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Query: UMLS:C0010200 (cough)
 23,843 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Pulmonary mucormycosis is a rare, frequently fatal, fungal infection. It is usually seen in the presence of various immunocompromised states, such as diabetes mellitus, haematological malignancy or renal transplantation. In the absence of underlying predisposing conditions, presentation with infiltrates, consolidation, cavitation and mass lesion have been reported. We describe a 50-year-old man who presented with cough and chest pain for six months. Chest radiograph and computed tomography showed bilateral multiple pulmonary nodules. Surgical lung biopsy revealed angioinvasive mucormycosis. He had complete recovery with amphotericin therapy.
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PMID:Angioinvasive pulmonary mucormycosis presenting as multiple bilateral pulmonary nodules in a patient without obvious predisposing factors. 1894 95

A 40-year-old white male had a two-year history of right sided upper back pain without dyspnea or coughing. His past history was significant for allergic rhinitis and asthma. Conservative outpatient management of the back pain including medications, rest and physical therapy were ineffective. CT scan of the chest revealed a mass in the lower lobe of the right lung. Bronchial biopsy and lavage revealed eosinophilic and neutrophilic inflammation without tissue invasion. A pure culture of Bipolaris australiensis was confirmed by DNA typing. Hematological, serological and radiological studies were not compatible with Allergic Bronchopulmonary Mycosis (ABPM), fungus ball, hypersensitivity pneumonitis or invasive fungal infection. However, the mucus plugging may have represented an atypical localized form of ABPM. Resolution of the endobronchial mucus impaction occurred after three bronchoscopies with vigorous suction, anti fungal therapy and prednisone.
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PMID:Back pain associated with endobronchial mucus impaction due to Bipolaris australiensis colonization representing atypical Allergic Bronchopulmonary Mycosis. 1918 Jul 52

Emmonsia crescens is a saprophytic fungus that is distributed worldwide, causing diseases mostly in rodents. It has also been described, though rarely, as an etiologic agent of pulmonary pathology in humans, potentially leading to death. A case of pulmonary adiaspiromycosis is reported in a 30-year-old immunocompetent man. The patient presented with a history of several weeks of weakness, cough, fever, and weight loss of 10 kg. Clinical and radiographic findings showed pulmonary lesions consistent with tuberculosis or histoplasmosis, but no pathogen was found with classical microbiological procedures. The diagnosis of adiaspiromycosis due to Emmonsia crescens was initially made using molecular biology techniques. Histological observations subsequently confirmed the presence of adiaspores in granulomas. To our knowledge, this is the first case of adiaspiromycosis diagnosed by PCR and sequencing. The patient was treated with itraconazole and was seen at 1 month with symptomatic improvement. Here we will discuss this rare fungal infection and its difficult treatment and diagnosis. As represented in this case, molecular biology is a powerful method to optimize diagnostic tests and therefore improve the care of the infected patient.
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PMID:Molecular diagnosis of disseminated adiaspiromycosis due to Emmonsia crescens. 1924 59

The lungs are common sites for the occurrence of saprophytic or invasive mycosis as well as hydatid cysts. The two diseases seldom coexist, and the manifestation is seen as a fungal ball (usually aspergilloma) formed in the cavity left behind after hydatid cystectomy. Active invasion and proliferation of the fungi in the laminated ectocyst or sometimes the pericyst of the hydatid is very unusual. We report such a unique coexistence identified in two of the six surgically excised pulmonary hydatid cysts in the past 2 years. Both were immunocompetent males, who had presented with non-specific symptoms of cough, haemoptysis and chest pain. The septate slender hyphae of the invading fungus resembled those of Aspergillus.
Mycoses 2010 May
PMID:Piggyback mycosis: pulmonary hydatid cyst with a mycotic co-infection. 1938 72

We report the case of a 58 year old male patient with nonproductive coughing, fever, vomiting and loss of appetite, beginning at the moment that he returned back home from a 2 week holiday in California. His symptoms were accompanied by increased inflammatory markers in his blood (leucocytosis, high CRP) and pulmonary sequelae, becoming more prominent shortly after admission. Eventually, the final diagnosis of coccidioidomycosis was made by histopathology and confirmed by serology. Coccidioidomycosis is a rare infectious disease. However, the incidence in the endemic areas of this fungal infection is increasing and the population travelling towards its specific endemic regions in the United States and Southern America is considerably growing. Clinicians facing patients with pulmonary infection with the appropriate travel history and persistent pulmonary or systemic infection (with or without eosinophilia) should be alert to the possibility of coccidioidomycosis. Therefore, we present an up to date overview of the epidemiology, microbiology, clinical features, diagnosis and treatment of patients with coccidioidomycosis.
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PMID:Fungal disease of the Western hemisphere: a patient with coccidioidomycosis. 1939 1

Pyomyositis is an infection of skeletal muscle that, by definition, arises intramuscularly rather than secondarily from adjacent infection. It is usually associated with bacterial infection, particularly Staphylcococcus aureus. Fungi are rare causes, and Blastomyces dermatitidis has not been reported previously. In this case series, we report two cases of pyomyositis caused by B. dermatitidis. Cases were prospectively identified through routine clinical care at a single academic referral hospital. Two patients with complaints of muscle pain and subacute cough were treated at our hospital in 2007. Both patients were found to have pyomyositis caused by B. dermatitidis- in the quadriceps muscles in one patient, and in the calf muscle in another - by radiological imaging and fungal culture. Both were also diagnosed with pneumonia caused by B. dermatitidis (presumptive in one, confirmed in the other). There was no evidence of infection of adjacent structures, suggesting that the route of infection was likely direct haematogenous seeding of the muscle. A review of the literature confirmed that although B. dermatitidis has been described as causing axial muscle infection secondary to adjacent infection such as vertebral osteomyelitis, our description of isolated muscle involvement (classic pyomyositis) caused by B. dermatitidis, particularly of the extremity muscles, is unique. We conclude that B. dermatitidis is a potential cause of classic pyomyositis.
Mycoses 2010 Jul
PMID:Classic pyomyositis of the extremities as an unusual manifestation of Blastomyces dermatitidis: a report of two cases. 1949 34

A 55-year-old man was admitted to our hospital because of pyrexia, cough and sputum. He suffered from bronchial asthma. Chest X-ray showed infiltrates in the left upper and right lower lung fields. Chest CT scans showed mucoid impaction and consolidation predominantly in the left upper lobe. Laboratory tests showed peripheral eosinophilia, elevated level of serum IgE, and the increased eosinophils in his sputum. Schizophyllum commune was isolated from the bronchoscopically-removed mucous plug. A diagnosis of allergic bronchopulmonary mycosis (ABPM) due to S. commune was made. Simultaneous daily administration of 400 mg itraconazole (ITCZ) and corticosteroid (prednisolone; 30 mg daily) provided sufficient improvement. However recurrence was recognized on chest CT scan findings one year later. There are not enough case reports concerning S. commune-induced ABPM to establish a therapeutic approach to the condition.
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PMID:[Allergic bronchopulmonary mycosis induced by Schizophyllum commune--case report and review of the literature]. 1976 11

Histoplamosis is the most common primary systemic mycosis in the USA and is becoming more common as an opportunistic infection in HIV patients worldwide. In children the rate of asymptomatic infection is high. However, in infants with an immature immunological system, disseminated disease may occur. The clinical picture is variable depending on the immunological status. At the onset of the infection clinical manifestations are non specific (headache, fever, cough and nausea). Usually, these symptoms are self-limited and improve without treatment. However, patients with disseminated diseases present with prolonged fever, malaise, cough and weight loss. Hepatosplenomegaly is frequent in infants. Chest radiographs may be normal in 40 to 50% of patients with disseminated disease but findings such as lobar or diffuse infiltrates, cavitations, hilar adenopathy, or any combination of these may be found. Frequently, the clinical presentation is misdiagnosed as tuberculosis. Skin tests, serological reaction and specific cultures are used for diagnosis confirmation. Treatment indications and regimens are similar to those for adults, except that amphotericin B deoxycholate is usually well tolerated in children.
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PMID:Histoplasmosis in children. 1987 6

Histoplasmosis is systemic mycosis caused by a small fungus, Histoplasma capsulatum var. capsulatum, whose natural habitat is soil contaminated by bat or bird excrement. The incidence of histoplasmosis is worldwide. In Brazil, the disease is found in all regions; however, the state of Rio de Janeiro is responsible for most of the microepidemics described. Human infection occurs when airborne spores of H. capsulatum are inhaled. The most common clinical presentation is asymptomatic. The symptoms of acute or epidemic histoplasmosis are high fever, cough, asthenia and retrosternal pain, as well as enlargement of the cervical lymph nodes, liver and spleen. The most common radiological findings are diffuse reticulonodular infiltrates in both lungs, as well as hilar and mediastinal lymph node enlargement. In chronic pulmonary histoplasmosis, the clinical and radiological manifestations are identical to those of reinfection with pulmonary tuberculosis. Histoplasmosis is diagnosed by means of the identification or culture growth of the fungus in sputum or fiberoptic bronchoscopy specimens. Histopathological examination reveals the fungus itself within or surrounding macrophages, as well as granulomatous lesions with or without caseous necrosis. Double agar gel immunodiffusion is the most easily used and readily available serologic test for making the immunological diagnosis. Acute histoplasmosis with prolonged symptoms requires treatment, as do the disseminated or chronic pulmonary forms of the disease. The drug of choice is itraconazole.
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PMID:Chapter 4--histoplasmosis. 2001 51

Paracoccidioidomycosis is a systemic mycosis caused by the dimorphic fungus Paracoccidioides brasiliensis. The disease is restricted to Latin America. It is the principal systemic mycosis in Brazil, with higher incidences in the southern, southeastern and central regions. The disease is acquired by inhaling fungal propagules. In endemic areas, the primary infection occurs during childhood and involves the immune system. The most common chronic form of paracoccidioidomycosis in adults is the multifocal form, in which there is dissemination to the lungs, lymph nodes, skin and mucosae. This form of the disease has a chronic progression, and the diagnosis is typically delayed. Cough, dyspnea and weight loss due to cutaneous and mucosal lesions are evident and are the principal complaints reported by paracoccidioidomycosis patients. Chest X-rays reveal diffuse reticulonodular infiltrates, which are more evident in the upper lobes. The etiologic diagnosis is based on the identification of P. brasiliensis in clinical specimens, such as lymph node aspirates or BAL fluid, by direct microscopy and culture. Histopathological testing of tissue samples reveals the thick birefringent cell wall of the fungus and the typical pattern of multiple budding around the mother cell. Double agar gel immunodiffusion is useful for the diagnosis when the fungus cannot be detected through mycological tests. Although paracoccidioidomycosis is most often treated with the sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim combination, itraconazole is preferable. Amphotericin B is used in severe cases.
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PMID:Chapter 6--paracoccidioidomycosis. 2012 28


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