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Query: UMLS:C0010200 (cough)
 23,843 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Mycoplasma pneumoniae and the TWAR agent account for a good proportion of pneumonias acquired in the community among older children and young adults. Recovery from these infections is common, although serious complications may occur. Each is associated with fever, nonproductive cough, and headache. The full clinical manifestations of TWAR agent infection are only now beginning to be defined. Diagnosis of M pneumoniae can be by serology and/or culture capabilities. The TWAR agent cannot be routinely isolated and serologic tests are available only in research laboratories. Response to tetracycline antibiotics has been established for each agent and hospitalization is rarely needed. Erythromycin and other macrolide antibiotics have good activity against M pneumoniae and can be employed as an alternative to tetracycline antibiotics for this pathogen.
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PMID:Pneumonia caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae and the TWAR agent. 249 49

Longitudinal surveillance of pneumonia in a university student health service was conducted from 1965-1971 and 1984-1987. Of 104 pneumonia cases documented by chest x-ray, only six were presumed to have bacterial etiology; the remaining 98 were characteristic of atypical pneumonia syndrome. Mycoplasma pneumoniae was the etiology in 51% of the pneumonias in the 1960s and 13% in 1984-1987. Pneumonia incidence was highest in the fall semester in seven of 11 years studied. Annual incidence followed a three- to four-year periodicity. Both of these observations mirror the epidemiology of M. pneumoniae in the world population. Symptoms of cough, headache, malaise, and absence of the physical finding of wheezing were seen more consistently in M. pneumoniae pneumonia than in other atypical pneumonias; other clinical features varied among epidemics. Rapid cold agglutinin tests were positive in 27% of our clinically diagnosed pneumonias and in 36% of those with documented mycoplasmal infections. This study appears to provide a basis for predicting future epidemics of atypical pneumonia in student populations.
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PMID:Epidemic pneumonia in university students. 251 60

Mycoplasma (M.) ovipneumoniae was isolated pure or mixed with bacteria from 47 lungs of lambs of 14 in 22 tested flocks. M. ovipneumoniae was obtained as pure culture in cases of mild bronchopneumonia. Experimental intratracheal or intranasal infection caused several days of rising body temperature above 39.7 degrees C. Nasal discharge, coughing, and dyspnea did not occur. M. ovipneumoniae was successfully re-isolated from nasal swabs, beginning 2 d from infection. Lobular catarrhal bronchopneumonia was established by postmortem examinations, 10-14 d from infection, and M. ovipneumoniae was re-isolated from the lungs. Histological patterns of lungs were characterised by interstitial cell reactions.
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PMID:[Natural and experimental infections of lambs with Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae]. 253 84

Neuropeptides such as substance P are implicated in inflammation mediated by sensory nerves (neurogenic inflammation), but the roles in disease of these peptides and the peptidases that degrade them are not understood. It is well established that inflammation is a prominent feature of several airway diseases, including viral infections, asthma, bronchitis, and cystic fibrosis. These diseases are characterized by cough, airway edema, and abnormal secretory and bronchoconstrictor responses, all of which can be elicited by substance P. The effects of substance P and other peptides that may be involved in inflammation are decreased by endogenous neutral endopeptidase (NEP; also called enkephalinase, EC 3.4.24.11), which is a peptidase that degrades substance P and other peptides. In the present study, we report that rats with histories of infections caused by common respiratory tract pathogens (parainfluenza virus type 1, rat corona-virus, and Mycoplasma pulmonis) not only have greater susceptibility to neurogenic inflammatory responses than do pathogen-free rats but also have a lower activity of NEP in the trachea. This reduction in NEP activity may cause the increased susceptibility to neurogenic inflammation by allowing higher concentrations of substance P to reach tachykinin receptors in the trachea. Thus decreased NEP activity may exacerbate some of the pathological responses in animals with respiratory tract infections.
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PMID:Neutral endopeptidase and neurogenic inflammation in rats with respiratory infections. 254 62

Pathological consequences of a severe outbreak of swine influenza (H1N1 virus) in the non immune sow at the beginning of pregnancy, under natural conditions. A sudden acute outbreak of fever, depression, anorexia and coughing in a group of nulliparous sows from a herd that was currently under epidemiological investigation lead to build a particular disposal of observation. The clinical signs were daily recorded including rectal temperature. Blood was taken from the sows at the beginning of the troubles and 3 weeks later for the detection of Aujesky's disease, coronavirus TGE-like, Influenza viruses A/H1N1 and A/H3N2 and Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae. Viral detection was attempted from nasal swabs and aborted fetuses during the acute phase. The clinical study showed fever reaching near 41 degrees C on most of the pigs and lasting usually from 2 to 5 days. The diagnosis of Influenza (virus swine H1N1) was established both on serology (massive seroconversion) and on the detection of the virus from the nasal swabs and from an aborted fetus. The control of the lungs of sows "not in pig" and culled showed extended lesions of bronchopneumonia and Pasteurella multocida was found. The technical consequences of this severe outbreak of Influenza on reproduction were mainly important at the beginning of pregnancy. Over 13 sows inseminated less than 1 week before the outbreak, only 3 farrowed (respectively 5.5 and 12 piglets); 7 returned to oestrus and 3 "not a pig" at 21 days (echotomography) did not show signs of heat and were culled. Over 8 pregnant sows (1 month of pregnancy), 6 farrowed normal litters and total embryonic resorption occurred in 2 sows. Over 18 pregnant sows (more than 45 days gestation) one aborted.
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PMID:[Pathologic consequences of a severe influenza outbreak (swine virus A/H1N1) under natural conditions in the non-immune sow at the beginning of pregnancy]. 255 Jan 69

Thirty six adults with cystic fibrosis were studied over one year to determine the incidence of infection with respiratory viruses and atypical organisms. Nineteen patients entered the study during an acute exacerbation of respiratory symptoms with an increase in purulent sputum production, cough, or breathlessness accompanied by a fall in FEV1 (group 1); 17 patients entered when they were stable both clinically and in terms of lung function values (group 2). Group 1 patients had a mean of 2.6 (range 1-4) infective exacerbations during the year and group 2 patients a mean of 1.1 (0-2) exacerbations. Eleven patients developed serological evidence of viral (influenza virus A and B, cytomegalovirus, human rhinovirus 2, adenovirus) or Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection. There was no difference in seroconversion rates between group 1 (five patients) and group 2 (six patients). There was a weak association between viral seroconversion and the isolation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa from sputum, though this was not significant.
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PMID:Infective respiratory exacerbations in young adults with cystic fibrosis: role of viruses and atypical microorganisms. 258 11

Mycoplasma pneumoniae is a pathogenic micro-organism frequently held responsible for acute respiratory infection. The disease is ubiquitous and often proceeds in epidemics among small communities of young people (families, army barracks, universities). Its usual clinical manifestations consist of a stubborn cough symptomatic of tracheo-bronchitis with or without fever, and inflammation of the upper respiratory tract. Cases where chest X-rays show a pulmonary infiltrate are less frequent, but they differ from other lung diseases in that the respiratory signs at physical examination are discreet. The presence of cold agglutinins is not specific, but it contributes to the diagnosis. Cutaneous, neuromeningeal, cardiovascular and osteo-articular manifestations are rare, usually delayed and of lesser importance. Diagnosis rests on positive cultures of tracheo-bronchial or pharyngeal samples and/or on a significant increase in the titers of serum antibodies directed against M. pneumoniae. The disease is usually benign. Antibiotic therapy with macrolides or tetracyclines shortens its duration and reduces the incidence of complications. The latter chiefly concern elderly subjects and patients with COLD for whom M. pneumoniae infection constitutes a major risk of respiratory failure.
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PMID:[Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections]. 266 46

We studied all patients with community-acquired pneumonia who were admitted to our 800-bed adult acute care hospital from 1 November 1981 to 15 March 1987. The 719 patients had a mean age of 63.2 years; 18% were admitted from nursing homes, and 18% required ventilatory assistance as part of the therapy for pneumonia. Patients with nursing home-acquired pneumonia were significantly older; had a higher mortality (40% vs. 17%); were more likely to be admitted in January; were less likely to complain of cough, fever, anorexia, chills, headache, nausea, sore throat, myalgia, or arthralgia; and were more likely to be confused than those admitted from the community. Pneumonia of unknown etiology and aspiration pneumonia were more common and Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection less common among those with nursing home-acquired pneumonia. Streptococcus pneumoniae accounted for 58% of the 48 cases of bacteremia. None of the bacteremic patients received antibiotics before admission, compared with 34% of the nonbacteremic patients. Aerobic gram-negative rod bacteremia was not more frequent among nursing home patients than among those from the community. The overall mortality was 21% (8.5% for those less than 60 years of age and 28.6% for those greater than 60 years old). By multivariate analysis the following variables were significant predictors of mortality: number of lobes involved by the pneumonic process, number of antibiotics used to treat the pneumonia, age, admission from a nursing home, ventilatory support, and the number of complications that occurred while the patient was in the hospital.
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PMID:Community-acquired pneumonia requiring hospitalization: 5-year prospective study. 277 65

Mother, father (26 y.o.) and their only child (5 y.o.) developed nonproductive cough, fever (39.5 to 40.4 degrees C) and bilateral pulmonary infiltrates within three weeks. In addition the mother developed a small left pleural effusion and a pericardial effusion, a relative bradycardia, a pruritic vesicular exanthem of the extremities and the trunk, an erythema nodosum and arthritis of the tarsal joints. The father's coulter counter red blood count was distorted by microagglutination at room temperature (hemoglobin 13.2 gr/dl; erythrocytes 1,91 X 10(6) mm-3 and MCH 69.1 pg; MCV 120 fl and hematocrit 23.8%) but not at 37 degrees C (13.2; 4.15 and 31.8; 92 and 39.3, respectively). In the daughter myringitis, pharyngitis, cervical lymphadenopathy and splenomegaly were observed. Cold agglutinins and serologic evidence for mycoplasma pneumoniae infection were demonstrable in all three. Treatment with Tetracycline (parents) and Erythromycin (child) was effective.
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PMID:[Familial Mycoplasma pneumonia. The varied picture of pulmonary and extrapulmonary manifestations]. 311 25

During 3 trials, using affected pigs of various ages, tiamulin was evaluated for treatment of experimentally induced mycoplasmal pneumonia. Pneumonia was induced in respiratory tract disease-free swine by intratracheal inoculation of a lung homogenate containing Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae. Eleven days after inoculation, when more than 20% of pigs were coughing, pigs were allotted to 3 or 4 groups (n = 8 pigs each) and were given regimens of no medication or 60 mg, 120 mg, or 180 mg of tiamulin/L of drinking water for 10 days. Twenty-one days after cessation of medication, pigs were euthanatized and then were necropsied. Results obtained from the 3 trials did not indicate significant difference among treatment groups in severity of macroscopic or microscopic lesions induced by M hyopneumoniae or in detection of M hyopneumoniae by use of immunofluorescent technique. Clinical evaluations, daily gain, and feed efficiency did not differ significantly among treatment groups. In this study, tiamulin administration did not have beneficial effects in swine with mycoplasmal pneumonia.
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PMID:Evaluation of tiamulin for treatment of mycoplasmal pneumonia in swine. 317 Mar 19


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