Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0010200 (cough)
 23,843 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A survey was undertaken in the east district of Imphal valley of Manipur, India, using an intradermal test with saline extract of adult Paragonimus westermani as test antigen to find out the prevalence of paragonimiasis and some of the epidemiological factors attributable to it. A total of 3,467 individuals of both sexes aged five years and above were tested. A total of 2934 persons admitted eating crabs and among them 234 were found reactive to Paragonimus antigen. The prevalence rate observed was 6.7 per cent. The proportion of positive reactors (8.0%) among the crab eaters compared to 0.1 per cent among those who did not eat crabs was highly significant (P < 0.01). The difference in the prevalence rates in different age groups and different sexes was also found to be highly significant. The habit of eating raw and or undercooked crabs had significant correlation with skin reactivity. The intradermal test was found to be a good screening test for mass surveys due to its simplicity, low cost, high sensitivity and no known untoward reaction. Four persons among the skin positive reactors presented with cough, pain in the chest, recurrent haemoptysis as major clinical manifestations. Laboratory investigations revealed Paragonimus eggs in the sputum smears, raised erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and high absolute eosinophil count in their blood. Praziquantel, the drug of choice was given at a dose of 25 mg per kg body weight 3 times a day for three consecutive days to each patient for a cure.
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PMID:paragonimiasis in Manipur. 814 7

Sin Ho is a district of the northern mountainous province of Lai Chau, Vietnam, where the people have the habit of eating undercooked crabs. A study on paragoniamiasis carried out from 1994 to 1995 with 1,642 persons in this endemic area, showed that the rate of eating raw-crab was 72.5%. Crab examination (Ranguna kimboiensis) showed an infection rate of Paragonimus metacercaria of 98.1%. With 624 stool samples examined by Kato technique, the infection rate of Paragonimus in humans was 6.4%. With 338 sputum samples examined by direct and centrifuge methods, the infection rate of Paragonimus was 7.4%. Most of the patients were children (63.2%). The infection rate of Paragonimus in dogs was 18.2 - 33.3%. Adult worms, collected from the dogs in the field and from the cats in laboratory, were identified as Paragonimus heterotremus. The main symptoms of Paragonimus patients were cough and hemoptysis (92%), discontinuously developed (96%), without fever (94%), chest pain (70%), pleural effusion (26%), neurogical symptoms (8%), eosinophilia (88.9%), nodular ring shadows in the lungs, as shown by chest X-ray examination and more in lower lobe, (76.2%). Paragonimiasis patients were treated by (a) Praziquantel 25 mg/kg/day x 3 days; the cure rate was 68.8%. (b) Praziquantel 50 mg/kg/day x 3 days; the cure rate was 75%.
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PMID:Epidemiology, symptoms and treatment of paragonimiasis in Sin Ho district, Lai Chau province, Vietnam. 1141 55

A 66-year-old man visited our hospital with primary complaint of cough. Chest roentgenogram showed slight pleural effusion and pneumothorax in the left lung. Eosinophilia (22.8%) was also found in his peripheral blood. Multiple-dot enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (dot-ELISA) for the detection of parasite-specific immunoglobulin (Ig) G antibody was used to screen his serum against various parasitic diseases, but no significant binding was observed with any of the 12 parasite antigens examined, including those of Paragonimus westermani and P. miyazakii. Although he seemed to have been spontaneously cured without treatment, a nodular shadow appeared in the right upper medial lung field on the chest roentgenogram 6 months later. This time, his serum was positive for anti-P. westermani IgG antibody by the same method. A reexamination of the first and second admission serum samples for parasite-specific IgM and IgG antibodies revealed significant level of IgM antibody in the serum of the first admission, which had decreased at the time of the second admission. Conversely, the level of IgG antibody, which was low at the first admission, became dominant in the second admission serum 6 months later. These results clearly show that although the dot-ELISA to detect IgG antibody is generally useful for screening and detecting paragonimiasis, detection of IgM antibody seems to be a useful aid and should also be included in immunoserological diagnosis, especially if the patient is considered to be in the early stage of infection.
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PMID:Case report: Paragonimiasis westermani with seroconversion from immunoglobulin (Ig) m to IgG antibody with the clinical course. 1179 83

Paragonimiasis is a zoonosis caused by adult trematodes of the Paragonimus genus. The infection in humans is a result of a complex transmission cycle that includes two obligate intermediate hosts, a snail and a crustacean or a crayfish, and a definitive mammalian host. It has been shown that 9 of the more than 40 species of Paragonimus described affect humans in over 39 countries in Asia, Africa and America. It is estimated that 20.7 million people have paragonimiasis and it is calculated that 195 million people are at risk of being infected. The illness usually is caused once the parasite has settled in the lung at the site of the main clinical symptoms: cough, thoracic pain and hemoptysis. The diagnosis of paragonimiasis is based on the patient's history, the parasitological findings (ova in sputum and in feces), and the result of radiological and immunological tests. In severe cases, the patient may suffer from life-threatening hemoptysis or pneumothorax. Currently, praziquantel is the drug of choice.
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PMID:Paragonimiasis: a view from Columbia. 1209 36

We encountered three cases of paragonimiasis westermani caused by ingestion of Chinese freshwater crabs. All patients are Chinese living in Japan who had a history of eating raw Shanghai crabs at the Chinese restaurant owned by one of them. A few months later they complained of cough, chest pain and dyspnea. On examination, their peripheral blood showed a remarkable increase in eosinophils. Chest radiographs revealed the presence of pleural effusion in all cases, and of pneumothorax in one. Pleural fluid obtained from two cases showed an increased number of eosinophils, an elevated LDH, and a decreased glucose level. Paragonimus westermani was determined in a positive serum antibody test. The patients were treated with praziquantel for 3 days at a daily dosage of 75 mg/kg and their symptoms were relieved, but one case needed additional treatment with praziquantel for 3 days at a daily dosage of 50 mg/kg because of sustained pleural effusion and a persistently high antibody titer. Most cases of paragonimiasis found in Japan have been sporadic and individual, but three cases occurring close to each other in both distance and time have recently been reported. Such multiple infections are likely to increase because of the gourmet food boom and the internationalization of eating habits. Paragonimiasis must be kept in mind in the differential diagnosis of cases of pleural effusion with eosinophilia. We would therefore like to emphasize the importance of the detection of parasite-specific antibodies and of careful history-taking from patients.
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PMID:[Paragonimiasis westermani caused by ingestion of Chinese freshwater crabs]. 1277 98

A prospective study of paragonimiasis was undertaken from September 1992 to July 1997 in the Mount Kupe zone of the Southwest Province of Cameroon. In a group of 2700 subjects, 312 presenting one or more signs of paragonimiasis underwent testing to detect Paragonimus africanus eggs in sputum and stools. Eggs were found in 30 subjects (9.61%). These patients underwent chest x-rays to assess radiological lesions due to paragonimiasis before and after treatment with Praziquantel. Symptoms included cough in all patients, hemoptysis in 13 (43.33%) and chest pain in 18 (60%). Only one patients presented altered general status. No patients presented fever. Before treatment chest x-rays demonstrated perinodular shadow in 22 patients (73.33%), pulmonary infiltrative opacity in 12 (40.00%), pulmonary nodules and cavitation in 3 (10.00%), pleuropulmonary calcification in 3 (10.00%), and cicatricial lesions in 2 (6.66%). Radiological findings were normal in 8 patients (26.66%). Following treatment parasitological and clinical cure was achieved at 1 and 2 months in all cases but X-ray abnormalities persisted for six months in 56.6% of cases. The most notable changes included disappearance of perihilar shadow in 8 out of 22 patients (36.36%) and worsening of radiological findings in 3 (13.66%). In 19 patients, treatment had no effect on X-ray findings in comparison with baseline. Absence of pleural effusion and high incidence of perihilar shadow may be specific features of paragonimiasis in Central Africa where the incidence of concomitant parasitic, fungal and microbial diseases is high.
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PMID:[Paragonimiasis in Cameroon: clinicoradiologic features and treatment outcome]. 1291 Jun 55

A 27-year-old married male from Lamdeng village of Imphal West District, Manipur presented with cough, fever, haemoptysis, anorexia and weight loss, and was treated with antituberculosis drugs continuously for one year without improvement. He also had history of ingestion of raw crabs. Chest radiograph revealed right midzone lesion with cavitation. Laboratory investigations revealed peripheral blood eosinophilia, elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate and sputum smear revealed eggs of Paragonimus westermani. He responeded well to treatment with praziquantel 25 mg/kg, three times a day for three days and is doing well on follow-up. Pulmonary paragonimiasis must be considered in the differential diagnosis of slowly resolving pneumonias, especially in the appropriate clinical setting because effective treatment with praziquantel can be rewarding.
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PMID:Pulmonary paragonimiasis. 1555 14

Human paragonimiasis was endemic in Korea until the 1960's, and nowadays, the prevalence is decreasing. However, it is still one of the important helminthic diseases. Though it is essentially a pulmonary disorder, it may involve brain, muscle, mesentery, genital tract, pleura, peritoneum, spinal cord, spleen, and liver. We experienced two cases of paragonimiasis in a family who had ingested raw crabs together for 7 months. A 57-year-old female patient was admitted due to abdominal pain, diarrhea and tenesmus for 6 months. And, her 35-year-old son complained of cough, chest discomfort and dyspnea. The definite diagnosis for paragonimiasis could be made by the detection of the egg and adult worm from stool, sputum and involved lesion. Neither an egg or worm was detected. However, they were diagnosed based on the food history, laboratory data including serum eosinophilia, ELISA for specific IgG, pleural and peritoneal fluid examination, radiological findings, and intradermal tests. They were treated with praziquantel and their symptoms improved rapidly over 2 days. Both patients were asymptomatic at a follow-up visit 2 months later.
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PMID:[Familial infestation of Paragonimus westermani with peritonitis and pleurisy]. 1617 46

Paragonimiasis is a food borne zoonosis due to a trematode belonging to the genus Paragonimus. Although present throughout the world, about 90% of the cases occur in Asia where around 20 million people are infected. The parasitic cycle is complex with two different intermediate hosts. Man is infected by ingesting the raw or undercooked flesh of the second host - a freshwater crab or prawn - or possibly of a paratenic mammal host (wild boar), which contains the infective larval stage metacercariae that reaches the lung which is the main target organ. Epidemiological, pathological, and clinical aspects are reviewed. The main symptoms are protracted cough, and recurrent "benign" hemoptysis. Abnormal pleuro-pulmonary imaging features are constant, but protean and non-specific, leading to frequent confusion with tuberculosis. Diagnosis is easily achieved by ova search in the sputum or pleural fluid, or by serology. Evolution is usually considered benign, although not well known. Finally, praziquantel is the effective first choice treatment. Some paradoxical aspects of this disease are underlined such as: underdiagnosis despite a very simple diagnostic procedure, or opposite tendencies according to location, either extinction or re-emergence.
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PMID:[Pleuro-pulmonary paragonimiasis]. 1625 59

We report a cluster of infections in four female Thai immigrants aged between 35 and 49 years who developed paragonimiasis westermani within 16 months of ingesting freshwater crabs purchased from a market in Japan. Their symptoms included cough, bloody sputum, chest pain, and dyspnea. Radiographic and CT findings comprised pleural effusion, pneumothorax, air-space consolidation, and nodular opacities. Paragonimus eggs were identified in the feces of one patient, and in the pleural effusion and the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of another. All diagnoses of paragonimiasis westermani were established by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) of their serum. Paragonimiasis is a re-emerging disease in Japan. Moreover, since the number of immigrant patients is increasing, it is necessary to pay attention to infectious diseases resulting from their eating habits as well as imported diseases.
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PMID:[A cluster of paragonimiasis westermani infections in Thai immigrants]. 1934 75


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