmonary infiltrates within three weeks. In addition the mother developed a small left pleural effusion and a pericardial effusion, a relative bradycardia, a pruritic vesicular exanthem of the extremities and the trunk, an erythema nodosum and arthritis of the tarsal joints. The father's coulter counter red blood count was distorted by microagglutination at room temperature (hemoglobin 13.2 gr/dl; erythrocytes 1,91 X 10(6) mm-3 and MCH 69.1 pg; MCV 120 fl and hematocrit 23.8%) but not at 37 degrees C (13.2; 4.15 and 31.8; 92 and 39.3, respectively). In the daughter myringitis, pharyngitis, cervical lymphadenopathy and splenomegaly were observed. Cold agglutinins and serologic evidence for mycoplasma pneumoniae infection were demonstrable in all three. Treatment with Tetracycline (parents) and Erythromycin (child) was effective.
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PMID:[Familial Mycoplasma pneumonia. The varied picture of pulmonary and extrapulmonary manifestations]. 311 25

In a patient with cancer, a diagnosis of cardiac tamponade should be considered when there is dyspnea, cough, thready pulse or pulsus paradoxus, low systolic blood pressure, engorged neck veins, an enlarged cardiac silhouette, and total or ventricular electrical alternans. Immediate pericardiocentesis is indicated in such patients to avoid the risk of sudden death. A pericardial window should be created for more prolonged palliation of cardiac tamponade. Cytologic examination of the pericardial fluid often reveals malignant or highly suspect cells. Metastatic carcinomas from the lung and breast are the most common tumors that involve the heart when they spread in a retrograde fashion through the cardiac lymphatic system. Total pericardiectomy for the treatment of cardiac tamponade that is due to cancer is not generally advisable. Radiation therapy in the cardiac area with or without systemic chemotherapy is effective in decreasing the amount and the recurrence of neoplastic pericardial effusion.
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PMID:Adenocarcinoma of the lung presenting with pericardial tamponade: report of a case and review of the literature. 384 8

A pericardial effusion was diagnosed by echocardiography in a 49 year old man who suffered acute cough, orthopnea, and chest pain. Because of a positive tuberculin skin test, mycobacteria were initially suspected as the cause of the pericarditis. The patient was therefore treated with antituberculosis drugs. The pericardial effusion failed to resolve, however, and pericardiectomy was performed. Culture of the pericardial fluid yielded pure Fusobacterium nucleatum growth. The patient responded to antibiotic therapy and was in good health 3 weeks after being discharged from the hospital. This represents the first report of F. nucleatum pericarditis.
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PMID:Fusobacterium nucleatum pericarditis. 683 85

A 25-year-old quadriplegic man with mitral leaflet prolapse syndrome was seen for complaints of intermittent fever, chills, and cough of three months' duration. Subacute bacterial endocarditis was diagnosed. Unusual complications of this disorder included hyperplenism with pancytopenia, pericardial effusion, and multiple infections in the blood and the spleen. Antibiotic therapy was begun, and splenectomy was performed. After seven weeks of treatment, the patient was free of symptoms and was discharged with advice on appropriate antibiotic prophylaxis. We believe that although bacterial endocarditis is a major complication of mitral leaflet prolapse syndrome, it can be prevented with antibiotic prophylaxis whenever dental, surgical, or other invasive procedures are performed.
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PMID:Bacterial endocarditis in mitral leaflet prolapse syndrome. 707 Oct 31

A 35-year-old man developed weight loss, lower abdominal pain, diarrhoea, cough, fever and general deterioration in his health. He had been born and resident in the USA until 1991, when he moved to Germany. Since 1991 he had known that he was HIV-positive. The chest radiograph showed bilateral diffuse spotty marking and a rounded cardiac silhouette, the latter echocardiographically due to pericardial effusion. Tuberculostatic drugs were started because miliary tuberculosis was suspected. But as his condition worsened and he was thought to have Pneumocystis pneumonia high doses of co-trimoxazole were administered. Perbronchial lung biopsy showed nonspecific chronic inflammatory changes. Periodide acid-Schiff reaction and Grocott staining demonstrated numerous histoplasma in alveolar macrophages and connective tissue. The organism was also cultured from bronchial secretions. Treatment was now changed to itraconazole (400 mg daily), 2 weeks later changed to liposomal amphotericin B (100 mg daily) because of renewed fever. After 6 weeks the patient became free of symptoms and the radiological changes had largely regressed. To prevent recurrence, treatment with itraconazole (400 mg daily) is being continued.
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PMID:[HIV-associated histoplasmosis with pulmonary manifestation in Europe]. 802 Mar 89

A 28-year-old woman with high fever and cough was admitted because of an abnormal shadow on the chest X-ray film. Mycobacterium kansasii was detected by sputum culture. The complete blood cell count disclosed pancytopenia and the myelogram showed slight hypoplasia and abnormality of the cell morphology. We diagnosed her disease as atypical mycobacteriosis and myelodysplastic syndrome. We began medical therapy with antituberculous drugs against Mycobacterium kansassi, and the sputum culture became negative. She was discharged after 4 months, but cardiothoracic ratio (CTR) increased gradually and pericardial effusion was detected by echocardiogram during follow-up. She was admitted again. We did not perform exploratory puncture, because the pericardial effusion did not increase for 6 months after admission and she had no complaints. We continued the antituberculous drugs, and CTR and the pericardial effusion decreased during follow-up. We considered the diagnosis in this case to be pericarditis due to Mycobacterium kansasii.
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PMID:[A case of myelodysplastic syndrome with pericarditis due to atypical Mycobacterium]. 811 65

A 56-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital with the complaint of cough. She had a rt. supraclavicular lymph node swelling, and her chest X-ray showed masses at the rt. hilum and the mediastinum. On bronchofiberscopy, a tumor was detected at the orifice of the lt. B3b, and the biopsy revealed small cell lung cancer (SCLC). With the peroperative diagnosis of stage IIIB SCLC, a neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by surgical resection was performed. Because of the presence of malignant cells in the pericardial effusion, the operation turned out to be an absolutely non-curative one. As the recurrence of mediastinal lymph node swelling occurred after the surgery, an intensive chemoradiotherapy was performed successfully. Then the patient has been free from disease for five years. This case indicates the possibility that some of SCLC patients can be long-term survivors by the treatment of an appropriate adjuvant therapy combined with radical resection, even if the clinical stage is advanced. Therefore an extended operative indication for SCLC should be considered.
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PMID:[A five-year survivor of small cell lung carcinoma stage IIIB treated with surgical resection and an adjuvant chemoradiotherapy--a case report]. 822 25

The medical records of five dogs diagnosed with infectious pericardial effusion were reviewed. Clinical signs included anorexia, depression, respiratory distress, abdominal distension, collapse, coughing, and vomiting. Anemia and leukocytosis were present in three dogs. Grass awn migration was confirmed as the cause of the pericardial effusion in two dogs and suspected in the other three. Surgery, followed by continuous chest drainage, and appropriate antibiotic therapy was the treatment in four dogs. Chest drains were removed within 4 days of surgery. One dog did not have chest drainage after surgery. Antibiotic treatment was continued for up to 6 months. The dogs were monitored postsurgically for a period ranging from 3 to 24 months. All dogs recovered well without apparent complications.
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PMID:Infectious pericardial effusion in five dogs. 858 48


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