Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0010200 (cough)
 23,843 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A 63-year-old white woman with a history of hypertension and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease presented to the emergency room with worsening shortness of breath, anorexia, coughing, increased thirst, and leg edema of two weeks' duration. Medications included lisinopril 10 mg/d, which had been started six weeks earlier, sustained-release theophylline 300 mg q12h, and an albuterol inhaler. The lisinopril was discontinued on admission. Serum sodium concentration was 109 mmol/L; the osmolality of the blood and of the urine were 253 mOsmol and 438 mOsmol, respectively, with a specific gravity of 1.025 and a urine sodium of 17 mmol/L. The hyponatremia initially was considered to be the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion in response to the patient's suspected pneumonia. Due to worsening blood pressure, lisinopril was restarted and the serum sodium concentration dropped from 134 to 126 mmol/L. Evaluation of the patient's hyponatremia included assessment of thyroid, adrenal, hepatic, and cardiac function that were within normal limits. The patient was discharged on the following medications: sustained-release theophylline 300 mg tid, prednisone 10 mg/d, albuterol inhaler 2 puffs q6h, and sustained-release verapamil 240 mg/d for blood pressure control. Her serum sodium concentration has remained between 135 and 140 mmol/L during hospitalizations for exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and for pneumonias 10 and 12 months after discharge.
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PMID:Severe hyponatremia: an association with lisinopril? 165 42

We assessed the effects of occupational exposure in a general population sample living in an unpolluted rural area of North Italy. In the age range of 18 to 64 yr, there were 417 participants who reported any exposure to dusts, chemicals, or gases and 1,218 who reported no exposure. Each subject completed a standardized interviewer-administered questionnaire (CNR-questionnaire). A variable proportion of participants succeeded in performing flow-volume curves, diffusing capacity of carbon monoxide, and slope of alveolar plateau of nitrogen. There was no significant difference for symptom prevalence rates between exposed and nonexposed in men and women who smoke. In nonsmoking women, those exposed showed significantly higher prevalence rates for exertional dyspnea and asthma. Regarding lung function, in exposed male smokers there was a significantly higher slope of the alveolar plateau. In exposed female nonsmokers, FEV1 and forced expiratory flows were significantly lower. Multiple logistic models in the overall group, accounting for age, smoking, and pack-years, showed that work exposure was associated significantly with higher risks for all symptoms in men (e.g., odds ratio: 2.76 for dyspnea, 2.31 for asthma, 1.69 for cough, and 1.64 for phlegm); in females, the association was significant for dyspnea (OR = 3.74) and asthma (OR = 3.29). Exposed men also had a significantly higher risk for %FEV1 or FEV1/FVC% below 70 (OR = 1.45). Our findings confirm those of the other few epidemiologic surveys in general population samples and contribute to the suggestion of a causal association between occupational exposure and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
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PMID:Respiratory effects of occupational exposure in a general population sample in north Italy. 200 Oct 59

We studied the clinical and instrumental modifications of 20 patients (mean age: 67.95 +/- 1.23 years; 13 males, 7 females) suffering from COPD (less than 65% theoretical FEV1), during treatment with bamiphylline. At basal time, and after 1, 2, 3, 4, and 6 months of therapy we performed a clinical and spirometric examination. All spirometric parameters (FEV1, VC, MEF25-75, Tiffeneau Index) increased significantly (p less than 0.01 - ANOVA1) since the first control performed after 1 month of treatment. This trend was confirmed in the successive controls. Analogue results were observed for emogasanalytical (P-CO2-PO2) and clinical (cough and dyspnoea) parameters. During the experimental research we did not observe side effects due to the xanthine-derivative (bamiphylline) under study or modifications of the main haematochemical tests. Therefore we believe that bamiphylline must be considered an effective therapeutic tool for COPD therapy.
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PMID:[Therapeutic effectiveness of bamifylline in elderly patients with COPD]. 200 29

A 50-year-old man with pulmonary fibrosis and COPD presented with worsening cough, dyspnea, chest pain, and hypoxemia of no readily apparent etiology, approximately four weeks after insertion of a transtracheal oxygen therapy catheter. Despite vigorous bronchial hygiene therapy, the patient died. Autopsy revealed obstruction of the trachea by a large mucous ball. We point out the nonspecificity of physical and radiologic findings associated with this condition and suggest that serial flow-volume loop analysis or earlier use of fiberoptic bronchoscopy might have been of assistance in premortem diagnosis of the mucous plug.
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PMID:Fatal airway obstruction caused by a mucous ball from a transtracheal oxygen catheter. 160 Aug 12

Inhaled corticosteroids are known to reduce respiratory symptoms and airway responsiveness in allergic patients with asthma. The aim of the present randomised, double blind study was to assess the effect of eight weeks' treatment with inhaled budesonide in non-allergic smokers with chronic obstructive lung disease. Twenty four subjects (23 male) entered the study. Their ages ranged from 40 to 70 (mean 57) years, with a mean of 35 (range 9-80) pack years of smoking; the mean FEV1 was 53% (range 32-74%) predicted and geometric mean PC20 (histamine concentration causing a 20% fall in FEV1) 0.96 (range 0.07-7.82) mg/ml. After a two week washout, single blind, placebo period, 12 patients were allocated to treatment with budesonide 1600 microgram/day and 12 to placebo for eight weeks. The only additional drug to be taken was ipratropium bromide "if needed." Twenty one patients completed the study, 10 in the budesonide group and 11 in the placebo group. The standard deviation of the difference between duplicate measurements of PC20 histamine and citric acid cough threshold made two weeks apart was below one doubling dose step. There was a significant reduction in dyspnoea in the budesonide group, but otherwise no change in symptom scores or use of ipratropium bromide over the eight weeks of treatment within or between the two groups. No significant differences in spirometric values, peak expiratory flow, PC20 histamine, or citric acid cough threshold were found between the groups. Although differences were not significant, some of the changes showed a trend in favour of budesonide. Whether a longer observation period would show a significant influence of inhaled corticosteroids in patients with chronic obstructive lung disease remains to be determined.
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PMID:Effects of inhaled budesonide on spirometric values, reversibility, airway responsiveness, and cough threshold in smokers with chronic obstructive lung disease. 206 95

To evaluate the epidemiology and incidence of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) a retrospective study of 573 cases which had been diagnosed during a 3 1/2 year period was carried out. There was a male predominance (2.09/1) with mean age of 53.33 years. The diagnostic delay (days) was 1.5. The mean hospital stay was 13.39 days. The most common underlying disease was COLD (27%). 34% of patients had received previous therapy. The most common clinical features were cough, fever, and mucous sputum. The most common radiological pattern was alveolar (81%). There was increased ESR and moderately high GOT and GPT. The microbiological diagnosis was achieved in 35.4%, with positive sputum culture (mostly pneumococcus) in 26.8% an positive blood culture in 5.9%. Ten patients died (1.7%). The following factors predicted a poor prognosis: age 75 years, underlying disease, bilateral radiological involvement and leukocytosis with neutrophilia.
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PMID:[Community-acquired pneumonia: 573 cases]. 210 56

Several well controlled epidemiologic and hemodynamic studies suggest that about 20% of sleep apnea syndrome (SAS) patients will have chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and the majority of these patients (with combined diseases) will have pulmonary hypertension. Indeed it has been suggested that only patients with underlying hypoxemia, such as that from COPD, will develop right heart failure in the OSA setting. Experience shows that apnea/COPD patients will have severe hypersomnolence associated with the OSA, cough and dyspnea with the airways disease, and edema and plethora related to chronic hypoxemia. Many patients present with respiratory failure and are diagnosed at the time of initial intubation and mechanical ventilation. Episodic nocturnal hypoxemia may be worsened by a steeper rate of desaturation due to lower alveolar and blood oxygen stores, and longer apneas perhaps contributed to by depressed chemosensitivity. Daytime hypoxemia may also add to the severe hemodynamic disturbances. Since COPD cannot be cured, aggressive treatment of SAS is critical. Past studies have shown that tracheostomy or nasal CPAP in this setting not only leads to resolution of episodic nocturnal desaturation but may lead to rapid improvement in daytime oxygenation in many patients. Pulmonary hypertension and other measures of cardiopulmonary function improve when apnea is cured. Elimination of the SAS may disclose nonapneic REM related desaturation that could require supplemental oxygen therapy in addition to tracheostomy or nasal CPAP. Pulmonary function testing in SAS patients with smoking histories, followed by aggressive treatment of SAS, is recommended.
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PMID:Chronic lung disease in the sleep apnea syndrome. 211 88

This study proves that L-dropropizine, a new peripheral antitussive drug, does not hinder the positive and useful effect of cough. This is particularly the case of physiokinesis in chronic obstructive lung disease patients. To quantify results, the respiratory voluntary muscles have been examined by surface electromyography and the peak expiratory flow has been registered by a computer-assisted device. By analysing the curves obtained relating the intensity of muscle contraction to expiratory flow, i.e. the muscle work exerted, no difference has been found after L-dropropizine and placebo. Statistical analysis evidenced increase in maximal peak expiratory flow and decrease in muscle work with both therapies. Both were significant (Student's test for paired data: p less than 0.01) in attaining functional improvement. Levodropropizine does not seem to impair the efficacy of cough elicited as part of respiratory clearance mechanisms.
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PMID:[Evaluation of the safety of antitussive agents during respiratory rehabilitation. A clinical study of L-dropropizine]. 214 84

States of airflow obstruction are common disorders which span the spectrum from asthmatic-chronic bronchitis to emphysema. Asthmatic and chronic bronchitic states are at least potentially reversible by systematic, pharmacologically oriented therapy focusing on bronchodilators and corticosteroids. Both asthmatic bronchitis, particularly when it is not adequately treated, and emphysema result in the final common pathway of COPD. These are generally progressive states, unless smoking cessation can be achieved in early or mild stages of disease. The future focuses on the great challenge of early identification, classification, and intervention. Thus, all patients with cough, dyspnea, and wheeze should be carefully evaluated by health workers who understand the history, physical examination, and simple pulmonary function tests in the context of chest radiology. These clinical methods together can help define the disease states characterized by airflow obstruction. Often, a final definition of disease cannot be made until aggressive attempts at the treatment of the airflow obstruction and its attendant symptoms complex have been vigorously pursued by experienced clinicians.
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PMID:Definitions in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. 220 36

This study was undertaken to enlarge our understanding of the adverse health effects of formaldehyde exposure in the workplace and community environment. The respiratory health status of 186 male plywood workers was evaluated by spirometric tests, respiratory questionnaires, and chest x-rays. Area concentrations of formaldehyde were measured in the work environment and found to range from 0.28 to 3.48 ppm. The average personal exposure was to 1.13 ppm of formaldehyde. Exposure to formaldehyde was associated with decrements in the baseline spirometric values, i.e., forced expiratory volume in 1 sec (FEV1.0), forced expiratory volume/forced vital capacity (FEV/FVC), and FEF25%-75%, and with several respiratory symptoms and diseases, including cough, phlegm, asthma, chronic bronchitis, and chest colds. The results of the study support the hypothesis that chronic exposure to formaldehyde induces symptoms and signs of chronic obstructive lung disease.
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PMID:Respiratory health of plywood workers occupationally exposed to formaldehyde. 225 13


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