Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0010200 (cough)
 23,843 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Measles is the most contagious of the childhood exanthems and is the leading cause of vaccine-preventable deaths in children, mostly in developing countries. The prodromal stage, consisting of high fever and the triad of cough, coryza, and conjunctivitis, is followed by a caudal progressing rash over a period of 2 to 3 days. With a worldwide vaccination program in place, mortality and morbidity have decreased substantially. Receipt of the live attenuated vaccine generally causes no or only mild side effects such as a low-grade fever and a subtle rash. We report a 1-year-old boy who, 10 days after vaccination, developed vaccine measles which was clinically indistinguishable from the natural disease. Vaccine virus was detected by polymerase chain reaction in the patient's nasopharyngeal secretions.
 ...
PMID:Vaccine-associated "wild-type" measles. 1580 1

In most low-income countries, clinical assessment is the only tool available to distinguish an upper respiratory infection (cough or cold) from pneumonia requiring antibiotics. The severity of the pneumonia, determined from the clinical signs, will determine which patients require more potent antibiotic regimens and supplementary oxygen. Careful assessment of the respiratory rate, chest in-drawing, ability to feed normally, cyanosis and level of consciousness are used to make the diagnosis of pneumonia and determine the severity. Co-morbid disease such as malnutrition, measles, HIV infection and malaria increase mortality due to pneumonia, and signs of these diseases must be looked for so that appropriate treatment can be started. This article carefully describes the signs that should be looked for in children presenting with a cough or difficult breathing to any health care worker.
 ...
PMID:Assessing the child with cough or difficult breathing. 1610 27

On May 29, 2005, the Indiana State Department of Health (ISDH) was notified of suspected measles in a female Indiana resident aged 6 years who was hospitalized in Cincinnati, Ohio, where she had been visiting relatives. Serologic analyses performed by the Ohio State Department of Health Laboratory and a private reference laboratory confirmed the diagnosis of measles. The hospital in Cincinnati and the girl's parents told ISDH she had been at a church gathering in northwestern Indiana on May 15 where a fellow attendee had been ill. This fellow attendee was an adolescent girl aged 17 years, an Indiana resident who had not been vaccinated for measles and who had worked during May 4--14 as a missionary in an orphanage and hospital in Bucharest, Romania, where a large measles outbreak was subsequently reported. The teen had returned to the United States with prodromal fever, cough, conjunctivitis, and coryza, traveling on international and domestic commercial airliners on May 14. The next day the teen attended the church gathering along with others who had not been vaccinated because of nonmedical exemptions. Family members recalled that the teen had a rash on May 16; measles was diagnosed retrospectively, and the teen was identified as the index patient. An outbreak investigation was conducted by ISDH and CDC. This report summarizes 1) the results of that investigation, which identified 34 persons with measles, including three who required hospitalization, 2) the measures taken to control and prevent measles transmission, and 3) recommendations to prevent future cases of measles.
 ...
PMID:Import-associated measles outbreak--Indiana, May-June 2005. 1625 62

The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical, epidemiological and demographical features of adult measles cases admitted to our hospital, during the measles epidemic which emerged in Europe and in our country in the year 2001. A total of 35 adult measles cases (10 male, 25 female) ages between 16-36 (mean age: 23.1 +/- 4.6) years were detected between January and June 2001. The diagnosis was based on the clinical findings, however only 11 of the cases could be serologically confirmed with the presence of measles IgM antibody positivities. Fever (91.4%), cough (94.3%) and conjunctivitis (77.1%) were the most common symptoms. All of the patients had maculopapular rash, and the presence of Koplik spots, lymphadenopathy and hepatomegaly were observed in 77.1%, 57.1%, and 5.7% of patients, respectively. Leukopenia and elevated liver enzymes were detected in 28.5% and 37.2% of the patients, respectively. Pneumonia was the most common complication which was seen in 20% of the patients. Of the cases 2.9% exhibited otitis media and 17.1% diarrhea. Spontaneous abortus occurred in one of the three pregnant women. In conclusion, measles is still an important public health problem in our country, and since it may lead to severe complications and economic and labor loss, an effective elimination programme should be obtained by the use of vaccine in two doses and effective strategies for the immunization of the target populations.
 ...
PMID:[Evaluation of 35 adult measles cases detected in a measles outbreak]. 1742 55

The measles virus (MV) causes half a million childhood deaths annually. Vitamin A supplements significantly reduce measles-associated mortality and morbidity. The mechanisms whereby vitamin A acts against MV are not understood and currently there is no satisfactory small animal model for MV infection. We report on the development of a ferret model to study antiviral activity of vitamin A against canine distemper virus (CDV). CDV is closely related to MV at the molecular level and distemper in ferrets mimics measles in humans. We infected vitamin A-replete (control) and vitamin A-depleted ferrets with CDV and assessed the ability of high-dose vitamin A supplements to influence CDV disease. In control ferrets, CDV infection caused fever, rash, conjunctivitis, cough, coryza, and diarrhea. In contrast, control ferrets that were given 30 mg of vitamin A did not develop typical distemper after infection and exhibited only a mild rash. The supplement did not negatively affect ferret health and resulted in a 100% increase in serum and liver vitamin A concentrations. We also found that profound vitamin A deficiency is inducible in ferrets and can be rapidly reversed upon high-dose vitamin A supplementation. Vitamin A deficiency caused anorexia, diarrhea, cataracts, behavioral abnormalities, and ultimately death, with or without CDV infection. All ferrets that received vitamin A supplements, however, recovered uneventfully from CDV infection. These results replicate many aspects of the observations of vitamin A therapy in humans with measles and suggest that CDV infection in ferrets is an appropriate model for the study of the antiviral mechanism of vitamin A.
 ...
PMID:Disease manifestations of canine distemper virus infection in ferrets are modulated by vitamin A status. 1763 64

Measles is a highly contagious disease characterized by a prodromal illness of fever, coryza, cough, and conjunctivitis followed by the appearance of a generalized maculopapular rash. Despite the availability of an effective and safe live attenuated vaccine, measles remains a cause of continuing outbreaks in Japan. Measles often accompanies diverse complications, including pneumonitis, otitis media, and central nervous system involvement. Neurological complications of measles includes ADEM, MIBE, and SSPE. MIBE and SSPE have unfavorable prognosis, which are caused by persistent infection of particular mutants of measles virus (MV) in brain. In SSPE patients, measles antibody titer increase in cerebrospinal fluid and serum. Primary vaccine failure and secondary vaccine failure may be a major cause of outbreaks in Japan, therefore, promotion of vaccination should be emphasized. 2 doses vaccination methods began in Japan in 2006, and supplementary vaccination program at 12 and 18 years old begins from 2008. Protection level of antibody titer varies according to the antibody measurement methods. NT provides the best correlate for protection from infection, however, needs complicated procedure. PA is chosen for the surveillance method in Japan, and 1:128 or over seems protection level. To protect health-care associated infection of MV, all health care worker under 35 years old should be vaccinated if not have adequate immunity.
 ...
PMID:[Pathophysiology and laboratory findings in measles]. 1831 31

Recent legislative texts have changed vaccinal policy and reinforced the role of midwives in vaccine prevention in perinatal healthcare. Quite as paediatricians and obstetricians-gynecologists, midwives can now prescribe and carry out, for the mothers, vaccines against rubella, tetanus, poliomyelitis, diphtheria, hepatitis B, influenza and whooping-cough and for the newborns vaccines against hepatitis B and tuberculosis. Concerning vaccinations, practitioners have to respect the vaccination calendar and a collaborative action is useful and necessary. These national guidelines are regularly updated when new vaccines and new recommendations come to light, for example for children (papillomavirus, tuberculosis, pneumococcus...), young adults (varicella, whooping-cough) and health professions in contact with very young children (varicella, measles, influenza and whooping-cough). The recent changes in tuberculosis prevention from routine vaccination of all newborn infants to selective vaccination lead to reinforce measures to detect the infants at higher risk, for them to be vaccinated before discharge at home. Midwives and nurses occupy a central place in family policy and become, with obstetricians-gynecologists and pediatricians, key actors for the effectiveness and the success of vaccine strategies in perinatal health.
 ...
PMID:[Vaccine prevention in perinatal health care: parents, children and professionals]. 1841 9

In the present study, to elucidate an outbreak of measles in Saitama City, Japan, we analyzed the data for all notified subjects with measles. According to an active surveillance program, a total of 464 subjects were notified in 2007. The clinical criteria for the diagnosis of measles were defined as at least 3 days of a generalized maculopapular rash; a fever of 38.0 degrees C or more; and cough, mucus, or pharyngitis. Two peaks according to age group were recognized: namely, children less than 2 years of age and adolescents from 15 to 19 years of age. The latter peak was associated with the period of time when the measles-mumps-rubella vaccine had become a social problem (40.9% of vaccinees and 41.6% of non-vaccinees in this group). Japan is said to be a developing country regarding its measles vaccination strategy. In addition, no national program against measles has yet been established. Continuous efforts to increase immunization coverage are needed to interrupt indigenous measles transmission. The Japanese Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare should therefore plan and implement a nationwide program to eliminate measles in Japan.
 ...
PMID:An outbreak of measles in Saitama City in 2007. What is the vaccination strategy to eliminate measles in Japan? 1870 32

We present the cases of 23- and 38-year-old healthy patients with clinical diagnosis of acute measles who experienced shortness of breath on exertion with nonproductive cough and showed signs of mild respiratory failure at presentation in the emergency department (ED) but with normal chest radiograph and auscultation. In both cases, bedside ultrasound of the lung showed the appearance of signs of interstitial diffuse involvement with vertical B lines spread all over the lateral and posterior chest wall. This sonographic pattern is typical of the interstitial involvement during acute viral pneumonitis that can be missed by physical examination and chest radiography. Even without radiologic infiltrates and pulmonary sounds, based on sonographic and arterial gas signs, a diagnosis of measles pneumonitis was done and patients admitted to the ward for close follow-up and supportive care. We hypothesize a new diagnostic role of bedside lung sonography in screening patients presenting to the ED with initial lung involvement in measles who warrant close follow-up and hospital admission.
 ...
PMID:Sonographic detection of radio-occult interstitial lung involvement in measles pneumonitis. 1904 53

Ethnobotanical knowledge is one of the precious cultural heritage parts of an area that involves the interaction between plants and people and foremost among these are the management of plant diversity by indigenous communities and the traditional use of medicinal plants. An ethnobotanical analysis was conducted in order to document the traditional medicinal uses of plants, particularly medicinally important folklore food phytonims of flora of Samahni valley, Azad Kashmir (Pakistan). In the valley, inhabitants use different taxa of flora in two different ways; herbal medicines and food (vegetable and fruits) medicines. The distinctive geographic position and historic demological background of the area keep folk phytotherapy potential of medicinal herbs hitherto alive, which are used in various forms; as regular herbal medicines prescribed by Hakeems (herbal practitioners) and as food (medicines) recepies suggested by elder people. Among these, some herbs are used as single remedy while others depict better curative effects in synergistic mode against various ailments. Some interesting and uncommon findings are as; Sisymbrium irio is used for treatment of measles, asthma; Solanum miniatum to cure urinary calculi, heart pain, rheumatism, Momordica balsamina leaves as wound healer; Allium sativum bulb juice as anti cancer, contraceptive, blood pressure; Boerhavia diffusa roots as anti jaundice, anemia, edema; Capsicum annuum fruit as omen against evil eye and giant, yellow fever; Corriandrum sativum seeds as diuretic, anti spermatogenesis; Raphanus sativus seeds against syphilis; Solanum miniatum fruit for treatment of enlarged spleen and liver; seed's oil of Pisum sativum as anti spermatogenesis; Bauhinia variegata for skin diseases, ulcers; Malva sylvestris for cough, bladder ulcer; Phoenix sylvestris kernel as anti-aging tonic; Phyllanthus emblica for diuretic, anemia, biliousness; Terminalia chebula to cure chronic ulcers, carious teeth pain, heart problems; Veronica anthelmintica for bandage of broken bones and Withania coagulans is used to treat small pox. Many wild plants are eaten green and raw as salad, or in boiled form of soup as blood and intestine cleansing tonics. Moreover, some plants are spiritually recorded as sacred and used as ritual plant for good omens or against the evil eye and removal of giant. About 95 species of 38 families were recorded to be important part of phyto heritage of folk pharmacopoeia of Samahni valley. Among most frequent used families are Papilionaceae 9.47%, Solanaceae and Poaceae 8.42% each, Cucurbitaceae 7.36% and Brassicaceae and Rosaceae 6.31% each. Among the surveyed families used to treat various diseases, Solanaceae is at first rank with 9.74%, Brassicaceae 8.23% and Cucurbitaceae 7.39% subsequently. Most commonly used families with highest percentage of plants used as food medicines are Solanaceae (11.37%), Brassicaceae (8.38%) and Papilionaceae (7.18%) respectively. Most frequent plant parts used are; roots, leaves, seeds and flowers while popular forms of plants uses are decoction, poultice, infusions, soups and raw form as salad. Importance of ethnobotanical inventory constructed from ethnomedicinal uses and folklore phytonims of flora in perspectives of initiative for future phytochemical and pharmacological research on these taxa to develop and discover of new drugs is present and discussed.
 ...
PMID:An ethnomedicinal survey and documentation of important medicinal folklore food phytonims of flora of Samahni valley, (Azad Kashmir) Pakistan. 1907 Jan 89


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>