Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0010200 (cough)
 23,843 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A 23-year-old woman, who had suffered recurrent acute bronchitis, dyspnoea, and stridor, was found to have a tracheal stenosis and complete left main bronchus obstruction. Biopsy of the tumour showed an adenoid cystic carcinoma. After pneumonectomy the trachea was closed through tumour tissue. Two weeks later a right thoracotomy showed that a tumour had invaded the trachea from the carina up to 6 cm and the right stem bronchus for 1 cm. Under extracorporeal circulation 7.5 cm of the trachea and right bronchus were resected. A direct tracheal anastomosis was easy to perform. Spontaneous respiration with efficient coughing returned after five days. Unfortunately, one month later, high fever caused by a lung abscess developed, which provoked a massive haemoptysis with fatal outcome.
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PMID:Surgical treatment of adenoid cystic carcinoma of the left main bronchus and trachea by left pneumonectomy, resection of 7.5 cm of trachea, and direct reanastomosis of right lung. 22 43

The experience with 45 patients with lung abscess over a three-year period at the University College Hospital (UCH), Ibadan, is presented. This study confirms the rarity of this disease among Nigerian children and its prevalence in young adults in the third and fourth decades of life. The most common presenting symptoms were purulent cough, chest pain, fever, and life-threatening hemoptysis which was the sole indication for emergency operation in 14 out of 16 patients who were treated surgically. The predominance of these abscesses in the right lung, especially in the superior segment of the lower lobe, supports the fact that aspiration of infected material, following depressed level of consciousness, esophageal obstruction, foreign bodies, and oral sepsis form the major causative factors in patients with lung abscess. The frequent association of sickle cell disease, bronchiectasis, hypertension, and pulmonary aspergilloma contribute significantly to the morbidity and mortality attendant to this disease in our environment. Twenty-nine patients were treated medically with five deaths and 16 patients were treated surgically with six deaths. The high operative mortality (37.5 percent) in this series was due to the extreme emergency conditions under which these patients were operated.
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PMID:Lung abscess: a review of three-years' experience at the University College Hospital, Ibadan. 42 74

Aspiration pneumonitis is an important cause of many anesthetic and non-surgical deaths and complication. One hundred and eight cases from 1964 to 1974 were reviewed to study the factors associated with aspiration pneumonia. Forty surgical and 68 non-surgical patients were evaluated and compared. Predisposing factors included impaired consciousness, esophageal and neurological disorders, cardiac resuscitation, debilitation, presence of a nasogastric tube or tracheostomy. The most common findings in both groups were dyspnea, cough, cyanosis, fever, tachycardia, rhonchi, rales and wheezes. Sputa of 64 patients failed to reveal the precise etiologic agent. High mortality (30%) and morbidity were found in both groups even with optimum treatment. The causes of morbidity in both groups of patients were pneumonia, lung abscess, myocardial infarction, gastrointestinal hemorrhage, and pulmonary embolus. Prevention, with particular attention to high-risk patients and to factors influencing aspiration in groups of surgical and non-surgical patients, is the solution to the problem.
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PMID:Aspiration pneumonia: a ten-year review. 45 16

53 children with infective pericarditis were seen at the University College Hospital, Ibadan, between 1967 and 1976. Their ages ranged from 10 days to 15 years but 53% of them were aged 5 years and below. Cough, fever, and breathlessness were the most common symptoms; cardiac decompensation was evident in over 30% of them, 23% had muffled heart sounds, but a pericardial friction rub was audible in only one. The main pathogens identified were Mycobacterium tuberculosis (11 cases), Staphylococcus aureus (11 cases), Escherichia coli (4 cases), Pneumococcus and Pseudomonas (3 cases each). Most of the patients had some other associated infection--such as, bronchopneumonia (12 cases), empyema thoracis (10 cases), lung abscess (10 cases), septicaemis (6 cases), and osteomyelitis (3 cases). Errors in diagnosis were common, the diagnosis having been missed in 72% of the cases identified at necropsy. Even if the correct diagnosis had been made during life and appropriate treatment given, the mortality rate (36%) was high. It is suggested that the onset of cardiac failure in any child with bronchopneumonia, empyema, or lung abscess should always arouse a suspicion of infective pericarditis.
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PMID:Infective pericarditis in Nigerian children. 47 15

Therapeutic effects of lividomycin (LVDM) were studied in 33 patients with respiratory infections including pneumonia, lung abscess, chronic bronchitis, etc. LVDM was intramuscularly administered at the dose of 1 or 2 g per day for consecutive 4 to 25 days. The results obtained are summarized below: 1. At the end of the first week of the treatment, rate of improvement in such parameters as cough, sputum, rales, fever and blood sedimentation rate were 69%, 56.7%, 60%, 79.2% and 70% respectively. Also, in 16% of the patients, abnormal shadow noted in X-ray film of the chest was disappeared and in 20% of the patients, size of the same was reduced during the first week of treatment. 2. Therapeutic effects of LVDM were evaluated synthetically and were graded as excellent, good, fair and ineffective. LVDM was effective in about 70 per cent of the patients, that is, excellent results were obtained in 4 patients, good in 12 patients, fair in 6 patients, and in 10 patients this antibiotic was ineffective. 3. In one patient with slight loss of high frequency perception was observed on the audiogram, but no other ototoxic effects such as subjective hearing loss, tinnitus, etc. In addition, no untoward effects on renal and hepatic function were observed. 4. The MIC values of LVDM for clinically isolated 20 strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa were examined, using kanamycin for comparison. The MIC values of LVDM for many strains were superior to those of kanamycin. In view of the test results mentioned above, LVDM would appear to be useful medication for the treatment of some of respiratory infections.
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PMID:[Studies on the therapeutic effects of lividomycin in respiratory infections (author's transl)]. 80 56

The clinical features, microbiology, treatment, and outcome in 24 children diagnosed with lung abscess at Harare Central Hospital during 1979-88 were reviewed retrospectively. This condition is rare in children, and the present study is the first to address lung abscess in Zimbabweans. 17 (71%) of the 24 patients were male and their mean age was 4.9 years. The most common presenting symptoms were fever, cough, and breathlessness. Abnormal chest signs (e.g., localized dull percussion note, with amphoric or bronchial breathing) were detected in 18 cases. Foremost among the predisposing factors were measles (25%), empyema thoraxis (17%), and unconsciousness (13%). Bacteria were isolated from 18 children, with Staphylococcus aureus (8 cases), group A beta hemolytic streptococci (4 cases), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (3 cases) the most common. Treatment consisted of bronchoscopy to aspirate pus from the bronchus and exclude foreign bodies as well as antibiotic administration. There were 6 deaths (25% case fatality rate). The prevention or prompt treatment of measles is urged to reduce further the incidence of this rare health condition. However, the spread of human immunodeficiency virus infection among children in sub-Saharan Africa is likely to be accompanied by pediatric lung abscess cases secondary to pneumonia.
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PMID:Lung abscess in children in Harare, Zimbabwe. 147 6

Although increasing attention is being given to Legionella pneumonia in Japan, reports of solitary onset of this disease are scant in Japan. The patient, from whom L. dumoffii was isolated, was a 59-year-old male with no underlying disease. He visited our hospital because of fever and cough, and was admitted to our department for X-ray findings consistent with pneumonia. After admission, pulmonary lesions spread rapidly, and based on the suspicion of Legionella pneumonia, drugs such as EM, RFP and MINO were used. However, the patient died on the 26th hospital day. L. dumoffii was isolated from specimens obtained by airway aspiration before death and specimens of lung abscess and airway discharge obtained during autopsy (7 specimens in total). In addition, the L. dumoffii antibody titer in the serum became elevated. This is the first case of L. dumoffii pneumonia reported in Japan. The other case was in an 81-year-old male with underlying disease. He was admitted urgently with suspected pneumonia but died on the following day. L. pneumophila serogroup 5 was isolated from autopsied lung tissue. Fatality is high for this disease, making early diagnosis and treatment with appropriate antibiotics essential. Physicians should bear in mind the possibility of this disease and request the necessary laboratory tests in suspected cases without delay.
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PMID:[Legionellosis]. 227 66

We encountered two cases of legionella pneumonia which ran a dramatic course and isolated Legionella dumoffii from one patient and Legionella pneumophila serogroup 5 from the other patient. The patient from whom L. dumoffii was isolated was a 59-year-old male with no basic disease. He presented chill, fever, coughing and other symptoms, starting on July 3, 1986, his disease was diagnosed as pneumonia at the clinic of his company. The patient was then introduced and admitted to our hospital. On admission chest radiography disclosed zonal pneumonia with an unclear border in the right superior lobe of the lung; a beta-lactam preparation was administered, but no effect was obtained and the lung lesion showed a rapid advance. From this condition, we suspected legionella pneumonia and changed the therapy to treatment with erythromycin and rifampicillin. Despite this, no improvement occurred and the patient died on the 26th hospital day. Colonies like Legionella colonies were separated from a total of seven specimens of biopsy aspirated matter from the airway and autopsy collected lung abscess and tracheal secretions, and the bacterium was identified L. dumoffii based on the biochemical and serological properties. In addition, the patient's serum was found to have an increased antibody titer against L. dumoffii. Based on these findings, the patient's disease was diagnosed as pneumonia as caused by L. dumoffii, a relatively rare bacterium as a member of the genus Legionella. The patient from whom Legionella pneumophila serogroup 5 was isolated was an 81-year-old man with basic diseases such as heart failure, anemia and hypothyroidism. He presented fever, general fatigue, anorexia and other symptoms, starting around June 2, 1987; pneumonia was suspected and the patient was urgently admitted to our hospital. The patient died of pneumonia of unknown cause on the second hospital day. To clarify the cause, autopsy was conducted; a large number of colonies like Legionella colonies were noted in the lung tissue. Identification test was then conducted and the bacterium was identified as L. pneumophila; we concluded that the patient's pneumonia had been caused by the identified bacterium L. pneumophila. The isolate was further subjected to slide agglutination test and identified as L. pneumophila serogroup 5.
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PMID:[Legionella dumoffii and Legionella pneumophila serogroup 5 isolated from 2 cases of fulminant pneumonia]. 250 80

We describe the course of illness in two middle-aged diabetic men who died suddenly from primary lung abscesses. They were in apparent good health and presented with fever, cough and small lung abscess [less than 5 cm] on chest radiographs. While receiving standard antimicrobial therapy in hospital, they experienced sudden respiratory arrest from aspiration of purulent material presumably following the drainage of lung abscess contents. This is a very unusual complication and the similar clinical features between these two cases prompted this report.
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PMID:Sudden death from primary lung abscess in middle-aged diabetic men--two case reports. 259 79

Cough is a common symptom in the smoking and non-smoking patient seeking medical attention from the office-based physician. Often, a comprehensive history and physical examination suggest the correct diagnosis, and specific therapy can be directed to the underlying disease. A chest roentgenogram is an essential part of the workup; it may suggest tuberculosis, chronic fungal infection, bronchiectasis, or lung abscess. In addition, bronchogenic carcinoma, which is increasing in frequency in the population, has several common manifestations that can be recognized on the chest roentgenogram. Pulmonary function studies are often helpful in the workup of the patient with chronic cough. A pattern of obstructive lung disease is seen with asthma, chronic bronchitis, and bronchiectasis. Diseases that cause lung fibrosis, such as idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, sarcoidosis, and pneumoconiosis, give a restrictive ventilatory defect. Bronchoprovocation testing can be helpful when baseline pulmonary function tests are normal and the diagnosis of postviral bronchitis or cough-variant asthma is suggested. If the bronchial inhalation challenge is negative, these diagnoses can be excluded. Chronic rhinosinusitis with associated postnasal drip is one of the most common causes of chronic cough and is often difficult to confirm because the physical examination and roentgenogram of the paranasal sinuses may be normal. In a great majority of patients with chronic cough, a diagnosis can be established by simple, clinical and laboratory procedures used in the outpatient setting.
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PMID:Chronic cough. Diagnosis and treatment. 384 18


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