Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0010200 (cough)
 23,843 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Twenty-four 4-week-old poults, free from Mycoplasma meleagridis and M. gallisepticum, were inoculated with a velogenic viscerotropic strain of Newcastle disease virus. Clinical signs (gasping, coughing, and dyspnea) developed 4-5 days postinoculation, continued until nervous derangement appeared, and then (usually 3 days after initial clinical signs appeared) declined in severity. Prominent nervous signs were paresis and paralysis of the extremities, with pronounced head-shaking. The most constant gross lesions detected involved the airsacs. The abdominal sacs of a few poults contained a large accumulation of yellowish, cheesy exudate and there was cloudiness of the thoracic airsacs of all inoculated poults. A few turkeys had tracheitis with some catarrhal exudates and casts in the lower part of the tracheal lumen. Congestion of lepto-meningeal vessels usually correlated with the severity of the nervous signs. The histologic lesions were characterized by both degenerative and proliferative changes with predominantly mononuclear cell and heterophil infiltrations throughout the body. The obvious lesion seen in the recovery stage of the disease was proliferation of lymphofollicular nodules in the parenchymatous organs.
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PMID:Pathology of velogenic Newcastle Disease virus infection in turkeys. 116 10

A natural outbreak of Newcastle disease (ND) was reported in a flock of guinea-fowl in Nigeria, affecting 1,029 birds of which 250 (24.3%) died. Paralysis of the legs and wings, coughing, sneezing, white diarrhoea and complete cessation of egg production were observed. Serum samples collected at the onset and during the course of the disease had high ND antibody titres. ND virus was isolated from a pool of brain tissues from diseased guinea-fowl. The ND virus isolate was characterised as a velogenic strain.
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PMID:A natural outbreak of Newcastle disease in guinea-fowl (Numida meleagris galeata) in Nigeria. 821 39

Aerosol vaccination is used effectively to immunize poultry against Newcastle disease, but to the authors' knowledge, this vaccination procedure is not well studied in other species. The efficacy of IM and aerosol vaccination of pigs against Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae infection was evaluated. Twenty-one pigs from a Mycoplasma-free herd were randomly allotted by litter and body weight into 3 groups. One group was given aerosolized phosphate-buffered saline solution (PBSS) by inhalation. The second group (AERO) was given aerosolized M hyopneumoniae vaccine by inhalation. The third group (IM) was given the same vaccine by IM injection. Vaccination by IM administration was repeated once, and aerosol vaccination was repeated twice at 2-week intervals. Two weeks after the last vaccination, all pigs were intratracheally challenge-exposed with 3 ml of broth culture containing 10(7) color-changing units (CCU) of a low-passage strain of virulent M hyopneumoniae. Pigs were observed daily for coughing. Four weeks after challenge exposure, all pigs were necropsied. Percentage of lung affected by gross pneumonia was measured, bronchioalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) cells were counted, and quantitative culture for mycoplasmas was performed on lung sections. Additionally, M hyopneumoniae-specific antibodies were measured in prevaccination, postvaccination, and postchallenge-exposure serum and BALF by use of indirect ELISA. Mean prevalence of persistent coughing in pigs of the AERO group (4.6 d/pig) was not different from that in pigs of the PBSS group (3.7 d/pig). Prevalence of coughing in IM vaccinated pigs (1.0 d/pig) was lower (P < 0.05) than that in pigs of the PBSS group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Aerosol vaccination of pigs against Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae infection. 829 66

The Hitchner B-1 strain of Newcastle disease virus was plaque-cloned and then serially passaged 36 times in specific-pathogen-free (SPF) chicken embryos incubated at two different temperatures. Virus passaged at a reduced temperature (29 C) was identified as cold-adapted (Ca) and virus passaged at the normal temperature (37 C) was designated non-cold-adapted (non-Ca). The Ca and non-Ca B-1 viruses were compared with the parent B-1 and a commercial B-1 vaccine. In vitro Ca B-1 characteristics included adaptation for more rapid growth at 29 C and the aquisition of temperature sensitivity indicated by substantially reduced growth at 41 C, properties not seen with non-Ca B-1. Embryo mean death times for the Ca virus (140 hr) were longer than for non-Ca B-1 (107 hr) and parent B-1 (121 hr) viruses. The Ca virus retained a rapid (< 2 hr) hemagglutination (HA) elution rate but lost the property of binding the monoclonal antibody AVS-I typical of other B-1 strains. The pathogenicity of the Ca B-1 strain was compared to the non-Ca B-1, parent B-1 strain, and a commercial B-1 strain vaccine in 1-day-old broiler-type chickens. Pathogenicity was evaluated by assessing the severity of respiratory disease signs and the incidence of airsacculitis, perihepatitis, and pericarditis lesions in inoculated chicks. A respiratory disease index was calculated for each B-1 strain based on daily observation scores that determined the presence or absence of disease signs (coughing, rales, labored breathing, death) from 1 to 14 days following intratracheal inoculation with 10(6) 50% egg infective doses of virus per chick. The lower respiratory disease index obtained for the Ca B-1 strain (0.075) indicated it was less pathogenic than the commercial B-1 vaccine (0.296) and the non-Ca (0.478) and parent (0.521) B-1 strains. Ca B-1-infected chicks had only a 5% incidence of air sac lesions, compared to chicks given non-Ca (65%), Hitchner B-1 (65%), or a commercial B-1 vaccine (30%). Immunogenicity tests performed in 1-week-old SPF leghorn chickens demonstrated that Ca B-1 induced complete protection when administered intraocularly as a single entity. However, when Ca B-1 was given in combination with a modified live infectious bronchitis virus vaccine, chickens were only partially protected (60-75%) against Texas GB strain-induced neurotropic velogenic Newcastle disease.
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PMID:Attenuation of lentogenic Newcastle disease virus strain B-1 by cold adaptation. 888 91

Avian pneumovirus (APV) is the cause of a respiratory disease of turkeys characterized by coughing, ocular and nasal discharge, and swelling of the infraorbital sinuses. Sixty turkey poults were reared in isolation conditions. At 3 weeks of age, serum samples were collected and determined to be free of antibodies against APV, avian influenza, hemorrhagic enteritis, Newcastle disease, Mycoplasma gallisepticum, Mycoplasma synoviae, Mycoplasma meleagridis, Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale, and Bordetella avium. When the poults were 4 weeks old, they were inoculated with cell culture-propagated APV (APV/Minnesota/turkey/2a/97) via the conjunctival spaces and nostrils. After inoculation, four poults were euthanatized every 2 days for 14 days, and blood, swabs, and tissues were collected. Clinical signs consisting of nasal discharge, swelling of the infraorbital sinuses, and frothy ocular discharge were evident by 2 days postinoculation (PI) and persisted until day 12 PI. Mild inflammation of the mucosa of the nasal turbinates and infraorbital sinuses was present between days 2 and 10 PI. Mild inflammatory changes were seen in tracheas of poults euthanatized between days 4 and 10 PI. Antibody to APV was detected by day 7 PI. The virus was detected in tissue preparations and swabs of nasal turbinates and infraorbital sinuses by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, virus isolation, and immunohistochemical staining methods between days 2 and 10 PI. Virus was detected in tracheal tissue and swabs between days 2 and 6 PI using the same methods. In this experiment, turkey poults inoculated with tissue culture-propagated APV developed clinical signs similar to those seen in field cases associated with infection with this virus.
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PMID:Pathogenesis of avian pneumovirus infection in turkeys. 1201 94