Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0010200 (cough)
 23,843 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

An outbreak of infectious influenza was recognized in Menofeia governorate in October 1989. Eight naturally influenza infected as well as 8 healthy control horses, mules and donkeys were selected for collection of blood and sera separation to estimate four lysosomal enzymatic activities and to describe the clinical findings, which were fever, congested nasal, conjunctival membranes and cough. Bronchopneumonia followed later with bilateral purulent nasal discharge as a complication in 2 donkeys. Thereafter laboured breathing occurred. Therefore a therapeutic penicillin-streptomycin dose was injected to safeguard against the secondary bacterial invasion. All lysosomal enzyme levels in serum of diseased equines were subjected to consistent regression except N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase -beta-NAG) that behaved very highly significant activity, probably due to the acid pH resulting from bronchopneumonia and respiratory acidosis which override the inhibitory action of the antibiotics. Influenza virus may inhibit the synthesis of the pulmonary surfactant in alveolar and bronchial epithelium, thereafter, the animals suffered from respiratory distress and bronchospasm with resultant decreased acid phosphatase (ACP) value which was histochemically located in both sites. The disappearance of alpha- and beta-galactosidases (alpha-GAL & beta-GAL) from the serum of diseased animals can be attributed to the antibiotic dose.
 ...
PMID:Characterization of serum lysosomal enzymatic activities. III. Effect of infectious influenza in Egyptian equines. 838 24

In this paper three outbreaks of equine influenza in Berlin (Germany) in the years of 1988, 1989 and 1991 are discussed, reporting mainly clinical, hematological, virological and some epizootiological aspects. We have detected variations from the traditional pattern of equine influenza, whereby the main clinical symptoms like cough or fever were absent in several cases. If cough was found, it was moist. Furthermore a mucous nasal discharge was present in a number of cases for a period of 4-5 days. Extreme neutropenia, lymphocytosis and predominantly an unchanged level of monocytes were observed. Several horses became ill, in spite of having been regularly vaccinated against equine influenza. As cause, a high antigenic drift of the influenza virus isolated from 1989 and 1991 is assumed in comparison to the strains that are used for the influenza vaccines available. The origin of the viruses which had caused the influenza outbreaks described could not be elucidated.
 ...
PMID:[Equine influenza outbreaks with viral antigenic drift in Berlin 1988-1991]. 838 74

An H1N1 strain of influenza virus (A/swine/England/195852/92) isolated recently from clinical epizootics in pigs was transmitted experimentally to six-week-old specific pathogen-free pigs. Between one and four days after inoculation the infected pigs developed pyrexia and showed signs of coughing, sneezing and anorexia. Seroconversion was detected seven days after infection. Virus was isolated from nasal swabs and tissues up to four days after infection, but was not recovered from faeces. Virus was isolated from serum samples taken from each infected animal for a period of only one day between one and three days after infection. The pathology was characterised by a widespread interstitial pneumonia for up to 21 days after infection, lesions in the bronchi and bronchioles for up to seven days after infection, and haemorrhagic lymph nodes. Epithelial damage in the bronchial generations as a result of the virus infection was demonstrated by immunocytochemistry and electron microscopy.
 ...
PMID:Pathogenicity of a swine influenza H1N1 virus antigenically distinguishable from classical and European strains. 839 25

We treated three patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis who had an acute clinical exacerbation. We analyzed their clinical, radiographic, therapeutic, and pathologic findings. Their initial symptoms were influenza-like illness or cough with fever, and all had leukocytosis and elevation of C-reactive protein. Infectious events were ruled out by extensive bacteriologic and serologic examination. The patients' lung injury scores progressed rapidly to severe lung injury compatible with adult respiratory distress syndrome. Findings from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid showed marked neutrophilia and elevation of albumin concentrations. All patients showed various degrees of improvement following corticosteroid therapy. Histologic findings from open lung biopsy specimens showed both usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) and organizing acute lung injury pattern. Whether these two forms of interstitial pneumonia (UIP and acute lung injury pattern) are variants of one disease or are unrelated and also the effectiveness of corticosteroid therapy on such conditions remain to be determined by further studies.
 ...
PMID:Acute exacerbation in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Analysis of clinical and pathologic findings in three cases. 840 4

The present report describes untoward effects of disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate (EDTA) in three of six pediatric patients treated with continuous cycling peritoneal dialysis, in whom this agent was infused intravenously to lower serum ionized calcium levels during dynamic testing of parathyroid gland function. Patients developed an influenza-like syndrome characterized by fever rhinorrhea, cough, sneezing, and lacrimation. All symptoms disappeared within 24 h. A similar degree of hypocalcemia was induced with sodium citrate, an alternative hypocalcemic agent, in the same patients without side effects. Sodium citrate, rather than EDTA, should be used to induce hypocalcemia when assessing parathyroid gland dynamics in children with end-stage renal disease.
 ...
PMID:Disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate: adverse effects in dialyzed children. 847 15

To elucidate the early clinical characteristics of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS), we compared the clinical features of 24 cases of HPS with those of cases of bacteremic pneumococcal pneumonia (n = 30), influenza (n = 33), or unexplained adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS, n = 21). On admission, patients with HPS were less likely than outpatients with influenza to have reported sore throat (OR = 0.02, P < .01) and cough (OR = 0.1, P = .01) and were less likely than patients with pneumococcal pneumonia to have lobar infiltrates detected by chest roentgenography (OR = 0, P < .01). Multivariate discriminant analysis revealed that three clinical characteristics at admission (dizziness, nausea or vomiting, and absence of cough) and three initial laboratory abnormalities (low platelet count, low serum bicarbonate level, and elevated hematocrit level) served to identify all patients with HPS and to exclude HPS in at least 80% of patients with unexplained ARDS. These findings warrant further study and should facilitate the early recognition of patients with HPS, who may benefit from early critical-care intervention.
 ...
PMID:Clinical features that differentiate hantavirus pulmonary syndrome from three other acute respiratory illnesses. 852 58

In the FRAMEMED system design, the inherent attributes of its concepts are expressed in the hierarchical lists of its 26 Elements (e.g., Agents, Clinical Manifestations, Diseases, Tests, etc.). These concepts, contained in regular structures, are then alphabetized by phrase (and synonym), forming a combined index in which the user may quickly find a concept either alphabetically or hierarchically. Stored in the structures of the index are pointers to four types of knowledge records: 1) Descriptive (definition); 2) Relational (incidental attributes); 3) Conditional (rules); and 4) Procedural (how to). In contrast to the index which is stored in regular structures for rapid access (like relational databases), the knowledge records are stored in free text (variable length) and may include pointers to imaging and audio records. A particular feature of the FRAMEMED system is careful attention to modifiers, an aspect usually not emphasized in other systems. In trying to structure the free text describing a patient encounter, for example, the major concepts such as cough, fever, stiff neck, etc., are relatively easy to code (although a common system has not yet been agreed upon). The devil lies in the modifiers such as 'history of', 'severe,' 'constant,' 'absent,' 'left,' 'abnormal,' etc., particularly when there is concatenation of modifiers modifying modifiers. Our Relational records (in our knowledge base) and our Chronological Medical Records (CMR) in our patient record have the same format, namely, a title, several related items, and a date/author. For example, our disease profile (Relational record) for 'Influenza' might include 'cough,' 'fever,' and 'stiff neck.' The CMR of a particular patient encounter might include the same items. The only differences would be the title (disease name for the disease profile, date for the CMR, and the omission of the redundant date in the date/author line of the CMR). Each related item in either of these records is expressed in a four-part string, namely: 1) Relation; 2) Code; 3) Phrase; and 4) Comment. Modifiers (common ASCII symbols) are structured into each of these parts. For example, if the patient did not have 'cough,' the default '+' in the Relation would be edited to a '-', while 'history of' cough would be '>'. Each Relation can be graded (on a 5-level scale) for both importance and frequency. The Code for a test can carry the result suffix, '+ positive/high,' '-negative/low,' '# abnormal (qualitatively)', or '1 unremarkable/normal.' Topological information, such as '/left,' can be appended to a Code. If the cough is getting worse, its code can have the suffix, '<'. The standardized Phrases associated with the Codes come from the hierarchical lists of the index section described earlier. Phrases are not stored, being rematched to the codes as needed for user display. This practice not only saves memory space but allows a CMR encounter recorded in one language to be displayed in another second language subsequently, requiring only the existence of the hierarchical code/phrase in the second language. A free-text Comment is allowed for any related item in a Relational record or CMR, to allow the doctor to add important nuances such as 'worse on arising' or for a numeric result such as a test result or a thermometer reading. Some structuring can be accommodated in the Comment by introducing symbols such as '> relieved by,' followed by a list containing entries such as 'antacids.' Time can be sturctured through symbol lists such as '@-2 mo' representing '2 months previously.' Because Relational records in the knowledge ase and patient encoutner records in the CMR both display findings in hierarchical order; all similar items (e.g., Agents, Clinical Manifestations, Tests, Procedures, etc.) occur together and in an unique order. (abstract truncated)
 ...
PMID:Description and advantages of an index-driven medical knowledge base. 859 95

Acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis can be recognized clinically by (1) increased cough and dyspnea, (2) a change in character of sputum, and (3) an increase in quantity of sputum. Routine chest radiographs are probably not warranted in initial evaluation. Therapy is aimed at control of inflammation, infection, bronchoconstriction, and mucin production. Corticosteroids improve flow rates in patient with respiratory insufficiency. Antibiotic therapy appears to decrease hospital stay and improve flow rates in patients with bacterial infection, as determined by sputum examination or the presence of two of the following symptoms: increased dyspnea, increased sputum production, purulent sputum. Gram's stain of expectorated sputum often allows targeted and cost-effective therapy. Ipratropium bromide (Atrovent) is the bronchodilator of choice; concomitant use of beta agonists has additional benefit. Research on future therapy may focus on the role of corticosteroids, mucolytic agents, and drugs that counteract the effects of neutrophil elastase. Smoking cessation is the first step in prevention. Antibiotic prophylaxis is warranted only in patients with four or more exacerbations per year. Pneumoccoccal and influenza vaccinations are effective and safe; unfortunately, they are underutilized at present.
 ...
PMID:Acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis: focusing management for optimum results. 860 17

The clinical courses of six patients involved in a family outbreak of Chlamydia pneumoniae respiratory tract infection are described. The diagnosis was established by use of culture, polymerase chain reaction and determination of species specific antibodies. The patients had mild influenza-like symptoms with sore throat, occluded eustachian tubes and long-lasting cough. All patients received recommended antibiotic treatment regimens. Two out of the six patients needed further antibiotic treatment to obtain clinical and microbiological cure.
 ...
PMID:[Familial occurrence of Chlamydia pneumoniae infection]. 864 28

In the nursing home belonging to our hospital, an outbreak of influenza A (H3N2) occurred in January 1995, and we studied 23 elderly residents with influenza A infection. Twenty three residents with influenza A (8 males and 15 females) ranged in age from 67 to 95 years (average 83.1 years), 91.3% of them were bedridden. And all had underlying medical conditions with neurologic, cardiac, orthopedic, being the most frequent. The most common complaints were fever (100%), followed by cough (95.7%), sputum (60.9%), but sore throat was significantly less frequent. Influenza A virus was isolated from throat swab specimens from 6 of 18 ill patients. Fourteen persons were hospitalized and 2 of them had pneumonia, but nobody died. The levels of CRP, WBC were significantly high in the influenza group, as compared to the non influenza group. So this result suggested that influenza A infection among elderly subjects was apt to cause bacterial infection such as bronchitis and pneumonia. This outbreak was caused by contact from the staff to residents, so we think the health care of the staffs and prevention of influenza should be a high priority in nursing homes.
 ...
PMID:[An outbreak of influenza A (H3N2) in a nursing home]. 869 92


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>