Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0010200 (cough)
 23,843 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

53 children with infective pericarditis were seen at the University College Hospital, Ibadan, between 1967 and 1976. Their ages ranged from 10 days to 15 years but 53% of them were aged 5 years and below. Cough, fever, and breathlessness were the most common symptoms; cardiac decompensation was evident in over 30% of them, 23% had muffled heart sounds, but a pericardial friction rub was audible in only one. The main pathogens identified were Mycobacterium tuberculosis (11 cases), Staphylococcus aureus (11 cases), Escherichia coli (4 cases), Pneumococcus and Pseudomonas (3 cases each). Most of the patients had some other associated infection--such as, bronchopneumonia (12 cases), empyema thoracis (10 cases), lung abscess (10 cases), septicaemis (6 cases), and osteomyelitis (3 cases). Errors in diagnosis were common, the diagnosis having been missed in 72% of the cases identified at necropsy. Even if the correct diagnosis had been made during life and appropriate treatment given, the mortality rate (36%) was high. It is suggested that the onset of cardiac failure in any child with bronchopneumonia, empyema, or lung abscess should always arouse a suspicion of infective pericarditis.
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PMID:Infective pericarditis in Nigerian children. 47 15

A 63-year-old man with a history of increasing cough with sputum, weight loss, and lethargy was found to have pulmonary disease caused by Mycobacterium xenopi, a species rarely seen in Australia. Chemotherapy was successful. Apart from war service in Papua New Guinea, the patient had not travelled outside Australia.
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PMID:Pulmonary disease caused by Mycobacterium xenopi in an Australian man. 51 23

The clinical records of 7 patients referred to the National Jewish Hospital and Research Center over a 6-year period for evaluation of an abnormal chest x-ray and repeated sputum isolates of rapidly growing mycobacteria (Runyon's Group IV) were reviewed to determine the potential pathogenicity of these organisms. Mycobacterium fortuitum was isolated from 5 patients and Mycobacterium chelonei from 2. Haemoptysis, cough and weight loss were prominent in 6. Three had rheumatoid arthritis. Although two demonstrated cutaneous anergy, lymphocyte responsiveness to PHA was normal. PPD-F was not useful in skin testing or in the in vitro evaluation of lymphocyte function. Histologic examination of the lungs of 2 patients demonstrated caseating granulomata. One patient died of massive pulmonary haemorrhage soon after intiation of therapy. Multi-drug treatment regimens generally resulted in progressive sterilization of the sutum and improvement in the appearance of the chest x-ray. We conclude that some rapidly growing mycobacteria can cause potentially fatal cavitary lung disease and that intensive anti-tuberculosis therapy may successfully alter its course.
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PMID:The pathogenicity of Mycobacterium fortuitum and Mycobacterium chelonei in man: a report of seven cases. 94

Evidence from many countries suggests an association of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and tuberculosis of major public health significance. In order to begin assessing the impact of HIV on tuberculosis in Kenya, we have determined the HIV-1 seroprevalence among tuberculosis patients and compared the clinical characteristics of tuberculosis in HIV-positive and HIV-negative patients in two cross-sectional studies at the Infectious Disease Hospital (IDH) and the Ngaira Avenue Chest Clinic (NACC), Nairobi, Kenya. The diagnosis in 92% of all patients with pulmonary tuberculosis was confirmed by culture. The remainder were diagnosed on histological, clinical or radiological grounds. HIV seroprevalence among tuberculosis patients at IDH was 26.5% (52/196) compared to 9.2% (18/195) at NACC (P less than 0.001). There was no association between numbers of streptomycin injections in the previous 5 years and HIV infection. Positive sputum smear rates in HIV-positive patients were slightly lower than in HIV-negative patients at both study sites (71% vs 83% at IDH and 73% vs 82% at NACC) but the difference was not significant. Only Mycobacterium tuberculosis was isolated. Miliary disease was not associated with HIV infection. Persistent diarrhoea, oral candidiasis, generalized itchy rash, herpes zoster and generalized lymphadenopathy were all associated with HIV infection, but 46% (95% CI:38-54%) of all HIV-positive patients had none of the clinical features listed in the WHO Clinical Criteria for the Diagnosis of AIDS, apart from fever, cough and weight loss. Stevens-Johnson Syndrome was reported in 7/52 (13%) patients with HIV infection, and in 4/144 (3%) patients without (RR 4.85, 95% CI: 1.45-15.88).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Cross-sectional survey of HIV infection among patients with tuberculosis in Nairobi, Kenya. 138 70

A 67-year-old man was admitted to our hospital because of cough and sputum. Chest X-ray revealed cavity and consolidation in the right upper lobe. Microscopical examination of stained specimens of sputum disclosed acid-fast bacilli (Mycobacterium tuberculosis). Cough and sputum resolved and cultures of sputum did not yield M. tuberculosis a month after administration of antituberculosis agents. However, a mass shadow in the right upper lobe was found 3 months later. Bronchofiberscopy revealed a polyp with a stalk at the orifice of right upper bronchus, which was elastic, soft in consistency, smooth surfaced, and movable. The pathological findings of the polyp showed non-specific inflammatory granulation which suggested to be inflammatory bronchial polyp. It was appeared in the healing process of bronchial tuberculosis.
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PMID:[A case of inflammatory bronchial polyp associated with pulmonary and bronchial tuberculosis]. 140 84

A 17-year-old man was admitted with a 5-month history of intermittent dyspnea on exertion, 10 kg weight loss, cough, sputa and fever. He did not smoke, had no apparent underlying pulmonary disease, and was not immunocompromised. Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from sputa at admission. Chest radiograph showed many thin-walled cavities and infiltration in the bilateral middle and upper fields. Chest CT detected multiple cystic lesions that were not revealed in conventional X-ray. It was suggested that the formation of the cystic lesions was one of the predisposing factor of Mycobacterium fortuitum pulmonary infection in this patient. The pneumonic change improved after six-month treatment using isoniazid, rifampicin and streptomycin, despite in vitro resistance of the bacilli to all of these drugs.
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PMID:[Mycobacterium fortuitum pulmonary infection in a healthy 17-year-old man]. 143 23

A retrospective study was conducted at the Childrens Hospital Center at Jackson Memorial Hospital in Miami, FL, to evaluate the natural history of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in nine children with vertically acquired human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection. The patients' ages ranged from 6 months to 7 years (median age, 42 months). Common presenting symptoms included prolonged fever, cough and anorexia. Only one patient had a positive tuberculin test. Five patients evidenced only pulmonary disease, three patients had pulmonary and extrapulmonary disease and one patient developed extrapulmonary tuberculosis (mastoiditis) and pulmonary interstitial disease that could not be attributed to mycobacterial infection because of lack of information. Organisms isolated before January, 1989, were susceptible to isoniazid and rifampin whereas isolates from three patients cultured after that time were resistant to multiple antituberculosis drugs. The median survival time after M. tuberculosis diagnosis for all children was 20 months. Our study suggests that children with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection who have tuberculosis have an increased risk for extrapulmonary disease. A high index of suspicion for the diagnosis of M. tuberculosis should be maintained in human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected children with prolonged fever and respiratory symptoms. In areas of high endemicity of multidrug-resistant organisms, therapy with a broader panel of drugs may need to be instituted until susceptibility testing becomes available.
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PMID:Mycobacterium tuberculosis in children with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection. 145 38

A 42-year-old woman was admitted because of cough, sputum, and fever. A chest roentgenogram revealed a nodular density in the left upper lung field with satellite lesions compatible with tuberculoma. Mycobacterium tuberculosis was detected from sputum. Five weeks after starting the treatment with 0.4 g/day of isoniazid, 0.45 g/day of rifampicin, and 0.75 g/day of streptomycin, she showed itching erythema in the trunk. The white blood cell count was 4,500/mm3 with 14% eosinophils, and serum transaminases were slightly increased (GOT 101 U/L, GPT 74 U/L). Although isoniazid and rifampicin were stopped, the erythema with exfoliation spread to her extremities, suggesting exfoliative dermatitis. The white blood cell count reached 15,990/mm3 with 68% eosinophils (10,810/mm3). Stimulation indices measured with the lymphocyte stimulation test (LST) were 109% with rifampicin, 140% with isoniazid, and 275% with streptomycin, suggesting streptomycin-induced allergy. After cessation of streptomycin, the symptoms gradually improved. After the reaction had subsided, the treatment with isoniazid, rifampicin, and ethambutol was resumed, but she showed no further adverse reactions. LST seems to be very useful to identify the drug or drugs responsible for the reactions occurred during the treatment by antituberculosis drugs.
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PMID:[A case of pulmonary tuberculosis associated with severe skin eruption, prominent eosinophilia, and liver dysfunction induced by streptomycin]. 153 89

Between 1984-1991, physicians at Hospital del Mar in Barcelona, Spain and the area with the highest prevalence of tuberculosis (TB) diagnosed active pulmonary nondisseminated TB in 57 HIV infected patients. 3 of these patients consistently had normal chest radiographs. All 3 patients had fever and cough. Case 1 was a 26 year old female intravenous (IV) drug user. She had generalized lymphadenopathy. Hematologic tests revealed an HIV positive status. Her CD4+ lymphocyte count was 782 x 10 to the 6th power/1. Her tuberculin skin test was negative. Mycobacterium tuberculosis in her sputum grew in Lowenstein medium. Acid fast bacilli were detected in her sputum with Ziehl-Nielsen stain. Physicians began antiTB therapy (isoniazid, pyrazinamide, rifampin, and ethambutol). She improved within a few weeks. Case 2 was an HIV positive IV drug user and 33 years old. The CD4+ lymphocyte count was 645 x 10 to the 6th power/1. Acid fast bacilli were detected in his bronchoalveolar lavage with Ziehl-Nielsen stain. M. Tuberculosis in the lavage grew in Lowenstein medium. The physicians started him on the same antiTB therapy as Case 1. His condition improved with therapy. Case 3 was a 50 year old bisexual man. Hematologic tests showed HIV positivity. His CD4+ lymphocyte count was 790 x 10 to the 6th power/1. Further his tuberculin skin test was negative. Fibre optic bronchoscopic samples were negative for acid fast bacilli, but M. tuberculosis grew in Lowenstein culture. Blood, urine, bone marrow and gastric aspirates tested negative for M. tuberculosis. He began the same antiTB therapy as Cases 1 and 2. His condition improved. In conclusion, physicians should aggressively pursue a diagnosis to TB in HIV infected patients presenting with fever and cough. Their rate of hospitalization should fall with early diagnosis and treatment which will in turn prevent the spread of TB among the population.
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PMID:Pulmonary tuberculosis in HIV-infected patients with normal chest radiographs. 154 71

A patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) was admitted to a hospital with cough and fever and after 29 days was transferred to a hospice. He was eventually shown to have active pulmonary tuberculosis. This diagnosis was obscured clinically by simultaneous infection with Pneumocystis carinii and Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC). Laboratory recognition of Mycobacterium tuberculosis was delayed because of overgrowth of cultures by MAC but was later established using DNA probe techniques. Thirty (19 percent) of 158 health care workers who had been exposed to this patient had conversion of their tuberculin skin tests. Diagnostic difficulties and nosocomial transmission of tuberculosis may occur when patients with AIDS have mixed mycobacterial infections.
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PMID:Transmission of tuberculosis to hospital workers by a patient with AIDS. 173 2


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