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Query: UMLS:C0010200 (cough)
 23,843 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Captive coyotes (Canis latrans) were inoculated intragastrically (1 coyote), and intratracheally (6 coyotes) with Histoplasma capsulatum to simulate natural routes of exposure. In addition, the infectious organism was inoculated IV into another coyote and into a dog (C familiaris) to simulate hematogenous dissemination of H capsulatum. Isolation of the pathogen from various tissue specimens, using direct plating and mouse inoculation methods, provided mycologic evidence of infection. The presence of anti-Histoplasma serum antibodies also was monitored. Of the 6 coyotes challenged intratracheally, one developed a benign pulmonary form of histoplasmosis. This coyote developed a transient cough, and intracellular yeasts typical of H capsulatum were observed microscopically in pulmonary tissue specimens. The pathogen was isolated from specimens of pulmonary tissue and associated lymph nodes. The coyote that was fed Histoplasma-infected mice (intragastric challenge) did not develop clinical disease. The coyote and the dog inoculated IV developed a multifocal, nonsuppurative infection, without clinical evidence of histoplasmosis. Pathologic findings in the coyote and dog were similar; both animals had splenitis, lymphadenitis, and petechiation of the lungs. The liver and spleen were considered the primary extrapulmonary target organs on the basis of mycologic and histologic findings.
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PMID:Experimentally induced Histoplasma capsulatum infection in coyotes and a dog. 350 36

A 43-year-old German man suffered from an insect bite, which was followed by a severe local inflammation and lymphadenitis. A year later, he developed dry cough, chest pain, and an oligoarthritis of the ankle and knee joints. While other causes of the symptoms could be excluded, serologic findings suggested a dirofilarial infection with reactive arthritis due to the parasite. The observation points out, that in cases of unclassifiable mono- or oligoarthritis, reactive arthritis due to parasites should be considered in the spectrum of differential diagnoses. The disease is rare at present, but its frequency might be underestimated because of the diagnostic difficulties. Dirofilarial infection should be borne in mind after a stay abroad. The present case, however, shows, that the disease also occurs in patients who had not travelled to regions of risk in recent years.
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PMID:Human dirofilariasis with reactive arthritis--case report and review of the literature. 362 38

The experience with nontuberculous mycobacterial disease at an "acute-care" hospital in southern California between 1971 and 1981 is reported. Forty-five patients with nontuberculous mycobacterial or Mycobacterium bovis-caused disease were identified by retrospective review. Of these, 31 patients (69%) had pulmonary infection alone, nine (20%) had cervical lymphadenitis, two (4%) had disseminated disease, two (4%) had cutaneous infection, and one had soft tissue infection. Nonmycobacterial pulmonary disease was noted in 15 (33%) of the patients and underlying malignant neoplasms were noted in eight (18%). Symptoms most frequently reported at initial examinations of patients with pulmonary disease were cough, weight loss, sputum production, and fatigue. Response to therapy was more successful in patients with Mycobacterium kansasii-caused disease than in those with Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare-caused pulmonary disease. We conclude that nontuberculous mycobacterial disease is not rare in the general hospital setting in southern California.
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PMID:Nontuberculous mycobacterial disease. Experience in a southern California hospital. 633 73

Corynebacterium equi, an aerobic, variably acid-fast, gram-positive "diphtheroid," is an unusual cause of pulmonary infection in immunosuppressed patients. Initially, infection with C. equi may be mistaken for a mycobacterial infection. Two cases in a two-year period were observed and compared with the 10 cases previously reported in the literature. All but one patient had pulmonary involvement, and the presentation of all other patients was typically insidious, with fatigue, fever, and nonproductive cough. Chest roentgenograms showed cavitary lesions in seven of 11 patients. Four of 12 patients had associated bacteremias, and three of 12 had subcutaneous abscesses or lymphadenitis. One of our patients developed multiple brain abscesses. Overall mortality was 25%. The organism is susceptible to vancomycin, erythromycin, aminoglycosides, and chloramphenicol. Optimal duration of antibiotic therapy and the proper role of surgery in treatment is uncertain, but relapses have been common and many weeks of antibiotic therapy have generally been required for cure.
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PMID:Corynebacterium equi: a review of 12 cases of human infection. 665 80

This report has emphasized the importance of a careful evaluation of the chest roentgenogram for lymphadenopathy in children with wheezing, cough, or other symptoms of lower airway disease. This patient report also illustrates that intrathoracic lymphadenitis caused by nontuberculous mycobacteria should be considered in children with unexplained airway obstruction.
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PMID:Nontuberculous Mycobacteria subcarinal lymphadenitis and severe airway obstruction. 866 46

In India, an estimated 80% of children are infected with tubercle bacillus by 10 years of age. Elimination of tuberculosis depends on finding all infectious patients and providing them with curative chemotherapy. Pulmonary tuberculosis--the most common form in children--is diagnosed when a child presents with fever, prolonged cough, weight loss, recurrent wheezing, or chest infection; the chest x-ray is suggestive of tuberculosis; and three or more of the following conditions exist: 1) Mantoux test result of 10 mm or more, 2) tuberculosis lymphadenitis by fine needle aspiration cytology, 3) grade III malnutrition, 4) no BCG vaccination, 5) positive family history of tuberculosis, and 6) recent history of pertussis or measles. Recommended, for children with pulmonary tuberculosis, is a regimen of isoniazid, rifampicin, and pyrazinamide daily for 2 months, followed by the first two drugs daily for an additional 4 months. The poor tuberculosis cure rates in most developing countries reflect patient non-compliance with treatment regimens.
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PMID:Current concept in the diagnosis and treatment of childhood pulmonary tuberculosis. 914 78

We studied the prevalence, clinical features, and impact of tuberculosis (TB) on children with nephrotic syndrome (NS). Of the 300 children with NS, 28 (9.3%) were diagnosed as having TB. This occurred following the initiation of immunosuppressive therapy in 27 children, and in 1 child it preceded the onset of NS. Pulmonary involvement was the commonest (22/28), followed by tubercular lymphadenitis (2/28), meningitis (2/28), and occult TB (2/28). Of the various diagnostic criteria, history of previous cough, fever, or exposure to a case of TB (23/28) and chest skiagram (21/28) were the most useful. The occurrence of TB did not induce a relapse or affect the subsequent response to steroid therapy (as is often seen with other infections) or have a deleterious effect on renal function. Patients who received higher doses of steroids (frequent relapsers, steroid dependent, initial non-responders, and subsequent non-responders) had a significantly higher prevalence of TB (19/148) than those who received lower doses (infrequent relapsers 8/151) (P = 0.04). We thus found TB to be an important complication of children with NS in our country. The conventional diagnostic tests, such as Mantoux and acid-fast bacilli isolation, are often unhelpful in these children, and a high index of suspicion is required, especially in children who require frequent courses of steroid therapy.
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PMID:Tuberculosis in childhood nephrotic syndrome in India. 943 45

A study of two hundred cases of tuberculosis over a span of two years was carried out at the pediatric department of a hospital in Islamabad. The diagnosis was based upon history, clinical examination, chest and other relevant radiography, Mantoux test, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and where necessary cerebrospinal, pleural and ascitic fluid examinations and lymph gland histopathology were done. An equal number of male and female children upto 12 years of age were enrolled. The children usually presented with fever, cough, weight loss or failure to thrive and pallor. The most commonly affected age group was between 2-5 years and pulmonary tuberculosis was the most frequent diagnosis followed by tuberculous adenitis.
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PMID:Epidemiology of childhood tuberculosis in a hospital setting. 981 87

The patient was a 25-year-old man who had been admitted to a local hospital due to fever and trachelophyma. Tubercle bacillus was detected in pus culture obtained by biopsy of the trachelophyma, but not in sputum culture. Because combined therapy with 3 antituberculous drugs (RFP, INH and SM) failed to reduce the fever or drainage from the biopsy region, the patient was transferred to our hospital. Chest X-ray films taken on admission revealed dilatation of the superior mediastinal shadow; chest CT images revealed cervical and mediastinal lymphadenopathy and an anterior mediastinal abscess, but no pulmonary lesion. About 2 months after admission, cough developed and Gaffky type 2 was detected in the patients sputum. Bronchoscopy and bronchography revealed a bronchomediastinal fistula. Forty days after the onset of cough, reticulogranular shadows were observed in the right upper lobe on chest X-ray films, and a diffuse centrilobular lesion was observed in the right upper lobe on chest CT images. From these clinical observations, the patient was given a diagnosis of cervical-mediastinal lymph node tuberculosis, which had progressed to pulmonary lesion through a bronchial fistula due to lymphadenitis.
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PMID:[A case of cervical-mediastinal lymph node tuberculosis progressed to pulmonary lesion through a bronchial fistula]. 1006 61

A 22-year-old female noted a low grade fever and swelling of the cervical lymph nodes in May 1997, and later developed a dry cough. She was diagnosed to have interstitial pneumonitis, and then administration of corticosteroids alleviated her symptoms. On February 6, 1998, however, a high fever recurred and her swollen cervical lymph node on the right side was biopsied on February 9, 1998. A histological examination revealed an increased number of histiocytes and karyorrhexis of the lymphocytes in the paracortical areas, and she was therefore diagnosed to have histiocytic necrotizing lymphadenitis. She could not fully elevate her arm on February 16, 1998. On admission, her cervical lymph node was swollen on the left side. A neurological examination revealed a marked weakness of the right deltoid muscle, moderate weakness of the right latissimus dorsi, triceps and brachioradialis muscles and also a mild weakness of the serratus anterior, supra- and infra-spinatus, and biceps brachii muscles. The muscle power of the other muscles were normal and no muscle atrophy was evident. Winging of the right scapula was observed. The deep tendon reflexes were normal in all four limbs, and her sensation was also normal. No cerebellar sign was found. The Jackson, Spurling, Allen, Morley and Adson tests were all negative. ESR was mildly elevated to 18 mm/hr, but CRP was negative. RF, ANA and anti-SS-A and SS-B antibodies were positive, whereas LE-test, direct and indirect Coombs tests and other autoantibodies were negative. Needle EMG disclosed fasciculation potentials in the right triceps muscle and polyphasic waves in the right deltoid muscle. MRI showed gadolinium-enhancement of the right brachial plexus. Although an abnormal accumulation of gallium was detected in the right parotid and bilateral submandibular glands, no sicca symptoms were found and the Schirmer test findings were normal. Oral prednisolone (50 mg/day with gradual tapering) alleviated both her symptoms and the gadolinium-enhancement of the right brachial plexus. As a result, her right upper limb paresis was thus considered to have been caused by right brachial plexus neuritis, which was probably associated with histocytic necrotizing lymphadentis. Although acute cerebellar ataxia and meningitis have previously been reported to be complicated with histiocytic necrotizing lymphadenitis, this is the first report to describe the complication of peripheral neuritis with this condition.
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PMID:[A case of subacute necrotizing lymphadenitis complicated with brachial plexus neuritis]. 1020 79


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