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Query: UMLS:C0010200 (cough)
 23,843 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Pulmonary actinomycosis is a chronic pulmonary infection caused by Actinomyces, a Gram-positive, microaerophilic bacterium. Pulmonary involvement, other than cervicofacially or abdominopelvically, is uncommon and often leads to a misdiagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis or lung cancer. In order to investigate the clinical, radiological, diagnostic and therapeutic characteristics of pulmonary actinomycosis, we reviewed a total of 25 cases reported in Korea. Thirteen were diagnosed at our hospital between 1985 and 1997 and 12 were reported in Korean publications. The condition occurred most frequently in middle-aged males, the most common symptom being haemoptysis, followed by cough and sputum. The main radiological features were peripherally located mass or nodule and consolidation, with central low attenuation. Complications such as empyema, sinus fistula or mediastinitis did not occur. Diagnosis was confirmed by percutaneous needle aspiration (n = 8), bronchoscopic biopsy (n = 3) or thoracotomy (n = 13). Eleven of 25 cases were treated medically and in nine others, surgical resection was followed by treatment with antibiotics. In conclusion, when a middle-aged male patient presents with haemoptysis and cough, together with radiologic findings of a peripheral mass or nodule with/without central low attenuation, pulmonary actinomycosis should be suspected.
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PMID:Pulmonary actinomycosis in Korea. 1033 28

Granulomatous mediastinitis is a rare condition, and tuberculosis and fungal infections are the most important causes of this potentially lethal condition. Tuberculous mediastinitis usually presents with fever, cough, dyspnoea and rarely, florid features of obstruction to intra-thoracic structures are seen. A case of tuberculous mediastinitis presenting as a suprasternal lump, a rare presentation, is described here.
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PMID:Tuberculous mediastinitis: a rare presentation. 1063 64

A 61-year-old woman who was a New York City hospital employee developed fatal inhalational anthrax, but with an unknown source of anthrax exposure. The patient presented with shortness of breath, malaise, and cough that had developed 3 days prior to admission. Within hours of presentation, she developed respiratory failure and septic shock and required mechanical ventilation and vasopressor therapy. Spiral contrast-enhanced computed tomography of the chest demonstrated large bilateral pleural effusions and hemorrhagic mediastinitis. Blood cultures, as well as DNA amplification by polymerase chain reaction of the blood, bronchial washings, and pleural fluid specimens, were positive for Bacillus anthracis. The clinical course was complicated by liver failure, renal failure, severe metabolic acidosis, disseminated intravascular coagulopathy, and cardiac tamponade, and the patient died on the fourth hospital day. The cause of death was inhalational anthrax. Despite epidemiologic investigation, including environmental samples from the patient's residence and workplace, no mechanism for anthrax exposure has been identified.
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PMID:Fatal inhalational anthrax with unknown source of exposure in a 61-year-old woman in New York City. 1185 84

A 55 year old female was admitted as a case of pyrexia of unknown origin (PUO) of 2 months duration. She had developed throat ache, progressive dysphagia for both solids and liquids, dry cough and retrosternal pain for one week. Examination revealed fever, tachycardia, tachypnoea and a soft tissue warm tender, erythematous, non-fluctuant swelling in lower anterior neck with chest findings suggestive of bilateral pleural effusion. Plain X-rays of the neck and chest strengthened the clinical suspicion of cellulitis of lower neck with bilateral pleural effusion. CT scan confirmed the radiologic findings and also revealed pericardial effusion and thickening; small mediastinal lymphadenopathy and mediastinitis. Patient responded to parenteral antibiotics (ceftriaxone and metronidazole) and hydrocortisone with complete resolution in 10 days.
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PMID:Mediastinitis presenting as pyrexia of unknown origin. 1272 60

Ingestion of foreign bodies occurs frequently in children, but there are no definite management guidelines. We reviewed 42 pediatric cases of accidental ingestion of foreign bodies with or without symptoms during the past 10 years. In decreasing order of frequency, the foreign bodies included: coins, sharp objects (needle, pin), bones (fish and chicken bone), metal object, food, seeds, plastic material, magnets, jewelry ring, and others. The majority of children were 5 years old or younger. At the time of presentation, the vast majority of objects were located in the esophagus. Sixty percent of the patients had symptoms, such as abdominal pain, vomiting and cough. Management included observation, esophagoscopy, panendoscopy, and laparotomy. Four patients (9.5%) had complications. One patient who ingested a magnet suffered from esophageal perforation with mediastinitis. Two had deep neck abscess due to esophageal penetration by bones. Another patient had hemorrhagic gastritis after swallowing a coin. All patients discharged after treatment, and none died.
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PMID:Management of foreign body ingestion in children: experience with 42 cases. 1496 81

Idiopathic fibrosing mediastinitis is a rare entity involving more severely the more compliant structures within the mediastinum. In this report a rare case of simultaneous involvement of both the superior vena cava (SVC) and pulmonary veins is described in a 16--year old male with progressive dyspnea on exertion, cough and a three months' history of blood--tinged sputum. Physical examination and imaging studies revealed signs of pulmonary venous hypertension (PVH) and SVC stenosis. Fibrosing mediastinitis was confirmed by multiple biopsy samples.
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PMID:Fibrosing mediastinitis causing rapidly progressive dyspnea, pulmonary edema and death in a 16 yr old male. 1551 Jul 14

An unusual case of fibrosing mediastinitis with obstruction of the inferior and superior left pulmonary veins and severe narrowing of the right pulmonary artery, disclosed after unilateral pulmonary edema, is described. The 18-year-old male patient had a long history of cough, progressive dyspnea and recurrent hemoptysis and the possible diagnosis of "interstitial fibrosis" from a previous lung biopsy. The diagnosis and the pulmonary vessels involvement were suspected after right heart catheterization combined with transesophageal echocardiography and confirmed during urgent thoracotomy and at postmortem examination.
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PMID:Unilateral pulmonary edema due to pulmonary venous obstruction from fibrosing mediastinitis. 1652 Jan 36

Malignancy is the most common cause of the superior vena cava (SVC) syndrome. With the increasing use of intravascular devices, the incidence of the SVC syndrome arising from benign etiologies is increasing. We reviewed the etiology and outcome of 78 patients with SVC syndrome over 5 years. Malignancy was the etiology in 60% of the cases, and bronchogenic carcinoma was the most common malignancy. Small cell and non-small cell lung cancer accounted for 17 (22%) and 19 (24%) cases, respectively, but a higher percentage of patients with small-cell lung cancer developed the syndrome (6% vs 1%). Lymphoma and germ cell tumors were other significant malignant causes (8% and 3% of cases, respectively). An intravascular device was the most common etiology in benign cases (22 of 31 cases; 71%), with fibrosing mediastinitis the second most common benign etiology (6 cases). The most frequent signs and symptoms were face or neck swelling (82%), upper extremity swelling (68%), dyspnea (66%), cough (50%), and dilated chest vein collaterals (38%). Dyspnea at rest, cough, and chest pain were more frequent in the patients with malignancy. Procedures performed for diagnostic or treatment purposes did not increase morbidity or mortality.
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PMID:The superior vena cava syndrome: clinical characteristics and evolving etiology. 1652 51

A rare case of fibrosing mediastinitis from histoplasmosis with extrinsic compression of the right pulmonary artery is reported. A 41-year-old patient presented with worsening symptoms of cough, fever, migratory arthralgia, chest pain, and progressive dyspnea. The pulmonary artery involvement was suspected by transthoracic echo and was confirmed by transesophageal echo, CT scan of chest, and right heart catheterization. Diagnosis of histoplasmosis was confirmed by biopsy and serological tests. Patient has been free from symptoms of pulmonary stenosis for 4 years after successful pulmonary artery stenting.
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PMID:Fibrosing mediastinitis presenting as pulmonary stenosis: stenting works. 1739 16

A one-and-a-half year old boy who presented with a cough, irritability, and refusal of food was found to have an impacted foreign body in his upper esophagus. We present the radiologic findings of the foreign body (a button battery) impacted in the upper esophagus and its complications; namely, mediastinitis and spondylodiscitis after endoscopic removal. Further, plain radiograph and MR imaging findings are discussed along with literature review.
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PMID:Spondylodiscitis complicated by the ingestion of a button battery: a case report. 1903 73


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