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Query: UMLS:C0010200 (cough)
 23,843 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Vocal fold injection with botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A) may be used as an adjunct treatment for habit cough in children. We conducted a retrospective review of 3 cases involving children aged 11 to 13 years with habit cough treated with vocal fold injection of BTX-A. Injections of BTX-A to the thyroarytenoid muscles were effective in breaking the cough cycle in all 3 children. Their coughs recurred but were controlled with 4 to 8 sessions of behavioral therapy. Behavioral therapy remains the first-line treatment, but BTX-A may be a useful complement to behavioral therapy in patients who fail standard treatments or in those with severe cough who have limited or delayed access to mental health professionals. This is the first report, to our knowledge, on the use of BTX-A in the treatment of a habit cough.
Ear Nose Throat J 2007 Sep
PMID:Botulinum toxin A: a novel adjunct treatment for debilitating habit cough in children. 1797 Jan 50

Acquired tracheal diverticulum is a rare clinical entity with only limited reports in the literature. We report a case of a tracheal diverticulum that was identified as part of a work-up for a worsening cough. In this case the diverticulum was observed 2 years after surgical management of a retropharyngeal abscess. It was felt that pooling of secretions in the acquired pouch was a contributing factor in the exacerbation of the patient's chronic cough. Because of the patient's extensive comorbidities, observation and serial computed tomography scans were recommended.
Ear Nose Throat J 2008 Aug
PMID:Tracheal diverticulum: a rare finding in a patient with worsening chronic cough. 1871 98

Tracheal diverticulum is a rare entity. When it does occur, it is usually discovered incidentally in an asymptomatic patient as an outpouching from the tracheal wall, usually on the right side. It can be either congenital or acquired. A tracheal diverticulum may act as a reservoir for secretions that may spill over into the tracheobronchial tree, predisposing affected patients to cough, dyspnea, stridor, and chronic chest infection. The author describes 4 cases of tracheal diverticulum--3 congenital and 1 acquired--that were discovered on chest x-ray. The congenital form was found incidentally in 3 asymptomatic middle-aged women, and the acquired case (a tracheobronchial diverticulum) was discovered during a workup for chronic cough and fever in a young man. All 4 patients were thoroughly evaluated with conventional chest and neck radiographs, barium-swallow imaging, linear tomography, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging. Resection of these tracheal diverticula was not considered for any patient. The author also reviews the literature on tracheal diverticulum.
Ear Nose Throat J 2009 Jan
PMID:Tracheal diverticulum: a report of 4 cases. 1917 58

The goal of this investigation was to study the effects of sequential dust mite antigen stimulation on the appearance and function of the larynx. To that end, we designed a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, prospective analysis of adults who had tested positive for perennial dust mite allergy. The larynx of patients who received the active antigen was challenged directly with a low (1:100) and a high (1:40) concentration of the dust mite allergen via an oral nebulizer. Voice laboratory assessment tools included voice and allergy questionnaires, videostroboscopic examination of the larynx, acoustic and speech aerodynamic analyses, and digital audio voice recordings. The study was prematurely terminated after 2 patients had been treated with the highest concentration of the antigenic suspension because of adverse effects, including chest tightness, coughing, and voice difficulties. Both of these patients had demonstrated viscous endolaryngeal secretions and vocal fold edema on videostroboscopy. No reactions were noted at the lower concentration of antigen exposure or in 1 control patient who completed the study. We believe that our findings, as preliminary as they are, may serve as an initial template for the differential diagnosis and treatment of other patients with inhalant allergies who present with chief complaints suggestive of allergic laryngitis.
Ear Nose Throat J 2009 Feb
PMID:Effects of sequential Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus antigen stimulation on anatomy and physiology of the larynx. 1922 81

This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study investigated the efficacy, safety, and immunogenicity of LAIV in community-dwelling ambulatory adults > or =60 years of age in South Africa in 2001. Nose and throat swabs were obtained for influenza virus culture based on the symptoms of influenza-like illness. A total of 3242 subjects were enrolled, with a mean age of 69.5 years. The efficacy of LAIV against influenza viruses antigenically similar to the vaccine was 42.3% (95% CI, 21.6-57.8%). Efficacy against A/H3N2 viruses was 52.5% (95% CI, 32.1-67.2%); vaccine efficacy was not observed against antigenically similar B strains. In post hoc analyses, efficacy in subjects 60 to <70 years of age was 41.8% and -22.7% against A/H3N2 and B, respectively and 65.7% and 9.9%, respectively, for subjects > or =70 years. Reactogenicity events were higher among LAIV than placebo recipients during 11 days postvaccination (P=0.042), including runny nose/nasal congestion, cough, sore throat, headache, muscle aches, tiredness, and decreased appetite. Rates of serious adverse events were similar for LAIV and placebo recipients. This was the first demonstration of statistically significant protection by LAIV against culture-confirmed influenza in adults > or =60 years of age. These results suggest that LAIV may provide an additional public health tool in the prevention of influenza in the elderly. (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier, NCT00217230.).
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PMID:Efficacy and safety of a live attenuated influenza vaccine in adults 60 years of age and older. 1979 21

We conducted a study to determine if a five-item pediatric cough questionnaire (PCQ) is a valid and reliable means of measuring cough-specific quality of life in children. The five questions, which are answered by the child's parent or caregiver, cover cough frequency (Q1), sleep disturbance of the child (Q2), sleep disturbance of the parent (Q3), cough severity (Q4), and the degree of bothersomeness to the child (Q5). Each of the five items was scored on a 6-point Likert scale. The PCQ was administered three times. The first occurred when the parent telephoned to schedule an appointment for the child at a pediatric pulmonology outpatient clinic for a chief complaint of cough. The second PCQ was administered within 2 weeks of the first but before any treatment had been instituted so that test-retest reliability could be assessed. Each child was then diagnosed and treated in accordance with standard care practices. The third PCQ was administered 3 weeks after the second to determine if it would accurately reflect the parent's perception of how the child's cough had changed following treatment. Also, at the second and third encounters, parents were asked to provide their global assessment of whether their child's cough had improved, worsened, or stayed the same since the previous encounter. The parents of 120 children (70 boys and 50 girls; mean age: 6.8 yr) completed all three PCQs. Test-retest reliability was established (p < 0.001) for each of the five PCQ questions by Spearman correlation analysis (Q1: r = 0.5; Q2: r = 0.38; Q3: r = 0.42; Q4: r = 0.53; Q5: r = 0.5). Other statistical analyses confirmed the PCQ's internal consistency, discriminant validity, and convergent validity. Based on our findings, we conclude that the PCQ is a valid and reliable instrument with which to follow children with chronic cough longitudinally.
Ear Nose Throat J 2009 Nov
PMID:Validation of a pediatric cough questionnaire. 1992 64

We describe a previously unreported phenomenon: positional dysphagia secondary to a Chiari I malformation. A 38-year-old woman presented with progressive dysphagia and cough. Flexible endoscopic evaluation of swallowing detected severe pharyngeal dysphagia and aspiration, as well as an intermittent cough reflex with all consistencies in the upright position. Various compensatory strategies were attempted to relieve the aspiration, but only assumption of the supine position was successful. Subsequent magnetic resonance imaging detected a herniation of the cerebellar tonsils to the level of C2 and the presence of a cervical syrinx-findings consistent with a Chiari I malformation. After surgical decompression of the malformation, the patient's symptoms completely resolved.
Ear Nose Throat J 2010 Jul
PMID:Positional dysphagia secondary to a Chiari I malformation. 2062 91

The purpose of the study was to determine the associations between dust, endotoxins and bacterial exposure, and health effects in sewage workers. Exposure of 19 workers handling dry sludge and 25 other sewage workers was measured. Controls were office workers from compost and sewage plants. Spirometry, acoustic rhinometry and nitric oxide in exhaled air were performed before and after exposure were measured. CRP was measured in blood samples. It was found that workers handling dry sludge were exposed to higher levels of dust and endotoxins than other workers and reported more airway and systemic symptoms than controls. Compared to controls, FEV(1)/FVC was 0.12 lower in workers handling dry sludge and 0.05 lower in other sewage workers. Nose irritation, cough and headache were more prevalent in workers handling dry sludge (ORs 2.3-23), and together with unusual tiredness associated with endotoxins and/or dust, ORs 2.9-34 for-10-fold increases in exposure. Cross-shift decreases of nasal dimensions were larger in workers handling dry sludge than controls and were associated with dust and endotoxin exposure. It was concluded that workers handling dry sludge were higher exposed to endotoxins and dust than other sewage workers and also reported more respiratory and systemic symptoms. Exposure-response relationships were found for nasal dimensions, nose irritation and systemic symptoms.
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PMID:Exposure, symptoms and airway inflammation among sewage workers. 2118 69

Tracheal diverticula are rarely encountered, and only a handful of cases have been described in the literature. In most of these cases the patient was asymptomatic. When symptoms have occurred, they usually had an airway component such as cough, dyspnea, and recurrent respiratory infection. Imaging techniques-particularly computed tomography-are beneficial for diagnosing a tracheal diverticulum because bronchoscopy can sometimes miss the point of communication with the trachea. We report the case of a 62-year-old woman with a tracheal diverticulum that manifested as an intermittent, painful right neck mass with associated cough, dysphonia, dysphagia/odynophagia, and an occasional strangulation/choking sensation.
Ear Nose Throat J 2011 Sep
PMID:Intermittently symptomatic tracheal diverticulum: a case of a rare clinical phenomenon. 2193 86

Pertussis is a rare condition in adults. This report describes a 65-year-old man presenting to the otolaryngology service with hoarseness secondary to pertussis. He had a history of worsening cough and hoarseness occurring over several weeks. Laryngoscopy showed significant erythema at the medial edges of the vocal folds. Stroboscopy demonstrated bilateral decreased amplitude and decreased mucosal wave of the vocal folds. Polymerase chain reaction testing of the sputum revealed Bordetella pertussis. The patient was started on azithromycin, and he reported gradual resolution of the chest and laryngeal symptoms over the next few months. Pertussis, or whooping cough, is not common in the United States because of childhood vaccination protocols. Nevertheless, otolaryngologists need to be aware of this condition as a possible cause of hoarseness.
Ear Nose Throat J 2012 Feb
PMID:Pertussis presenting as hoarseness in an adult. 2235 41


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