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Query: UMLS:C0010200 (cough)
 23,843 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

An outbreak of influenza virus type B infection occurred in Philadelphia from December, 1985, to April, 1986. During this epidemic 24 patients were admitted to Children's Hospital from whom influenza B was isolated from routine respiratory viral cultures. All were younger than 3 years of age. Clinical findings included fever (greater than or equal to 38 degrees C) (88%), rhinorrhea (62.6%), cough (50%), otitis (50%), rhonchi (42%), vomiting (38%), diarrhea (33%), rales (21%), pharyngitis (13%) and croup (4%). Remarkably 75% of the patients had underlying diseases which may have contributed to the severity of the infection. Nine (41%) patients had pneumonia. Two patients died of respiratory failure caused by overwhelming influenza B virus infection. Patients admitted to the hospital with respiratory and underlying diseases should have viral respiratory cultures which include influenza B.
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PMID:Children hospitalized with influenza B infection. 361 69

Killed and live influenza virus vaccines were given to asthmatics and healthy subjects to investigate symptoms and alterations in their respiratory performance after vaccination. Polyvalent killed influenza virus vaccine was given to 16 asthmatics and live attenuated influenza virus vaccine to 23 asthmatics and 21 healthy subjects. Fourteen of the 16 asthmatics vaccinated with the killed vaccine displayed a significant rise in serum antibody level as measured by a single radial haemolysis in gel (SRH test). 11 of the 23 asthmatics and 14 of the 21 healthy subjects vaccinated with the live attenuated vaccine displayed a significant rise in the SRH test. Among the subjects with no measurable initial antibodies and with a significant rise in the SRH test, one asthmatic vaccinated with the killed vaccine experienced symptoms of common cold with fever and dyspnoea 1 week after vaccination. Three asthmatics and four healthy subjects vaccinated with live attenuated vaccine experienced mild symptoms, mainly rhinorrhoea, cough and sore throat 2 to 3 days after vaccination. No alterations in specific airway conductance in asthmatics or in healthy subjects were observed. We conclude that both killed and live attenuated influenza virus vaccines are tolerated well by asthmatics and appear to be safe for asthma patients.
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PMID:Effects of killed and live attenuated influenza vaccine on symptoms and specific airway conductance in asthmatics and healthy subjects. 388 38

To investigate the mechanisms involved in increasing bronchial reactivity, we made a model of airway reactivity increase in dogs after Type C influenza virus infection. Five beagle dogs were inoculated intranasally with the virus, and the time courses of changes in the hemagglutination inhibition (HI) antibody titer and the bronchial reactivity were determined. To assess bronchial reactivity the dogs were anesthetized, and dose-response curves of pulmonary resistance were obtained against increasing concentrations of acetylcholine aerosol. The dogs infected with the virus showed mild symptoms of rhinorrhea and cough. The HI antibody titer was significantly increased in all dogs, with peak values at 1 to 3 wk after infection. The bronchial reactivity to acetylcholine began to increase towards Day 3, reached a peak at 1 to 2 wk, and returned to a normal level at 4 wk. The airway reactivity to acetylcholine at 2 wk after infection was increased by 2.3 to 6.5 times the normal value in terms of the acetylcholine provocative concentration. The mean increase was significant at 1 wk (p less than 0.05), 2 wk (p less than 0.01), and 3 wk (p less than 0.05). Although both the HI antibody titer and the airway responsiveness increased together towards 1 to 2 wk, no close relationship between these factors was observed thereafter. The present dog model of airway hyperreactivity may be useful for further investigation of the mechanism governing increase in bronchial reactivity with respiratory viral infection in normal subjects as well as in patients with asthma.
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PMID:Changes in bronchial reactivity to acetylcholine with type C influenza virus infection in dogs. 395 45

In 50 of 94 patients with bronchiolitis obliterans we found no apparent cause or associated disease, and the bronchiolitis obliterans occurred with patchy organizing pneumonia. Histologic characteristics included polypoid masses of granulation tissue in lumens of small airways, alveolar ducts, and some alveoli. The fibrosis was uniform in age, suggesting that all repair had begun at the same time. The distribution was patchy, with preservation of background architecture. Clinically, there was cough or flu-like illness for 4 to 10 weeks, and crackles were heard in the lungs of 68 per cent of the patients. Radiographs showed an unusual pattern of patchy densities with a "ground glass" appearance in 81 per cent. Physiologically, there was restriction in 72 per cent of the patients, and 86 per cent had impaired diffusing capacity. Obstruction was limited to smokers. The mean follow-up period was four years. With corticosteroids, there was complete clinical and physiologic recovery in 65 per cent of the subjects; two died from progressive disease. This disorder differs from bronchiolitis obliterans with irreversible obstruction. It was confused most often with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. In view of the benign course and therapeutic response, a histologic distinction is important.
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PMID:Bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia. 396 33

An epidemic of influenza A occurred in the Niue population during May-June 1983. The infection was introduced by two index cases returning from New Zealand to the village of Makefu. The epidemic started in this village and then spread rapidly around the island. The incidence of infection was calculated to be 41 per 100 population based on 1981 census figures. There was no predilection for the infection to affect any particular age bracket, although the elderly were over-represented amongst the hospital admissions because of greater severity of illness in this age group. Two deaths occurred, and 3.4% of cases received treatment in hospital. Apart from generalised symptoms (fever, body pain, and headache), respiratory symptoms, particularly cough, were prominent. Gastrointestinal symptoms were reported in a minority. The average duration of illness was 6 days. Virology results indicated that the epidemic was due to influenza A/Bangkok/1/79(H3N3). Paired serological studies also revealed five cases of dengue fever. Previous records reveal that epidemics of influenza are a frequent occurrence in Niue, although not a major cause of mortality since the 1950s. It is suggested that early treatment of complications is the most important measure to decrease the impact of influenza and that measures such as isolation of cases, restriction of population movement and quarantine of incoming cases may be useful to prevent the propagation of epidemics in a small and isolated population.
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PMID:An epidemic of influenza in the population of Niue. 400 48

Four volunteers with naturally acquired, culture-proved influenza A infection inhaled a radiolabeled aerosol to permit investigation of lung mucociliary clearance mechanisms during and after symptomatic illness. Mucus transport in the trachea was undetectable when monitored with an external multidetector probe within 48 hours of the onset of the illness, but was found at a normal velocity (4.9 +/- 1.9 mm/min) by 1 week in three of the four subjects. In two volunteers who coughed 23 to 48 times during the 4.5-hour observation period, whole lung clearance was as fast within the first 48 hours of illness as during health 3 months later in spite of the absence of measurable tracheal mucus transport. Conversely, in spite of the return 1 week later of mucus transport at velocities expected in the trachea, whole lung clearance for the 4.5-hour period was slowed in two volunteers who coughed less than once an hour. The data offer evidence that cough is important in maintaining lung clearance for at least several days after symptomatic influenza A infection when other mechanisms that depend on ciliary function are severely deficient.
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PMID:Modifications of lung clearance mechanisms by acute influenza A infection. 404 99

During eight weeks of a recent influenza epidemic 29 patients with ketoacidosis were admitted to the General Hospital, Birmingham. This was an exceptionally large number of cases. Of these, 14 had complained of a cough, nine had clinical evidence of respiratory infection, and four extensive bronchopneumonia. Hypokalaemia was present on admission in several instances and caused respiratory failure and death in three patients. Since the dangers of initial hypokalaemia are increased during the treatment of ketoacidosis, especially when sodium bicarbonate is used, serum potassium levels must be estimated initially and, if necessary, potassium chloride given intravenously at more frequent intervals than usual.
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PMID:Diabetic ketoacidosis during the influenza epidemic. 499 May 51

A clinical, epidemiological and virological investigation was conducted on patients in two general practices in Cambridge, England, during an influenza epidemic between February and April 1963. The epidemiological pattern differed from that of the 1957-58 Asian influenza epidemic in that the overall incidence was considerably lower (3.2%) and that the highest attack rates were not in school children but in pre-school children (71.5 per 1000 persons).Virological investigation confirmed the diagnosis of Influenza A2 infection in 56 of 63 patients (89%). Isolations were made in 29 of 51 specimens tested. Serological studies revealed that the complement fixation test was more reliable than hemagglutination - inhibition or neutralization tests. Clinical features resembled those reported in previous epidemics, cough, headache and limb pains being prominent features.
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PMID:Asian influenza in 1963 in two general practices in Cambridge, England. 582 80

This article reports a case of needlestick transmission of human T-lymphotropic virus type III (HTLV-III) infection to a health care worker in the UK from a patient who was presumably infected while in Africa. The patient, a white woman who had lived in central southern Africa, presented at the hospital with general malaise, dry cough, and fever. Lung biopsy revealed Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia infection, and the patient was seropositive for HTLV-III infection with a titer of 260. The patient reported that she had been unwell for 2-3 years. She had none of the accepted risk factors for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), and neither she nor her husband had visited the US, the Caribbean, or Zaire. Serum from the husband was positive for HTLV-III antibodies at a titer of 450. Despite intensive management and treatment with pentamidine, the patient died. During management of this case, a nursing staff member sustained a needlestick injury to the finger while resheathing a hypodermic needle. A small amount of blood was probably injected. 13 days later, the health care worker developed a severe flu-like illness with sore throat, headache, myalgia, and facial neuralgia. A macular rash and generalized lymphadenopathy were also noted. Serum drawn 27 days after the incident was negative for anti-HTLV-III infection, but titers on days 49 and 57 were 12 and 24, respectively. This contrasts with experience in the US, where needlestick injuries in health care workers have not resulted in either disease or transmission. It is assumed that the patient acquired AIDS in Africa, and that the infection was transmitted heterosexually. This case raises the possibility of differences in infectivity and other characteristics between HTLV-III viruses of US and African origin.
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PMID:Needlestick transmission of HTLV-III from a patient infected in Africa. 615 Mar 72

A longitudinal study of symptomatology and interferon production in 35 patients (13 children, 20 college students and 2 medical staff members) with influenza B viral infections is presented. The mean duration of illness was 11.3 days. Cough persisted for 9.8 days and nasal symptoms continued for 8.5 days. The mean duration of fever was 4.7 days. Diarrhea occurred in 8 patients; it had its onset on about the fourth day and persisted for 4 days. Interferon levels correlated directly with fever and generally with systemic symptoms but not with other aspects of disease severity, duration or serum hemagglutination-inhibiting antibody responses.
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PMID:Longitudinal study of influenza B symptomatology and interferon production in children and college students. 619 12


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